‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة ‪Final Control Elements ٢‬‬

‫‪Final Control Elements‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﺎﺿ ة‬

‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ هﻮ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻹﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ي ﻳﻘﻮد اﻟﻨﻈﺎمم ﻹ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻤﻴﺔ و هﻮ اﻟﺬي‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮج‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺋ ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮآﺎت‬ ‫•‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫‪valve‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻤﻴﺔﺔ اﻟ ﺎ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟ ﻜ‬
‫أآﺜﺮ اﻟ ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ أآﺜ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ )ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺣﺴﺐ إﺷﺎرة‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ(‬
‫هﻨﺎك ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫‪On/off‬‬ ‫•‬
‫‪Throttle‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﻦ هﻤﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‬
‫ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟ ﺎ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ ‪ actuator‬ﻳﻘﺪم اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‬ ‫•‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫• اﻟﻤﺮآﺒﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ‪valve trim‬‬
‫• هﻨﺎك أﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﺣﺴﺐ ‪trim‬‬
‫• ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺻﻤﺎم ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ههﻲ‪:‬‬
‫• ‪ -١‬ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺮاد اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺘﺪﻓﻘﻬﺎ )اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‪-‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‪-‬اﻟﺘﺮآﻴﺐ ‪(....‬‬
‫• ‪ -٢‬ﻧﻮع اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫• ‪ -٣‬ﺷﺮوط ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫• ‪ -٤‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﺣﺴﺐ ‪trim‬‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻴﺪوي ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟﻠﺰﻳﺖ أو اﻟﻐﺎز‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫آﺮﺳﻲ واﺣﺪ‬
‫•ﻟﻪ ﺳﺪادة واﺣﺪة و ﺮ ﻲ‬

‫•ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻗﻮة ﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺴﺎق و اﻟﺘﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮة‬

‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ‬

‫•ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ A‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺴﺪادة و ‪P‬ﻓﺮق اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﻦ‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫اﻟﻜﺮاﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ج ﻣﻦ ﺮ‬
‫ج ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺪادات و ززوج‬
‫•ﻟﻪ ززوج‬

‫•ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻗﻮة أﻗﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﺴﺎق‬

‫•ﻟﻤﺎذا؟‬

‫•ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎوﺋﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﺪم اﻹﻏﻼق اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﻟ ﺎذا؟‬
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا؟‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ف‬
‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺎت ﻠ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺘ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﻓ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎ ﻔﻈﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻴﻂ ﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺴﺘﻮن ﻂ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺘ ن‬
‫اﻟﺴﺪادة ﻠ‬
‫اﻟ ﺪادة‬
‫‪T‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺎذا؟‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎم ذو اﻟﺒﺴﺘﻮن ﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﻴﺰة اﻟﻤﺘﻮازن؟‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫ﺳﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازن‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫•ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺻﻔﻴﺤﺔ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ ﻟﺘﻀﻴﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى‬
‫•ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫•ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻮي‬
‫ﺟﺰﻳﺌﺎت ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬

‫•ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﺪم اﻹﻏﻼق اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺰاﺗﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻧﺴﻴﺎﺑﻲ آﺎﻣﻞ )دون ﻋﺮﻗﻠﺔ( ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﻜﺎ ﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺿﻌﻒ إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ ﻟﻠﺨﻨﻖ‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪V‬‬

‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫د‪.‬م‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎﻧﺎ دﻳﺎب‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ /‬ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﺁﻟﻲ و ﺣﻮاﺳﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬