Anatomy Embryology

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Radietya Alvarabie

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alvarabie.18859@gmail.com

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2020
 Outline
• Definition
• The Miles Stone of The Embryo
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• The Carnegie Stages
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Week 1 and 2 of Human Development Overview
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The 3 Laminar Embryo
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The Beginning of Differentiation, Specific Tissues &
Systems
• The Heart Formation
• Organogenesis Period: Most Organ Have Begun to Form

Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
 Definition

Embryology  is applied to the various changes which take place during the

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growth of an animal from the egg to the adult condition: it is, restricted to the
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phenomena which occur before birth.

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It may be studied from two aspects:

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• 1. Ontogeny  development of the individual;

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• 2. Phylogeny  evolutionary history of the animal kingdom

Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
 The Miles Stone of The Embryo

• The development of a new being  when a female germ cell (ovum) has been
fertilized by a male germ cell (spermatozoon);

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• After it has been fertilized, there are two general processes: segmentation and

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differentiation of cells;
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Thus, the fertilized ovum undergoes repeated segmentation into a number of
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cells which at first closely resemble one another, but are, sooner or later,
differentiated into two groups:
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(1) somatic cells, the function of which is to build up the various tissues of the
body; and
• (2) germinal cells, which become imbedded in the sexual glands — the ovaries
in the female and the testes in the male

Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
 The Carnegie Stages
Carnegie stage 1 to 23, showing human external appearance and growth
during the first 8 weeks of development.

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Hill, M.A. (2020, August 27) Embryology Human Carnegie stage 1-23.jpg. Retrieved from
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Human_Carnegie_stage_1- Radietya Alvarabie
23.jpg
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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At the age of two weeks, the embryo has two
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layers (bilaminar). A fluid-filled space

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(amniotic cavity) forms out of the epiblast.

Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
The Carnegie Stages

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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
The Carnegie Stages

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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
The Carnegie Stages

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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
 Radietya Alvarabie Week 1 and 2 of Human Development Overview
Universitas Indonesia, 2020

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Week1_summary.jpg
Hill, M.A. (2020, September 3) Embryology Week1 summary.jpg. Retrieved from
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1st week of development occurs floating freely within the uterine tube& body

Day 14 of menstrual cycle - Oocyte released from ovary about the midpoint of the menstrual cycle;

Day 0 - The haploid oocyte and spermatozoa fuse at fertilization to form a diploid zygote, the first cell.
Fertilization occurring generally in the first third of the uterine tube (uterine horn, fallopian tube).
Day 1 to 3 - Cell division by mitosis forming a solid ball of cells, the morula.
Day 3 to 5 - Cell compaction forming a fluid-filled space and two cell populations, the blastocyst (1-
chambered conceptus).
Day 5 to 7 - blastocyst "hatches" from the surrounding zona pellucida.
Day 7 to 9 - Implantation commences and continues through the second week of development.
Stage 1 (Carnegie) 1st
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Week
Stage 1 is early zygote and
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not in scale. Has been
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enlarged to show

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pronuclei and polar
bodies.

Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia,
2020
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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia,
2020
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Stage 5 (Carnegie) 1st -2nd Week
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 Day 8 to 9 though showing the trilaminar
embryo suggests late week 2 to early week
3 of development.

Section through ovum imbedded in the

uterine decidua.

The 3 Laminar Embryo

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Hill, M.A. (2020, August 27) Embryology Gray0032.jpg. Retrieved from
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Gra
am. - amniotic cavity y0032.jpg
b.c. - blood clot, at the site of initial implantation
b.s. - body-stalk, or connective stalk later forming the placental cord region with placental blood vessels
ect. - embryonic ectoderm that will contribute to embryonic and placental membrane development
ent. - entoderm (endoderm), this was the historic term for what we today call endoderm that will contribute to embryo development
mes. - mesoderm, consisting of both embryonic mesoderm (in the trilaminar embryonic disc) and extraembryonic mesoderm (outside the
trilaminar embryonic disc)
m.v. - maternal vessels, spiral arteries that have been opened at their ends
tr. - trophoblast, relative to the embryonic disc the outer syncitiotrophoblast and inner cytotrophoblast layers that will contribute to placental
development
u.e. - uterine epithelium, the epithelial layer that lines the uterus
u.g. - uterine glands, the glands that secrete nutrients to support the initial growth both before and after implantation
y.s. - yolk-sac, the endoderm lined and extraembryonic mesoderm covered cavity that will contribute to the gastrointestinal tract, blood and
blood vessels
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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia,
2020
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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia,
2020
Events: Gastrulation is continuing as cells migrate from
the epiblast, continuing to form mesoderm;

Mesoderm lies between the ectoderm & endoderm as a

continuous sheet except at the buccopharyngeal and
cloacal membranes;

These membranes have ectoderm and endoderm only

and will lie at the rostral (head) and caudal (tail) of the
gastrointestinal tract.

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Human Embryo - Carnegie Stages 7

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Week 3, 15 - 17 days, 0.4 mm

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streak, primitive groove, yolk sac

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Neural groove: A series of transverse sections through • Lateral plate still
an embryo of the dog undivided in I, II, and III;
(The uprising of the neural folds to form the neural canal) in IV and V split into
somatic (sm) and
splanchnic (sp) layers of
mesoderm.

• Section III, IV, and V the

scattered cells
represented between

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splanchnic layer of

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mesoderm are the

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vasoformative cells

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which give origin in front

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to the heart tubes, h; l.p.

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spread out nearly flat.

•c - Intermediate cell mass.

•ect. - Ectoderm.
•ent. - Entoderm. (endoderm)
•h - Rudiments of endothelial heart
tubes.
•mes. - Mesoderm.
•p - Pericardium.
•so. - Primitive segment. (somite
Hill, M.A. (2020, August 24) Embryology Gray0015.jpg. Retrieved from •a - Aortæ.
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Gray0015.jpg
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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia,
2020
 The Beginning of Differentiation of
Specific Tissues & Systems
Dorsum of Human Embryo, 4th week (Stage 10):

• Differentiate from the trilaminar embryo;

• On the embryo surface sensory placodes and limb

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buds appear. Sensory placodes (otic, lens, nasal)
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will form: ear, eye and nose.
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Limb buds from ectoderm and mesoderm (somite)
components and are the "paddle-like" projections

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from the trunk which will form all the upper and
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lower limb.

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Neural Crest - differentiation at spinal cord level (day 22 - day 26)
Neural folds begin to fuse near the junction between brain and spinal cord, when
Neural Crest - cells are arising mainly from the neural ectoderm
Neural Crest - trigeminal, facial, and postotic ganglia components visible[1]
Neural Crest - migration of vagal level neural crest cells begins (7-10 somite stage)
Neural - Brain rostral neural tube forms 3 primary brain vesicles (week 4)
Respire - Week 4 laryngotracheal groove forms on floor foregut.
Heart - begins to beat in Humans by day 22-23, first functioning embryonic organ
formed.
Radietya Alvarabie Hill, M.A. (2020, August 24) Embryology Gray0020.jpg. Retrieved from
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Gra
Universitas Indonesia, 2020 y0020.jpg
 The Heart Formation
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In the stages 8, ca. the 23rd day , the heart forms

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outside the embryonic disk. By the flexion of the

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embryo, the heart comes to lie within and ventral to the

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embryo.

Through the growth of the brain the embryo bends

forward progressively and in stage 14 (ca. the 33rd day),
it attains its maximum flexion. The heart continues to
descend further and, at the end of the embryonic period,
comes to lie in the thoracic region.

Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
Sectional plan of the gravid
uterus in the 3rd-4th month

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Decidua Basalis - part of the maternal mucosa to which the chorion
frondosum is attached, it is convenient to consider the two
structures together.
Decidua Capsularis - part of the maternal mucosa that covers the
conceptus chorion laeve
Decidua Parietalis - the remainder of the maternal uterine mucosa
away from the site of implantation.
Radietya Alvarabie
Hill, M.A. (2020, August 27) Embryology Gray0034.jpg. Retrieved from
Universitas Indonesia, 2020 https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Gray0034.jpg
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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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Hill, M.A. (2020, September 3) Embryology Stage13 oral cavity floor02.jpg. Retrieved from
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Stage13_oral_cavity_flo
or02.jpg

Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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Universitas Indonesia, 2020
 Stage 14 (Carnegie)
32th Day

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Radietya Alvarabie
Image Source: Scanning electron micrographs of the
Carnegie stages of the early human embryos are
reproduced with the permission of Prof Kathy Sulik,
from embryos collected by Dr. Vekemans and Tania
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Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
 Organogenesis Period: Most
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Organ Have Begun to Form

8th weeks Fetus,

enclosed in the amnion

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This period is also considered the
organogenesis period, when most
organs within the embryo have
begun to form.
Hill, M.A. (2020, August 24) Embryology Gray0030.jpg. Retrieved from
https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Gra
y0030.jpg
Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
 REFERENSI

• Hill, M.A. Embryology Human Carnegie stage 1-23.jpg. 2020. Retrieved

from:

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https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/File:Human
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Carnegie_stage_1-23.jpg

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• Human Embryology. The Carnegie Stages. Universities of Fribourg,

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Lausanne and Bern. Switzerland. 2019
•
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Embryologie und Teratologie des Menschen, O'Rahilly R.und Müller F.

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Huber Verlag. 1999.p107-109.
• Developmental stages in human embryos. Washington, D. C. Carnegie
Institution of Washington. O'Rahilly and Müller F. 1987.

Thank you
Wish you all the best
alvarabie.18859@gmail.com
Radietya Alvarabie
Universitas Indonesia, 2020
 Quiz: Number 1 and 2
Choices:
a. Caudal neuropore
b. Somite
c. Rostral neuropore

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d. Neural tube

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e. Pharyngeal arch

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The pictures are 29th day embrio (11th stages of
Carnegie). Please mention what the names of structure
of number:
1. (4)
2. (3)
 Quiz: Number 3 and 4

From the following pictures, what’s the name

of the structure which labelled by number:
3. (1)

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4. (2)
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1

Choices: 2
a. Pharyngeal arch
b. Yolk sac
c. Upper limb bud
d. Amniotic sac
e. Somite
 Choices:
a. 4th week
b. 6th week
c. Early week 2
d. Last week 2 to early week 3
e. Early 4th week

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5. Section through ovum imbedded in the uterine decidua.
The trilaminar embryo, suggested that the embryo is in the what period of
week?

Quiz: Number 5