Analysis of Joist-Girder 2008 - Part - 4

28 Analysis and Design of Joist Girder
Chapter four
COMPUTER PROGRAM
4.1 PROGRAM PROCEDURE

This chapter presents a brief description of the computer program developed in this study which
governs the problem of analysis and design of in-plane structure (JOIST GIRDER) using
Stiffness Matrix as Method (S.M.M.). The program was written using MATLAB (version 7),
it is consist of three major parts; first the analysis of the in-plane structure. Second part is the
28
design of plate girder elements. Third part is the checking of joist girder elements stresses
according to the AISC-89 Design Manual using ASD designing method.
Based on theoretical equations presented in previous chapter, the following step-by-step
procedure for the analysis of In-plane structures (Trusses) using Stiffness Matrix Method.
The sign convention used in this analysis is as follow: the joint translations are considered
positive when they act in positive direction of Y-axis, and joint rotations are considered positive
when they rotate in counterclockwise direction:
Prepare the analytical model of in-plane structure, as follows:
1. Draw a line diagram of the in-plane structure (beam), and identify each joint member
by a number.
2. Determine the origin of the global (X-Y) coordinate system (G.C.S.). It is usually
located to the lower left joint, with the X and Y axes oriented in the horizontal (positive
to the right) and vertical (positive upward) directions, respectively.
3. For each member, establish a local (x-y) coordinate system (L.C.S), with the left end
(beginning) of the member, and the x and y axes oriented in the horizontal (positive to
the right) and vertical (positive upward) directions, respectively.
4. Number the degrees of freedom and restrained coordinates of the beam elements and
nodes.
5. Evaluate the Overall Stiffness Matrix [k], and Fixed-End forces Vector {Pf}. The
number of rows & columns of [S] must be equal to the number of DOF of the structure.
For each element of the in-plane structure, perform the following operations:
a) Compute the Element stiffness matrix [ke] in (L.C.S) by apply the basic stiffness
equation, as follow:
a. {𝑓} = [𝑘 𝑒 ]{𝑒}.
b) Transform the force vector {𝑓} form (L.C.S) to {𝑃} in (G.C.S.) using
transformation matrix [A], as follow:
a. {𝑃} = [𝐴]{𝑓}.
c) Transform the deformation vector {𝑒}form (L.C.S) to {𝑋} (G.C.S.) using
transformation matrix [B], as follow:
a. {𝑒} = [𝐵]{𝑋}.
d) It is evident that matrix [B] is the transpose of matrix [A], therefore ;
a. {𝑒} = [𝐴]𝑇 {𝑋}.
e) Substituting step (d) in step (a), resulting in:
a. {𝑓} = [𝑘 𝑒 ][𝐴]𝑇 {𝑋}.
f) Substituting step (e) in step (b), resulting in:
a. {𝑃} = [𝐴][𝑘 𝑒 ][𝐴]𝑇 {𝑋}.
g) Inverting equation in step (f), resulting in:
a. {𝑋} = [[𝐴][𝑘 𝑒 ][𝐴]𝑇 ]−1 {𝑃}.
h) Store the element stiffness matrix, in (G.C.S.), [𝑘 𝑒 ] = [[𝐴][𝑘 𝑒 ][𝐴]𝑇 ]−1 , for each
element.
6. Assemble Overall Stiffness Matrix [K] for the System of in-plane structure. By
assembling the element stiffness matrices for each element in the in-plane structure,
using their proper positions in the in-plane structure Stiffness Matrix [K], and it must
be symmetric.
7. Compute the Joint load vector {Pj} for each joint of the in-plane structure.
29
8. Determine the structure joint displacements {X}. Substitute {P}, {Pe}, and [K] into the
structure stiffness relations, {𝑃𝑗 } = [𝐾]{𝑋} .and solve the resulting system of
simultaneous equations for the unknown joint displacements {X}.
9. Compute Element end displacement {e} and end forces {f}, and support reactions. For
each Element of the beam, as following:
10. Obtain Element end displacements {e} form the joint displacements {X}, using the
Element code numbers.
11. Compute Element end forces {f}, using the following relationship:
{𝑓} = [𝑘 𝑒 ]{𝑒}.
12. Using the Element code numbers, store the pertinent elements of {f}, in their proper
position in the Support Reaction Vector {R}
13. Check the calculation of the member end-forces and support reactions by applying the
Equation of Equilibrium to the free body of the entire in-plane structure;
∑𝑛𝑖=0 Fy = 0, ∑𝑛𝑖=0 Mz = 0
4.2 FLOW CHART OF COMPUTER PROGRAM
START
30
IN-PLANE STRUCTURE INPUT UNIT

For each element (1 → NE) of the In-plane Structure read the following:
Geometry of In-plane structure (x, y), Elastic properties (E, G, µ…),
Cross-section properties (Ag, Ix, rx, d, b, t…), and Boundary conditions (DOF)
INPUT UNIT FOR LOADING CONDITIONS

For each node (1 → NN) of the In-plane Structure read the following:
-Joint loads.
-Predefined displacements.
Build Element Stiffness

Matrix in G.C.S.
[ke] (I, ND, ND)
Re-correct
Assemble Overall Stiffness cross-section
Matrix of system [K] to satisfy
required
conditions
Solve for unknowns displacement {d}=[K]-1{d}
Yes
Is all
checks is
OK?
No
OUTPUT UNIT
Printout global displacement, in G.C.S.,
(Vertical, horizontal and rotations) (1→NN)
Evaluate Internal Forces, in L.C.S., of in-plane structure

elements: F (NE, 6). Then calculate Reaction forces
OUTPUT UNIT
Print Internal Forces, in L.C.S, (Axial Force, Sear Force,
and Bending Moment) for left and right side of each
element: (1→NE)
END
4.3 COMPUTER PROGRAM APPLICATION:

Two major case studies will be investigated to In the first case five different joist girder depth
will be investigated starting form (72”) to (80”).
31
4.3.1. First Case study:
Given A roof framing 36'-0" x 60"-0" bay (as shown bellow Figure). The following are the
service loads:
• Service Dead Load = 16 PSF

• Service Roof Live Load = 25 PSF
• Service Snow Load = 35 PSF
• Service Wind Uplift = -12 PSF
Required: design the joist girder that will carry a K series joist with maximum spacing of (6'-
0") center to center (based on metal roof deck). Assume the joist (28K6) accessories weights
is 10 PLF
Step 1: Determine joist girder depth and orientation:

Assuming that the K series joist are distributed equally parallel to the short dirction (36, for
higher strength) giving us a 10 even spaces (as shown bellow Figure).
Step 2: determine uniformly distributed service load (using ASD-IBC, load

combinations):
D + (W or 0.7E) + L + (Lr or S or R) Eq.(4.1)
where:
D = Dead Load
= 6’(16 PSF) + 10 PLF = 106 PLF
Lr = Roof Live Load
= 6’(25 PSF) = 150 PLF
S = Snow Load
= 6’(35 PSF) = 210 PLF
W = Wind Load
32
= 6’(-12 PSF) = -72 PLF
Applying Eq.(4.1), yields:

D + (W or 0.7E) + L + (Lr or S or R)= 106 + 210 = 316 PLF
Step 3: Determine 28K6 joist end reactions:
Joist end reaction = wL / 2

= (316 PLF)(36'−0") / 2
= 5688 lb.
= 5.7 KIPS → USE 6 kip
Step 4: depending on the provisions given by the SJI-2005(ASD) calculate the

following:
a) Determine number of actual joist spaces (N). In this Case, N = 10

b) Compute (total service load) concentrated load at top chord panel points
1. P = 6 kip.
c) Select Joist Girder depth:
I. Refer to the ASD Joist Girder Design Guide Weight Table for the 42'-0" span,
8 panel, 18.0K Joist Girder. The rule of about one inch of depth for each foot
of span is a good compromise of limited depth and economy. Therefore, select
a depth of 72 inches (slightly larger).
II. The Joist Girder will then be designated 72G10N6K JOIST GIRDER. Note
that the letter “K” is included at the end of the designation to clearly indicate
that this is a service load.
III. The ASD Joist Girder Design Guide Weight Table shows the weight for a
72G10N6K as 35 PLF. AS it appear (35<< 106 PLF) which verify that the
weight is not greater than the weight assumed in the Dead Load above.
d) Select a trail joist girder section for assumed depth;
I. Select 2L2.1/2x2.1/2x8/16 for chord members (top & bot.) Fig(4.1.b.a)
II. Select 2L2.x2.x6/16 for web members (diagonal).
e) Check live load deflection:

Live load = 960 PLF
I. Approximate Joist Girder moment of inertia
a. = 0.018 NPLd
b. = 0.018 x 10 x 6 x 60 x 72 = 4665.6 in.4
II. Allowable deflection for plastered ceilings
a. = L/360 = 2.0 in.
1.38 in. < 2.0 in., Okay**

** Live load deflection rarely governs because of the relatively small span-depth ratios of Joist Girders.
Step 5: apply calculated panel load with (P = 6 kip) into the computer program and
check internal forces and stresses with allowable limits given by AISC-89-ASD, as
follows;
33
Span (L)
P P P P P P P P P
Brick wall
Girder (0.25 x L) m
Brick wall Spacing Depth (D)
(0.25 x L) m Depth (S)
Fig.(4.1.a), Joist Girder layout
(a) Double angles (c) Double angles with (d) Channel section with (e) Circular section with triple
with opposite web single web bar joist opposite web angles joist opposite web angles joist
angles joist girder girder girder girder
Fig.(4.1.b), Different Joist Girder cross-sections

Fig.(4.1) In-plane structure layout
34
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
-0.1
-0.2
Displacements (in)
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
load case one
load case two
-0.6
load case three
load case four
-0.7 load case five
Joist Girder length (in)
Fig.(4.2) Vertical Displacement Diagram
0.03 load case one

load case two
load case three
0.02
load case four
load case five
0.01
Displacements (in)
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
Fig.(4.3) Horizontal Displacement Diagram
35
35 load case one

load case two
load case three
30 load case four
load case five
25
Force (kip)
20
15
10
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
Fig.(4.4) Compressive Forces Distribution
80 load case one

load case two
70 load case three
load case four
60
load case five
50
Force (kip)
40
30
20
10
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
Fig.(4.5) Tensile Forces Distribution
36
20
15
10
5
Stress (ksi)
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
-5
-10
-15
Allowable Compressive Stress
-20 Allowable Tensile Stress
load case one
load case two
-25 load case three
Joist Girder length (in) load case four
load case five
Fig.(4.6) Actual Axial Stresses Versus Allowable Stress
37
4.3.2. Second Case study:
Repeating same above design example but with different variable, i.e. variables Concentrated
Panel Loads will be investigated starting form (6 kip) to (8 kip);
Span (L)
P P P P P P P P P
Brick wall
Girder (0.25 x L) m
Brick wall Spacing Depth (D)
(0.25 x L) m Depth (S)
Fig.(4.7.a), Joist Girder layout
(a) Double angles (c) Double angles with (d) Channel section with (e) Circular section with triple
with opposite web single web bar joist opposite web angles joist opposite web angles joist
angles joist girder girder girder girder
Fig.(4.7.b), Different Joist Girder cross-sections
Fig.(4.7) In-plane structure layout
38
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
Displacements (in)
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
load case one
-0.9 load case two

load case three
-1 load case four
load case five
Fig.(4.8) Vertical Displacement Diagram
0.05 load case one

load case two
0.04 load case three
load case four
0.03
load case five
0.02
Displacements (in)
0.01
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04
-0.05
Fig.(4.9) Horizontal Displacement Diagram
39
45
40
35
30
Force (kip)
25
20
15
load case one
load case two
10
load case three
5 load case four

load case five
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
Fig.(4.10) Compressive Forces Distribution
120 load case one

load case two
load case three
100 load case four
load case five
80
Force (kip)
60
40
20
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
Fig.(4.11) Tensile Forces Distribution
40
20
15
10
5
Stress (ksi)
0
0 72 144 216 288 360 432 504 576 648 720
-5
-10
-15
Allowable Compressive Stress
-20 Allowable Tensile Stress
load case one
load case two
-25 load case three
Joist Girder length (in) load case four
load case five
Fig.(4.12) Actual Axial Stresses versus Axial Stresses
41

Analysis of Joist-Girder 2008 - Part - 4

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28 Analysis and Design of Joist Girder

4.1 PROGRAM PROCEDURE

4.2 FLOW CHART OF COMPUTER PROGRAM

IN-PLANE STRUCTURE INPUT UNIT

INPUT UNIT FOR LOADING CONDITIONS

Build Element Stiffness

Solve for unknowns displacement {d}=[K]-1{d}

Evaluate Internal Forces, in L.C.S., of in-plane structure

4.3 COMPUTER PROGRAM APPLICATION:

4.3.1. First Case study:

• Service Dead Load = 16 PSF

Step 1: Determine joist girder depth and orientation:

Step 2: determine uniformly distributed service load (using ASD-IBC, load

= 6’(-12 PSF) = -72 PLF

Applying Eq.(4.1), yields:

Step 3: Determine 28K6 joist end reactions:

Joist end reaction = wL / 2

Step 4: depending on the provisions given by the SJI-2005(ASD) calculate the

a) Determine number of actual joist spaces (N). In this Case, N = 10

e) Check live load deflection:

1.38 in. < 2.0 in., Okay**

Fig.(4.1.b), Different Joist Girder cross-sections

Fig.(4.2) Vertical Displacement Diagram

0.03 load case one

Fig.(4.3) Horizontal Displacement Diagram

35 load case one

Fig.(4.4) Compressive Forces Distribution

80 load case one

Fig.(4.5) Tensile Forces Distribution

Fig.(4.6) Actual Axial Stresses Versus Allowable Stress

4.3.2. Second Case study:

Fig.(4.7.b), Different Joist Girder cross-sections

Fig.(4.7) In-plane structure layout

-0.9 load case two

Fig.(4.8) Vertical Displacement Diagram

0.05 load case one

Fig.(4.9) Horizontal Displacement Diagram

5 load case four

Fig.(4.10) Compressive Forces Distribution

120 load case one

Fig.(4.11) Tensile Forces Distribution

Fig.(4.12) Actual Axial Stresses versus Axial Stresses

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