Module in

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
(Midterm Period)
SESSION TOPIC 6: VARIABLE TRANSFORMATION - Case 2
(Coefficients Linear in the Two Variables)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the session you will:

1. Learn how to solve first order DE with Coefficients Linear in the Two Variables.

KEY TERMS
Linear Coefficients ODE 1st Order DE Variable
Transformation

CORE CONTENT

COEFFICIENTS LINEAR IN THE TWO VARIABLES

• Consider the equation,
• (𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏! 𝑦 + 𝑐! )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑎" 𝑥 + 𝑏" 𝑦 + 𝑐" )𝑑y = 0 (1)
in which the 𝑎# 𝑠, 𝑏 # 𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 # 𝑠 are constants.

In connection with (1) consider the lines

𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏! 𝑦 + 𝑐! = 0
𝑎" 𝑥 + 𝑏" 𝑦 + 𝑐" = 0

They may be parallel or they may intersect.

There will not be two lines if 𝑎! and 𝑏! are zero or if 𝑎" and 𝑏" are zero, but equation (1) will
then be linear in one of its variables.

If the lines intersect, let the point of intersection be (ℎ, 𝑘). Then the translation
𝑥 = 𝑢 + ℎ, 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑢
𝑦 = 𝑣 + 𝑘, 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣
will transform the DE into
(𝑎! 𝑢 + 𝑏! 𝑣)𝑑𝑢 + (𝑎" 𝑢 + 𝑏" 𝑣)dv = 0

If the lines do not intersect, (𝑎! = 𝑎" , 𝑏! = 𝑏" ) let 𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏! 𝑦 = 𝑣

(𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏! 𝑦 + 𝑐! )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑎! 𝑥 + 𝑏! 𝑦 + 𝑐" )𝑑y = 0

MTHN31E F. CASTAÑADAY
 Example No. 1
• Solve (𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 4)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5)𝑑𝑦 = 0

MTHN31E F. CASTAÑADAY
MTHN31E F. CASTAÑADAY
 Example No. 2
• Solve(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑙𝑒𝑡 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 𝑣, 2𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑣

2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑑𝑦
!
𝑑𝑥 = " (𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑑𝑦)

(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0

1
@(𝑣 − 1) A B (𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑑𝑦) + (𝑣 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0C 2
2
(𝑣 − 1)(𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑑𝑦) + 2(𝑣 + 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑣𝑑𝑣 − 3𝑣𝑑𝑦 − 𝑑𝑣 + 3𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑣𝑑𝑦 + 4𝑑𝑦 = 0
(𝑣 − 1)𝑑𝑣 − (𝑣 − 7)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑣−1
EA B 𝑑𝑣 − E 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑣−7
6
E A1 + B 𝑑𝑣 − 𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑣−7
𝑣 + 6 ln(𝑣 − 7) − 𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑣 = 2𝑥 + 3𝑦
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6 ln(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7) − 𝑦 = 𝐶
[2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 6 ln(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7) = 𝐶]
2
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3 ln(2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7) = 𝐶 𝐴𝑁𝑆.

SELF ASSESSMENT

Problem Set 6
“COEFFICIENTS LINEAR IN THE TWO VARIABLES”

Name: ________________ SCORE: ______________

Major: ________________ Date: ________________

INSTRUCTIONS:
1. NUMBER THE PAGES OF YOUR WRITTEN WORK (USE YOUR D.E. NOTEBOOK).
2. PUT YOUR SURNAME, INITIALS, STUDENT NUMBER AND SIGNATURE ON EACH
PAGE
3. WRITE YOUR SOLUTIONS IN THE SAME ORDER THAT THEY APPEAR ON THE
QUESTION DOCUMENT (PROBSET FILE).
4. COMPILE AND UPLOAD, IN ONE PDF FILE ONLY, YOUR WRITTEN SOLUTIONS AS
EVIDENCE. ANY OTHER FILES (E.G. JPEG FILES) WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED.
NOTE: Since you will be using your notebook, take a photo of your solutions using a mobile APP (CamScanner,
Notebloc, etc.) or PC app. that converts photo to pdf format.

MTHN31E F. CASTAÑADAY
I. Find the General Solution of the following ODE.

1. (𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 9)𝑑𝑥 + (4𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2)𝑑𝑦 = 0

2. (𝑥 − 2)𝑑𝑥 + 4(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0

3. (9𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 4)𝑑𝑥 − (2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0

II. Given the ODE with initial conditions, find the particular solution of the following ODE.

4. (2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑑𝑥 + 3(𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(3) = 2

5. (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4)𝑑𝑥 − (3𝑥 − 𝑦 − 4)𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 4, 𝑦 = 1

REFERENCES

Rainville & Bedient, Elementary Differential Equations, 8th Edition, Pearson Educ., 2014

MTHN31E F. CASTAÑADAY