L-3/T-1/NAME Date: 11/09/2021

BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHAKA

L-3/T-I B.Sc. Engineering Examination January, 2021

Sub: NAME 323 (Resistance and Propulsion of Ships)

Full Marks: 210 Time 2 Hours 30 Minutes
The Figures in the margin indicate full marks
USE SEPARATE SCRIPTS FOR EACH SECTION
There are 4 pages in this question paper.

SECTION – A
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE
Symbols have their usual meanings
Assume reasonable values for any missing data.

1. (a) The momentum theory of propellers is said to be based on correct fundamental (10)
principles while the blade element theory is said to rest on observed facts. Explain
the statement.
(b) The expanded blade widths of a three-bladed propeller of diameter 4.0 m and (25)

pitch ratio 0.9 are as follows (where X is the last two digits of your Student ID):

r/R 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
c (mm) 1477 1658 1808 1917 1750+5X 1959 1834 1497 0

Find the expanded and projected blade area ratios of the propeller. Assume that
the root section is at 0.2R, the blade outline is symmetrical and the blade sections
are flat faced.

2. (a) How the propeller and hull of a ship interact with each other? (10)
(b) A four-bladed propeller of diameter 5.0 m and constant face pitch ratio 0.800 (25)
is advancing through undisturbed water at a speed of (8+X/10) and 120 rpm. The
blades are composed of radial sections all of which have a chord of 1.0 m, a lift
coefficient of 0.1097 per degree angle of attack (measured from the no lift line),
a no-lift angle of 2.0 degrees and a lift-drag ratio of 40. The root section is at
0.2R. Calculate the thrust, torque and efficiency of the propeller considering the
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axial inflow factor as 0.225 and the rotational inflow factor as 0.016. Where, X
is the last two digits of your Student ID.

3. (a) Describe the vortex system of a wing. How is this vortex system related to the (20)
vortex system of a propeller?
(b) Discuss the condition in which a propeller has the highest efficiency for a (15)
given speed of advance and revolution rate.

4 (a) How does cavitation affect the performance of a marine propeller? (10)
(b) The areas of blade sections at various radii of a propeller of 4.0 m diameter (25)
are as follows (where X is the last two digits of your Student ID):

r/R 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Area 0.0551 0.04+X/100 0.0843 0.0807 0.0791 0.0638 0.0458 0.0268 0
(m2)

The propeller runs at 180 rpm. The propeller is made of Manganese Bronze with
a density of 8500 kg/m3. Determine the centrifugal force on the blade if the root
section is at O.2R. If the centroid of the section is at distances of 0.250 m and
0.045 m from the line of action of the centrifugal force measured parallel and
perpendicular to the propeller axis, determine the bending moments due to rake
and skew.

SECTION – B
There are FOUR questions in this section. Answer any THREE
Symbols have their usual meanings
Assume reasonable values for any missing data.

5. (a) Name the components of total hull resistance in calm water. Distinguish the (10)
components dominating at slow speeds and at high speeds.
(b) Draw a schematic diagram of bow and stern wave systems for a ship and also (10)
mention the types of waves.
(c) A ship 440ft long has a speed of 16 knots. Find the value of frictional
resistance Rf if the kinetic viscosity  = 1.264  10-5 and the wetted surface area
is 34,100 ft2. What is the value of Froude number Fn? (15)
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6. (a) Define laminar and turbulent flows and also draw a typical flow pattern (15)
around a ship’s hull showing laminar and turbulent flows.
(b) A new class of supply ship is being tested in the towing tank. The ship has a (20)
length of 680 ft and the model is built to a scale factor of 29.57. (i) What is the
length of the model? (ii) The ship has a maximum speed of 20 knots. What speed
must the model be towed in order to achieve partial dynamic similarity? (iii)
What is the purpose of towing tank testing?
7. (a) A ship with a drive train system as shown in Fig. for Q. No. 3(a) has the (15)
following mechanical efficiencies:

Reduction Gear ηgear = 95%

Bearings/Seal/Strut ηshaft = 98%
Calculate the power delivered to the propeller if the prime mover is producing
10,000 brake horsepower.

Fig. for Q. No. 3(a)

(b) A destroyer has length, breadth and draft of 383 ft, 40.4 ft and 13.2 ft (20)
respectively. The displacement in salt water is 3100 tons and the wetted surface
area is 17000 ft2. At a speed of 35 knots the effective horse power is 29,900.

Calculate (i) the ratio of viscous resistance to total resistance for the ship
(ii) the ratio of viscous resistance to total resistance for the model
(iii) the total resistance in lbs. of the model at the corresponding
speed if the model is 20 ft long.

8. (a) Why are the humps and hollows in the curve of total hull resistance? Sketch (15)
and label this curve.
(b) A ship has a speed of 25.0 knots when its propeller of 5.0 diameter has an (20)
rpm of 150 and produces a thrust 500 KN at a delivered power of 5650 KW. The
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resistance of the ship at 25.0 knots is 390 KN and the open water characteristics
of the propeller are as follows:

J 0.500 0.550 0.600 0.650 0.700

KT 0.174 0.154 0.133 0.110 0.850
KQ 0.274 0.225 0.198 0.173 0.147

Using (i) thrust identity and (ii) torque identity, determine the wave fraction, the
thrust deduction fraction the relative rotative efficiency and the open water
efficiency.