01.

09 Third Declension Production:

It is important for you to recognize the patterns in the cases among the three declensions.

1. What similarity do all the accusative singulars of all three declensions share?

All accusative singular endings in declensions 1-3 end with a “m”.

2. What similarity do all the accusative plurals of all three declensions share?

All accusative plural endings in declensions 1-3 end with an “s” except for the neuters.

3. What similarity do all the genitive plurals of all three declensions share?

All genitive plural endings in declensions 1-3 end with “um”.

4. What cases does -is indicate in first and second declension? In third declension? How
will you tell the difference?

“-is” indicates cases Dative and Ablative in the first and second declension. Dative is
usually followed by showing, telling, or giving, whereas ablative is preceded by means or by
agent.

5. What similarity do you notice about the dative and ablative plural in all three
declensions?

They’re all the same and include i’s in their endings.

Now, let's apply what we have reviewed.

6. A noun whose genitive ends in -ae is in first declension, and the genitive singular of all second
declension nouns ends in “i”.

7. The genitive singular ending of third declension nouns is “is”.

8. The dictionary entry for a noun begins with the nominative singular case.

9. The next listing in the dictionary entry is the genitive singular case.

10. Next in the dictionary entry is the gender, and finally is the English definition.

Part II: Use this dictionary section to answer the questions that follow.

First Second Third

laboro, laborare, laboravi, latus, lata, latum, wide labor, laboris, m. work, hardship
laboratus, work
laudo, laudare, laudavi , laudatus, liber, libri, m. book
praise lego, legere, legi, lectus, choose,
gather, read

lavo, lavare, lavi, lautus, wash, liberi, liberorum, m. (pl) children lex, legis, f. law
bathe

libero, liberare, liberavi , libertas, libertatis, f. freedom,

liberatus, free locus, loci, m. place (neuter in liberty
the plural)

lingua, linguae, f. tongue, lux, lucis, f. light

language ludus, ludi, m. game, school

littera, litterae, f. (s) letter of the

alphabet, (pl) letter you write,
letters
longus, longa, longum, long
liber, libera, liberum, free

1. Which noun/nouns in the list above belong to the first declension?

2. Which noun/nouns in the list above belong to the second declension?

3. Which noun/nouns in the list above belong to third declension?

4. Give the stem for the third declension nouns in the list above?

- lab
- leg
- lex
- libert
- lux

6. Decline one of the third declension nouns.

labor, laboris, m. work, hardship

3rd Declension Singular Plural

Nominative

Masculine -varied labes

Feminine -varied labes

Neuter -varied laba or labia

3rd Declension Genitive Singular Plural

Masculine labis labum

Feminine labis labum

Neuter labis labum or labium

3rd Declension Dative Singular Plural

Masculine labi labibus

Feminine labi labibus

Neuter labi labibus

3rd Declension Singular Plural

Accusative

Masculine labem labes

Feminine labem labes

Neuter varied laba or labia