Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HI8:CIJGNH@>AAHA:6GC>C<
#6HB>C6&6>G8
(52'D216@5'05<<9<3!6/?.?F.;1
;3<?:.A6<;'062;02
);6C2?@6AF<3<?H@
DGQH ,L:9:C
?6HB>C6B6G>8=7H:
%&$&1 !* '') ')&'&** $&# . ! *,*+* + + B6CJ6A 6C9 GDJI>C: ?D7H IDL6G9H CDC
GDJI>C: >CI:GE:GHDC6A
#)%!% % )#-%+ % +!- . !# + + *$ +!$ 6C9 6C6ANI>86A ?D7H 0: A>K: >C 6 I>B: L=:G: C6I>DC6A 6C9
#!-)!%*"!##*+&+ &*. &#)% $&+!-+!&% !%+ !* HD8>6A 7DG9:GH 9D CDI B:6C L=6I I=:N JH:9 ID 6C9 L=:C
)*) #!*!%+ ++ +.%%.+ !%'')& * 8DBBJC>86I>DC6C98DDE:G6I>DC=6EE:CH>BJAI6C:DJHAN6C9
+& *,**,##0 ')') &,) 0&,%*+ &) + *+ %+,)0 <AD76AAN DK:G I=: IG69>I>DC6A CDI>DC D; HE68: 6C9 I>B: 45
)&, (,%+!++!- % (,#!++!- $!/$+ &* 88:EI>C< I=6I I=: HNC:G<N D; I=:H: ILD EDL:G;JA ;DG8:H T
'')& . #&&" + + +* & *'!!##0 +!#&) C:L 8DBBJC>86I>DC 6C9 8DDE:G6I>DC EG68I>8:H T HIGDC<AN
*!%&,)*&%(,!*!+!&%*&$!**!%*+%+,)0*"!##*.!+ 6;;:8IHDJG8JGG:CI:9J86I>DC6A;G6B:LDG@H >CI=>HLDG@L:
&,) *+,%+* ).!% )&$ + !)%+ *!%+!! )*)
688:EII=:C::9;DG8=6C<:>CDJG8JGG:CI:9J86I>DC6C96>B
/')!%*+ !*'')##*&)),%)2*
*&)(,!*!+!&%&
*&)
*3 *$&#&)&%+$'&))0#)%!%
ID8DC8:EIJ6A>H::9J86I>DC6AEG68I>8:HC:8:HH6GNID;DHI:GHI
8:CIJGNH@>AAH-=>HA:69HJHIDI=:)GD7A:B,I6I:B:CI),
+)"$%,%&!&'$+% %*#$!& $!!%'%&! ), !DL 86C L: >BEGDK: HIJ9:CIH HI 8:CIJGN H@>AAH
%"&+ 68FJ>H>I>DCI=GDJ<=DJGI:68=>C<
" "'-+(.-"(' -=:HE:8>;>8;D8JHD;I=>HLDG@>HI=::9J86I>DC6AEG68I>8:
HL:A>K:>CI=::G6D;6JB6CXH96>B61:<12?;6AF45 6II=:.C>K:GH>IND;DGQH>CI=:0:7DCI:CI&6C6<:B:CI
HD8>:IN8=6G68I:G>H:97NG6E>98=6C<: L=:G:C:LI:8=CDAD<N 6C9 :H><C EGD<G6B -=: E6E:G EGDEDH:H 8=6C<:H ID
<G69J6AAN HJ7HI>IJI:H IG69>I>DC6A B6CJ6A A67DJG A>I:G6IJG: :9J86I>DC6A EG68I>8:H 76H:9 DC G:A:K6CI A>I:G6IJG: 6C9
86AAH ;DG C:L 8G:6I>K: 6C9 >CCDK6I>K: LDG@:GH 45 ':L 6C6ANH>HD;HIJ9:CIHX;::9768@6;I:GJC9:G<D>C<HE:8>;>86AAN
I:8=CDAD<>86A68=>:K:B:CIHH=6E:I=:;JIJG:LDG@EA68:6C9 I6>ADG:9.19:H><C8DJGH:
G:FJ>G:6C:LH:ID;H@>AAH-D7:67A:ID:;;:8I>K:AN8DBE:I: 'A?B0AB?2<3A52=.=2?
>CI=:<AD76A:8DCDBN =DA9>C;DGB6I>DC
6<:?D7H :BEADN::H
-=:E6E:G8DCH>HIHD;;>K:H:8I>DCH,:8I>DCEGDK>9:H6C
D;I=:HI8:CIJGNBJHI7:EGDK>9:9L>I=G:A:K6CI:9J86I>DC
6C9 IG6>C>C< :H>9: 76H>8 H@>AAH BD9:GC :BEADN::H 6G: >CIGD9J8I>DCIDI=:IDE>8&DG:DK:G I=:EGD7A:BHI6I:B:CI>H
:ME:8I:9 ID 7: A>;:
ADC< A>;:
L>9: A:6GC:GH D; 8DCHI6CIAN 9:;>C:9"C,:8I>DCI=::M6B>C6I>DCD;I=:A>I:G6IJG:DCHI
8=6C<>C< I:8=CDAD<>:H 8G:6I>K: I:6B LDG@:GH 86E67A: D; 8:CIJGNH@>AAH>H<>K:CD8JH>C<DCI=:;DJC96I>DC6AFJ:HI>DC
9::EI=>C@>C< 6C9<DD98DBBJC>86IDGH>C8GDHH
8JAIJG6A6C9 D;L=6IHIJ9:CIHC::9ID@CDL L>I=6C:M6B>C6I>DCD;I=:
>C8GDHH
B:9>6H:II>C<HI=6I8DCI>CJDJHAN9:6AL>I=AD69HD; A>I:G6IJG: I=>H G:H:6G8= 6>BH ID 6GG>K: 6I 6 HNCI=:H>H D; 6AA
>C;DGB6I>DC45 45,8>:CI>;>8G:HJAIHED>CI6II=:C::9;DG6 >9:CI>;>:9HI8:CIJGNA:6GC>C<;G6B:LDG@H,:8I>DC9G6LH
VEAJ<6C9EA6NWLDG@>C<;DG8: ;JIJG::BEADN::HI=6IL>AA7: ;GDBI=:6C6ANH>HL>I=DJGHIJ9:CIH6C99:BDCHIG6I:HI=:HI
67A: ID 696EI 6C9 E:G;DGB L>I=DJI BJ8= IG6>C>C< 45 ,J8= 8:CIJGNH@>AAHI=:NC::9"C,:8I>DCL:EG:H:CII=:G:HJAIH
G:FJ>G:B:CIH EJI :CDGBDJH EG:HHJG: DC 8JGG:CI :9J86I>DC 6C9I=:6C6ANH>HAHD I=:6CHL:GIDI=:EGD7A:BHI6I:B:CI
HNHI:BH6C96EEGD68=:H6H@>C<;DG9:K:ADEB:CID;8DBEA:M >H D;;:G:9 C8DBE6HH>C< B>HH>C< HI 8:CIJGN H@>AAH 7N
I=>C@>C< H@>AAH HJ8= 6H EGD7A:B
HDAK>C< 8G>I>86A I=>C@>C< 8DJGH: 9:H><C 6 EGDEDH6A ;DG C:L :9J86I>DC6A EG68I>8:H >H
8DBBJC>86I>DC 8DAA67DG6I>DC 6C9 H:A;
B6C6<:B:CI 45 <>K:CID;DHI:GC:LH@>AAHC::9:9>C6AAN ,:8I>DCEGDK>9:H
.C>K:GH>I>:H 6C9L::9J86IDGH6G:JC9:GEG:HHJG:ID8DBEAN 8DC8AJH>DCH
L>I=HJ8=HI6C96G9H6C9EGDBDI::M8>I>C<A:6GC>C<68I>K>I>:H
I=6ILDJA9G:HJAI>C68FJ>H>I>DCD;8DBEA:MH@>AAH45 "" ,-'-.+2,$"%%,*.","-"('
"CI=>HE6E:GL:EG:H:CI6C96C6ANH:8=6C<:H>CIGD9J8:9 ':LB:9>6:G6=6H>CHE>G:9;6HI<GDLI=D;G:H:6G8=6GDJC9
>C 6 C:LAN 9:H><C:9 8DJGH: 6G<J>C< I=6I I:68=>C< 6C9 I=: >9:6 I=6I C:L 8:CIJGN :9J86I>DC G:FJ>G:H C:L L6NH D;
A:6GC>C< HI 8:CIJGN H@>AAH 8DJA9 7: 6 K:GN :;;:8I>K: 6C9 A:6GC>C< !DL:K:G :K:C H8>:CI>;>8 A>I:G6IJG: 68@CDLA:9<:H
EA:6HJG67A: 68I>K>IN ,I>AA 7:;DG: L: 6GG>K: 6I I=: EGDEDH:9 I=6IID96NHHIJ9:CIH6G:9>;;:G:CI;GDBI=:HIJ9:CIH;GDBI=:
BD9:AI=6I86I:GHIDI=:68FJ>H>I>DCD;HI8:CIJGNH@>AAH L: E6HI45 6C9I=6IDJGH8=DDA>C<HNHI:BH6G:CDI86I:G>C<;DG
L>AA ;>GHI ADD@ 6I I=: EG:H:CI ID JC9:GHI6C9 L=6I L: =6K: I=:C::9H6C99:B6C9HG:FJ>G:9;DGI=:8DBEA:MH@>AAHD;I=:
68=>:K:9HD;6G BD9:GC LDG@EA68: 45 6C9 4
5 I=:G: >H CD 8DCH:CHJH
%?</92:@A.A2:2;A G:68=:9DCL=6IHI8:CIJGNH@>AAH6G:
-=:HI6GI>C<ED>CI>CI=>HE6E:G>HI=:68@CDLA:9<:B:CI
D; I:8=C>86A 69K6C8:B:CI L=>8= >CIGD9J8:9 I=: H=>;I ;GDB
Authorized licensed use limited to: Qatar Foundation (Qatar National Library). Downloaded on December 20,2021 at 07:52:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
%DD@>C< ;DG 8DCH:CHJH B6CN >CHI>IJI>DCH 6C9 H8=DA6GH L: ;G:FJ:CIAN ;6>A ID >BEA:B:CI HIG6I:<>:H ;DG HI 8:CIJGN
LDG@:9DCDG<6C>H>C<HI8:CIJGNH@>AAH4506<C:G45 H@>AAH 68FJ>H>I>DC -D DK:G8DB: I=>H EGD7A:B 6C9 7:II:G
EGDEDH:9 H:K:C @B?C6C.9 @8699@ I=6I HIJ9:CIH C::9 8G>I>86A EG:E6G: DJG HIJ9:CIH DJG 8DAA:6<J:H 45 D;;:G I>EH ;DG
I=>C@>C<6C9EGD7A:B
HDAK>C<8DAA67DG6I>DC6C9A:69:GH=>E :9J86IDGH B6@: >I G:A:K6CI I:68= I=GDJ<= I=: 9>H8>EA>C:H
6<>A>IN 6C9 696EI67>A>IN >C>I>6I>K: 6C9 :CIG:EG:C:JG>6A>HB 9:K:ADE I=>C@>C< H@>AAH :C8DJG6<: A:6GC>C< IG6CH;:G I:68=
:;;:8I>K: DG6A 6C9 LG>II:C 8DBBJC>86I>DC 688:HH>C< 6C9 HIJ9:CIH =DL ID A:6GC 699G:HH B>HJC9:GHI6C9>C<H 9>G:8IAN
6C6ANH>C< >C;DGB6I>DC 6C9 8JG>DH>IN 6C9 >B6<>C6I>DC -=: IG:6II:6BLDG@6H6CDJI8DB: :MEAD>II:8=CDAD<NIDHJEEDGI
6C6ANH>HD;&:IO456C9C6C>69DJ6C9A6GD456G:>CA>C: A:6GC>C< 6C9;DHI:G8G:6I>K>IN
EGDEDH>C< 8DG: HJ7?:8I @CDLA:9<: ;A:M>7>A>IN 696EI67>A>IN
"CDG9:GID6C6ANH:=DLDJGI:68=>C<EG68I>8:H6I-=:,L:9>H=
6C9 >CCDK6I>DC 8G>I>86A I=>C@>C< 8G:6I>K>IN 6C9 EGD7A:B
,8=DDA D; %>7G6GN 6C9 "C;DGB6I>DC ,8>:C8: HJEEDGI
HDAK>C< 8DAA67DG6I>DC 69K6C8:9 8DBBJC>86I>DC 8GDHH
B:I68D<C>I>DC6G:I=:BDHI;G:FJ:CII:GBH
8JAIJG6A H:II>C<H JC:6H>C:HH
HIJ9:CIH 6G: CDI ;::A>C<
9B>II>C< I=6I I=:G: L:G: B6CN 6II:BEIH ID 9:;>C: 6C9 A>HI 8DB;DGI67A: >C 8GDHH
8JAIJG6A H:II>C<H C<A>H= G:69>C<
HI8:CIJGNH@>AAHL:EGDEDH:=:G:$:G:A>J@:I6A456HDC: 9>;;>8JAI>:H
HIJ9:CIHC::9ADC<:GI>B:IDG:696C9JC9:GHI6C9
D; I=: BDHI 8DBEG:=:CH>K: DK:GK>:LH D; L=6I >H B:6CI 7N I=6C 6K:G6<: CDC
C6I>K: G:69:G C::9H H6;: <GDJE LDG@
HI8:CIJGN@CDLA:9<: H@>AAH 6C9A:6GC>C<-=:>GBD9:A>H H:II>C<HEG:;:G:C8:
>;LDG@>C<<GDJEH6G:G6C9DBAN6GG6C<:9
76H:9DC8DBE6G>HDCD;9>;;:G:CIE:GHE:8I>K:H>CG:EDGIH 7NA:8IJG:GH DG7N6HD;IL6G: 68:GI6>CA:K:AD;JC:6H>C:HH>H
6C9 7DD@H $:G:A>J@ 6C9 8DAA:6<J:H 45 >9:CI>;>:9 I=G:: :MEG:HH:9 JC8DB;DGI67A: L>I= HEDCI6C:DJH K:G76A
7GD6986I:<DG>:HL>I=I=G::HJ786I:<DG>:HL>I=>CI=:B-=: 6G<JB:CI6I>DC 6C9 6KD>9 =DC:HI E::G 6HH:HHB:CI
I=G:: 7GD69 86I:<DG>:H 6G: DJC96I>DC6A $CDLA:9<:
6AI=DJ<=I=:A>I:G6IJG:HJ<<:HIHI=6II=:G:6G:69K6CI6<:H>C
9><>I6A"- A>I:G68N 8DG: 8DCI:CI @CDLA:9<: 8GDHH
E::GG:K>:L:GH7:>C<>9:CI>;>:97:86JH:HIJ9:CIHC::9IDA:6GC
9>H8>EA>C6GN@CDLA:9<:!JB6C>HI>8$CDLA:9<:
A>;:?D7 ID<>K::68=DI=:G=DC:HI6C98DCHIGJ8I>K:;::9768@ >IH::BH
H@>AAH :I=>86A:BDI>DC6A6L6G:C:HH 8JAIJG6A8DBE:I:C8: I=6IDJGHIJ9:CIH6G:CDIL:AAEG:E6G:9IDB6@:8G>I>86A6C9
&:I6 $CDLA:9<:
8G:6I>K>IN 6C9 >CCDK6I>DC EGD7A:B 8DCHIGJ8I>K:8DBB:CIHL=:CI=:N6G:CDI6CDCNBDJH
HDAK>C< 6C9 8G>I>86A I=>C@>C< 8DBBJC>86I>DC 6C9
0=:C 6EEAN>C< $:G:A>J@ :I 6A H 45 BD9:A DC I=:H:
8DAA67DG6I>DC
>9:CI>;>:9EGD7A:BH L:=6K:6GG>K:96II=:;DAADL>C<B>HH>C<
8GDHH 9>;;:G:CI ;G6B:LDG@H 6C9 H8>:CI>;>8 A>I:G6IJG: >I >H HI 8:CIJGN H@>AAH >CI:G9>H8>EA>C6GN @CDLA:9<: IG6CH;:G
<:C:G6AAN 6<G::9 I=6I 6AA HI 8:CIJGN H@>AAH 9:;>C>I>DCH 6G: 9>;;>8JAI>:H
A68@D;8GDHH
9>H8>EA>C6GN@CDLA:9<: 8GDHH
Authorized licensed use limited to: Qatar Foundation (Qatar National Library). Downloaded on December 20,2021 at 07:52:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
5.;46;40<B?@212@64; <GDJEJG>C<
L::@H I=:G:L:G:LG>II:C DG6A 6C9
:A>:K>C< >C I=: EDL:G;JA >9:6 I=6I 7N VI:68=>C< ID96NXH EGD<G6BB>C<:M6B>C6I>DCH
HIJ9:CII=:H6B:L6N6HL:I=DJ<=IN:HI:G96NXH L:GD7I=:B ':.99 <;96;2 <3396;2 4?<B= =?</92:/.@21
D;IDBDGGDLWL=>8=L6H8D>C:9768@>CB>9
I=8:CIJGN7N 0<99./<?.A6<;
#D=C :L:N 4
5 6C9 ID HJEEAN DJG HIJ9:CIH L>I= BDG:
DBBJC>86I>DC6C98DAA67DG6I>DCL>I=>C9>K:GH:<GDJEH6G:
8=6C8:H ID 68FJ>G: C:8:HH6GN HI 8:CIJGN HJE:G H@>AAH L:
D; I=: JIBDHI >BEDGI6C8: >C 6 <AD76A>H:9 8JAIJG: 6C9
=6K:HI6GI:97N8=6C<>C<I=:8DJGH:9:H><C-=:8=6C<:H6G:
:8DCDBN-=:H:H@>AAH6G:I=JH8>I:96H:HH:CI>6AH@>AAH;DGI=:
76H:9 DC I=: G:HJAIH G:EDGI:9 >C E:96<D<>86A G:H:6G8= ;DG
HI 8:CIJGN LDG@>C< :CK>GDCB:CI 45 -=:G:;DG: >C I=>H
:M6BEA:H::45 45 45 45 45 45 45 456C9
8DJGH: HIJ9:CIHLDG@:9>CHB6AA<GDJEH D;6B>C>BJBD;
6G:6A><C:96ADC<$:G:A>J@XH:I6A45HNCI=:H>H
6C96B6M>BJBD;B:B7:GH
,IGDC<AN 6<G::>C< L>I= )G:CH@N 45 I=6I L: C::9 C:L
GDJE LDG@ >H 6 L>9:AN 688:EI:9 B:I=D9 ;DG A:6GC>C< HI
8JGG>8JA6IDG:;DGBE:96<D<NID;D8JHDCHIJ9:CIHXG:6A
A>;:
8:CIJGNH@>AAH45 45 6C94
5NLDG@>C<>CG6C9DBAN
68=>:K:B:CIH L: 8G:6I:9 I=: 8DJGH: 8JGG>8JAJB I=6I
8=DH:C>CI:GC6I>DC6A<GDJEH HIJ9:CIH8DDE:G6I:L>I=E:DEA:
HE:8>;>86AANI6G<:IHHI8:CIJGNH@>AAH68FJ>H>I>DC-=>C@>C<D;
D; 9>;;:G:CI 8JAIJG6A 768@<GDJC9H -=JH I=:N 7GD69:C 6C9
6C:L8JGG>8JAJB6HCDI8DBEA:I:ANEG:8>H:6C9EG:
H:I L:
9::E:CHD8>6AH@>AAHX=DG>ODCH6C9EG68I>8:ID696EIID;JIJG:
DEI:9 ;DG I=: K:GH>DC I=6I 6AADLH 6C9 :C8DJG6<:H 8G:6I>K:
9>K:GH: LDG@>C< :CK>GDCB:CIH "C DI=:G LDG9H HIJ9:CIH
>CI:G68I>K: IG6CH;DGB6I>DCH 45 >B>C< ID :MEADG: I=:
EG68I>8:8DBBJC>86I>DCDJIH>9:D;6L:AA
@CDLC H6;:HD8>6A
:;;:8IHD;:ME:G>:CI>6AA:6GC>C<45DCH68FJ>H>I>DC L:
G:6AB6C9IG6>CHD8>6AH@>AAH
=6K: 8G:6I:9 I6H@H 76H:9 DC GJC:GH H :C<6<:B:CI
:MEADG6I>DC :MEA6C6I>DC :A67DG6I>DC 6C9:K6AJ6I>DC45>C 5.;46;40<B?@212@64;
I=:G:6A
A>;::CK>GDCB:CI "CB6CN8DJGH:HD;DJGEGD<G6B L:JH:DG6AEG:H:CI6I>DC6C9
(52A.@8.;1A520<B?@2@A?B0AB?2 E::G
6HH:HHB:CI 6H 6 E:96<D<>86A IDDA 88DG9>C< ID
A>I:G6IJG: 6E::G6HH:HHB:CI>H6L>9:AN688:EI:9B:I=D9;DG
II:BEI>C<IDA:6GC6C9JC9:GHI6C9HDB:I=>C<C:L>C<G:6I:G
9:K:ADE>C< A>;:ADC< A:6GC:GH L=D 6G: 86E67A: D; 8G>I>86A
9:EI=>HCDI6A>C:6GEGD8:HH"CHJ8=6EGD8:HHI=:DC:L=D>H
I=>C@>C<6C9H:A;
:K6AJ6I>DC45-=:8=6C<:H>CIGD9J8:9ID
A:6GC>C< JH:H 7DI= >IH EG>DG :ME:G>:C8: 6C9 C:LAN 68FJ>G:9
I=>H8DJGH:>HIDJH:DG6A9>H8JHH>DCL=:G:6HIJ9:CIH:C<6<:
@CDLA:9<: 6C98DJEA:H>IL>I=I=:@CDLA:9<:<6>C:9;GDB
>C8G>I>86AI=>C@>C< 9:;>C>C<HE:8>;>8FJ:HI>DCHI=6I><C>I:EGD
C:L :MEADG6I>DCH >C6AAN I=: 9:K:ADEB:CI D; 8DC8:EIJ6A
:I8DCIG69>H8JHH>DC 7HIJ9:CIH6G:<G69:9;DGI=>HHE:8>;>8
JC9:GHI6C9>C< =6EE:CH I=GDJ<= 9>H8JHH>DCH 6C9 8G:6I>K:
:M6B>C6I>DC BDB:CI 6C9 8 HIJ9:CIH 9:A>K:G LG>II:C E::G
:;;DGIH
6HH:HHB:CI
-=:G:;DG: I=:I6H@>CI=:.19:H><C8DJGH:L6H9:H><C:97N
>GHI ID9:A>K:G6<DD9 ;D8JH:9FJ:HI>DC HIJ9:CIHBJHI;>C9
I6@>C< I=: :M6BEA: ;GDB I=: G:6A
A>;: L:7
EGD9J8I>DC
:M>HI>C<DGH>B>A6G:M6BEA:H>CI=:>C9JHIGNIDHJEEDGII=:>G
>C9JHIGN,IJ9:CIHL:G:6H@:9ID9:H><C.1;DGHE:8>;>8JH:GH
8=D>8:H -=>H >H 6CDI=:G A:K:A D; A:6GC>C< ID A:6GC L=:G:
I=6I 6G: ID 688DBEA>H= 6 HE:8>;>8 I6H@ DC I=: L:7 &DG:
HIJ9:CIH LDG@ DC 7:C8=B6G@>C< G:H:6G8= DC IG:C9H >C I=:
HE:8>;>86AAN I=:N L:G: G:FJ>G:9 ID 9:H><C 6 L:7
76H:9
L:79:H><C>C9JHIGN;;:8I>K:DG6A8DBBJC>86I>DCL6HA>HI:9
A:6GC>C<IDDAI=6IL>AA=:AEJH:GHJC9:GHI6C968=6C<:H>CI=:
768@>C
6HDC:D;06<C:GXHHJGK>K>C<H@>AAH"CH>HI>C<DC
8A>B6I: 8=6C<: DG 7 I=: 8=6C<:H DC I=: 8GNEID8JGG:C8N
JH>C< G:6A
A>;: L:7 >C9JHIGN :M6BEA:H 6C9 7:C8=B6G@>C<
B6G@:IDG6CNI6H@8=DH:C 7:>C<>I6DG7 I=:H:8DC9
=:AEH HIJ9:CIH ID <:I 8ADH:G ID I=: >9:6 D; 7:8DB>C< 6 L:7
G:FJ>G:B:CI L6H ID 8=DDH: I=: HE:8>;>8 I6G<:I <GDJE -D
>C9JHIGN EGD;:HH>DC6A ME:G>:C8>C< 7DI= GDA:H 45 7N
9:K:ADE6L:7
76H:9IDDA;DGI6H@6HIJ9:CIHL:G:67A:ID
7:8DB>C<I=:EGD;:HH>DC6AH45DC9>;;:G:CIH>9:HD;I=:L:7
8=DDH: ;GDB I=: ;DAADL>C< I6G<:I <GDJEH :A:B:CI6GN
9:K:ADEB:CIEGD9J8I>DCHE:8IGJB
DC:GDA:L=:CI=:N6G:
H8=DDAL=DC::9IDDAID:MEA6>CI=:>GHIJ9:CII=::;;:8IHD;
.1 9:H><C:GH 6C9 I=: DI=:G L=:C I=:N 6G: .1 9:H><C
8A>B6I: 8=6C<: :MEA6>C I=: 8A>B6I: 8=6C<: :;;:8IH ID 6
:K6AJ6IDGH =:AEHHIJ9:CIHIDG:A:6H:;GDBI:CH>DCH>CIGD9J8:9
<GDJE D; HJE:G
G>8= >C9JHIG>6A>HIH L=D 6G: 8A>B6I: 8=6C<:
7N;68:
ID
;68:E::G6HH:HHB:CI45
9:C>:GH6C9DHBDEDA>I6C6GI>8A:EJ7A>H=:9DCI=:L:7ID
:MEA6>C I=:>G G:69:GH I=: :;;:8IH D; 8A>B6I: 8=6C<: -D !:G:6<6>C L:6>B:9;DGHI=6IH=DJA986I:G;DG$>KJC?6XH
9:K:ADE6L:7
76H:9IDDA;DGI6H@7I=:NL:G:D;;:G:9I=: H456C9HIJ9:CIHEG68I>8:I=>C@>C<H@>AAHL=>A:;DHI:G>C<
;DAADL>C<I6G<:I<GDJEH"-:C<>C::GHLDG@>C<>C/DAKD"- 8G:6I>K>IN45-=:86E67>A>INIDIG6CH;:G@CDLA:9<:68FJ>G:9
L=D L6CI ID >CK:HI >C 8GNEID8JGG:C8>:H I:68=:GH D; >CDC:8DCI:MI6C96EEAN>I>C6CDI=:G>H86AA:99::EA:6GC>C<
N7:G<NB6CH>:I L=D C::9 6 IDDA ID :MEA6>C I=:>G HIJ9:CIH 6C9>HJH:9>CA>I:G6IJG:6H6<DD9IDDA;DG=:AE>C<HIJ9:CIH
8GNEID8JGG:C8NB6G@:I6C9 6<GDJED;G:I>G:9LDB:CL=D 7:8DB: >C9:E:C9:CI 45 "I >H 6AHD 8DCH>9:G:9 6H 6 FJ>I:
9:8>9:9ID>CK:HII=:>GG:I>G:B:CIEA6C>C8GNEID8JGG:C8N >BEDGI6CIH@>AA;DGA>K>C<>CI=:HI8:CIJGN45
-=: I6H@ H=DJA9 =6K: 7::C 9:A>K:G:9 I=GDJ<= I=: >I:G6I>K: "CI=:C:MIH:8I>DC L:EG:H:CII=:HIJ9:CIHX:K6AJ6I>DCD;I=:
9:K:ADEB:CI EGD8:HH 7N 8G:6I>C< 6 L:7
76H:9 6GI:;68I 8DJGH:
EGD<G6BB:9>C+:68I 6C97NJH>C<IIG6@>;; ;DGI:HI>C<
I=: H6I>H;68I>DC D; :68= >I:G6I>DC L>I= I=: HE:8>;>8 I6G<:I
IIG6@>;;>H6;G::DCA>C:IDDAI=6I6EEA>:HI=:I=:DG:I>86A EG6<B6I>86C9=:9DC>8FJ6A>I>:H>C;AJ:C8:I=:HJ7?:8I>K:
LDG@BD9:AI=6IK>HJ6AAN>AAJHIG6I:H6C986A8JA6I:H=DLI=: JH:GHXE:G8:EI>DC
Authorized licensed use limited to: Qatar Foundation (Qatar National Library). Downloaded on December 20,2021 at 07:52:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
"/ '%2,", 'B?C2F?2@B9A
.1 :H><C 8DJGH: 6I I=: 0:7 DCI:CI &6C6<:B:CI 6C9 "CI=>HHJ7H:8I>DC I=:G:HJAIHD;7DI=B:I=D9H6G:EG:H:CI:9
:H><C:9J86I>DC6AEGD<G6BL6H9:H><C:9I=GDJ<=
6C9 :>C< ;JAAN 6L6G: I=6I 6CHL:GH DC 6 L:7
76H:9 HJGK:N
G6C;DGI=:;>GHII>B:;GDB'DK:B7:G
JCI>A#6CJ6GN
8DJEA:9L>I=>C;DGB6CIHI=6IIDD@E6GI>C6;D8JH:9
<GDJE
-=:8DJGH:L6HGJCC>C<7DI=>C6BEJH6C9DC69>HI6C8: >CI:GK>:L 6G:CDIG:EG:H:CI6I>K:D;I=:<:C:G6AEDEJA6I>DCD;
DCA>C: L>I=>CI:GC6I>DC6A6C9,L:9>H=HIJ9:CIH:CGDAA:9 HIJ9:CIH L:;>GHIEG:H:CII=:HI6I>HI>86A6C6ANH>HD;I=:HJGK:N
!:G: >CI=>HH:8I>DCB:I=D9 G:HJAIH 6C96C6ANH>HD;HIJ9:CIHX 6C9 I=:C I=: G:HJAIH D7I6>C:9 ;GDB I=: ;D8JH:9
<GDJE
8DJGH::K6AJ6I>DC6G:EG:H:CI:9 >CI:GK>:L
"2A5<1B@21
,I6I>HI>86A6C6ANH>HD;I=:HJGK:N>HEG:H:CI:9>C-67A:"
-D :K6AJ6I: HIJ9:CIHX E:G8:EI>DC D; A:6GC>C< I=GDJ<= .1
:H><C 8DJGH: L: =6K: E:G;DGB:9 6 8DB7>C6I>DC D; -%",.+/2X,,--",-"%'%2,",
FJ6CI>I6I>K:6C9FJ6A>I6I>K:6C6ANH>H0:6>B:9;DG6B>M:9
B:I=D9H HIG6I:<N ID 6GG>K: 6I 6 7:II:G JC9:GHI6C9>C< D; HI ++!*+!#%#0*!*
*
8:CIJGN I:68=>C< 6C9 A:6GC>C< 86HJ6AI>:H 45 *J6CI>I6I>K: & "!&"
! &!$(&"! !
$&"!
6C6ANH>H L6H JH:9 ID 8DAA:8I HI6I>HI>86AAN B:6HJG67A: 96I6
L=>A:FJ6A>I6I>K:B:I=D9H6>B:96II=:BDG:G:;>C:9E>8IJG:
6C967:II:GJC9:GHI6C9>C<D;68=>:K:9:;;:8IH6C98=6AA:C<:H
AHD 7NB>M>C<ILDB:I=D9HL:=DE:ID7:67A:ID6GG>K:6I
6IA:6HIJEIDHDB::MI:CI 6<:C:G6A>O67A:8DC8AJH>DC
-=:FJ6CI>I6I>K:HJGK:NL6H8G:6I:97NJH>C<I=: ,,.'-
IDDA L=:G: I=: L:7
76H:9 HJGK:N L6H 8G:6I:9 ,IJ9:CIH
G:8:>K:96A>C@IDI=:
FJ:HI>DCHHJGK:NL=:G:I=:NL:G:
67A:ID:MEG:HHI=:>GH6I>H;68I>DCI=GDJ<=%>@:GIH86A: 6C9699
6 ;G:: LG>II:C 8DBB:CI 7:ADL D; :68= E6GI>8JA6G FJ:HI>DC
-=:FJ:HI>DCHEG:H:CI:97:ADL6G:>CHE>G:96C9;D8JH:9DC
>9:CI>;N>C<B>HH>C<HI8:CIJGNH@>AAH;GDB$:G:A>J@:I6AH
BD9:A45-=:FJ:HI>DCG:69H6H;DAADLH.EIDL=6I
:MI:CI I=: .1 8DJGH: 8DCI:CI >BEGDK:9 NDJG DG: DCI:CI J:ID>C67>A>INIDJH:I=:B:6CL>I=%>@:GH86A:6H6B:6HJG:
$CDLA:9<:=DLBJ8=NDJ=6K:A:6GC:967DJII=:.1 D;8:CIG6AI:C9:C8N6H>I=6HCDB6I=:B6I>86AB:6C>C< >:
.E ID L=6I :MI:CI I=: .1 8DJGH: 8DCI:CI >BEGDK:9 NDJG L=6I LDJA9 7: I=: 6K:G6<: D; #<A .A .99 6C9 /@<9BA29F
><>I6A"- %>I:G68N .E ID L=6I :MI:CI I=: .1 8DJGH: .4?22 I=: BDHI HJ>I67A: B:6HJG: >H ID ADD@ 6I I=: BDHI
8DCI:CI>BEGDK:9NDJGGDHH
9>H8>EA>C6GN$CDLA:9<:86C ;G:FJ:CIG:HEDCH:H DGB:9>6C,I>AA I=:7:HIL6NIDK>HJ6AAN
NDJ8DCC:8I9>;;:G:CI@CDLA:9<:9>H8>EA>C:H7:II:G .E EG:H:CII=:9>HIG>7JI>DCD;I=:G:HEDCH:H>HIDJH:676G8=6GI
ID L=6I :MI:CI I=: .1 8DJGH: 8DCI:CI 6C9 :ME:G>:C8: ><6C9><
>BEGDK:9NDJG%>;:#D7,@>AAH9DNDJ;::ABDG:EG:E6G:9
;DGNDJG;JIJG:A>;:?D7 .EIDL=6I:MI:CII=:.18DJGH:
8DCI:CI >BEGDK:9 NDJG JAIJG6A 8DBE:I:C8: 9D NDJ ;::A
NDJJC9:GHI6C9I=:C::9HD;DI=:G8JAIJG:H7:II:G .EID
L=6I :MI:CI I=: .1 8DJGH: 8DCI:CI >BEGDK:9 NDJG
I=>86ABDI>DC6A L6G:C:HH 9D NDJ ;::A NDJ 7:II:G
JC9:GHI6C9:I=>86A:BDI>DC6A=JB6C8=6AA:C<:H .EID
L=6I:MI:CII=:.18DJGH:8DCI:CI6C9:ME:G>:C8:>BEGDK:9
NDJG G:6I>K>IN 6C9 "CCDK6I>DC .E ID L=6I :MI:CI I=:
.1 8DJGH: 8DCI:CI 6C9 :ME:G>:C8: >BEGDK:9 NDJG )GD7A:B
,DAK>C<6C9G>I>86A-=>C@>C<,@>AAH .EIDL=6I:MI:CI
I=: .1 8DJGH: 8DCI:CI 6C9 :ME:G>:C8: >BEGDK:9 NDJG
DBBJC>86I>DC 6C9 DAA67DG6I>DC ,@>AAH 6C9
.E ID
L=6I :MI:CI ,86A67A:%:6GC>C< IDDA =:AE:9 NDJG A:6GC>C<
EGD8:HH ><-=:%>@:GIH86A:76G8=6GI
-=:HJGK:NL6HG:EA>:97NHIJ9:CIHDJID;:CGDAA:9AA DG :6H>:G G:HJAIHX >CI:GEG:I6I>DC D; >< I=: 8JHIDB>H:9
HIJ9:CIH L:G: >CK>I:9 ;DG 6C DCA>C: DE:C
:C9:9 >C
9:EI= 8DADJG H8=:B: >H JH:9 -=: 7AJ: 8DADJG >H 6HH><C:9 ;DG
;D8JH
<GDJE >CI:GK>:L !6K>C< >C B>C9 I=6I L: L:G: HI6GH ;GDBI=:96G@7AJ:;DGHI6G#<A.A.99IDA><=I7AJ:;DG
>CI:G:HI:9 >C I=:>G >C9>K>9J6A :ME:G>:C8:H E:G8:EI>DCH HI6GH G::C>H6HH><C:9IDI=:B>99A:D;I=:%>@:GIH86A:
;::A>C<H DC IDE>8H D; >CI:G:HI 7JI 6AHD I=:>G E::G
G:A6I:9 HI6GHDG#<A@B?2DCH:FJ:CIAN N:AADL>HJH:9;DG
HI6GH
68I>K>I>:H L: DEI:9 ;DG 6 BDG: >C;DGB6A 8DCK:GH6I>DC I=6I L=:G:A><=IN:AADL>HJH:9;DGHI6GH/@<9BA29F.4?22.9<A
IG69>I>DC6AAN ;D8JH
<GDJE >CI:GK>:LH 86C 9:A>K:G 45 GDB >< >I >H :6HN ID H:: I=6I HIJ9:CIH :MEG:HH EDH>I>K:
D8JH>C< DC I=: H6B: FJ:HI>DCH 6H 6 HI6GI>C< ED>CI I=: 6II>IJ9:H67DK:;DG6AAFJ:HI>DCH7:H>9:*.EIDL=6I
>CI:GK>:LL>I=HIJ9:CIHIDD@EA68:K>6I=:3DDBIDDA6C9 :MI:CI I=: .1 8DJGH: 8DCI:CI >BEGDK:9 NDJG JAIJG6A
A6HI:96EEGDM>B6I:AN
B>CJI:H 8DBE:I:C8:
Authorized licensed use limited to: Qatar Foundation (Qatar National Library). Downloaded on December 20,2021 at 07:52:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
I>B:H HIJ9:CIH :MEG:HH:9 8DC;JH>DC 67DJI A:6GC>C< +:68I
ID<:I=:GL>I=.19:H><C
A56;8D<?86;46;6A2?.A6<;@D<?821?2.99FD299.;1529=21.
9<AAD.@;<A092.?D52?2A523<0B@D.@D52A52?3<0B@6@<;
),<?92.?;6;4&2.0A;1A56;86AD.@.9<A<33B;92.?;6;4
&2.0A/BA1<;<AA56;8D25.C292.?;212;<B45A3229@9682
6AD.@7B@A.1121A<A56@0<B?@2/20.B@2F<B0<B91:.82A52
.==960.A6<;6;&2.0A9682;<A.0AB.99FD2D2?2@B==<@21A<
92.?;&2.0AK
K:C I=DJ<= I=: HIJ9:CIH HI6GI:9 A:6GC>C< +:68I >C I=:
EG:K>DJH 8DJGH: H>C8: >I L6H CDI :M6B>C:9 >C I=>H 8DJGH:
B6CND;I=:B6GG>K:9CDIL:AAEG:E6G:9
><-=:B:9>6C9>HIG>7JI>DC76G8=6GI
(52?26@@<:B05A<92.?;6;&2.0A63F<B;2C2?B@216A/23<?2
HB:CI>DC:97:;DG: B:9>6C9>HIG>7JI>DC><EGDK>9:H6 .;1A52?26@@<:B05A<92.?;6;),+2@A.?A21A56@0<B?@2
=:AE;JAB:6HJG:D;I=:8:CIG:D;I=:96I6H:IHDC:86CH:: D6A5:<@A<3A52=2<=92;<A/26;4B=A<@=221
9J:ID=6K>C<6B:9>6C<G:6I:GI=6CB:6C I=>H>H686H:D;
(JG HIJ9:CIH JHJ6AAN 6G: CDI BJ8= 6IIG68I:9 ID 8D9>C<
C:<6I>K: )6GHDCXH H@:LC:HH DG 96I6 >H EJH=:9 ID I=: A:;I
IDL6G9H 6 <G:6I:G CJB7:G D; HI6GH >: BDG: EDH>I>K: !DL:K:G I=:HIJ9:CIHD;.19:H><C8DJGH:G:EDGIA:6GC>C<
6II>IJ9:H +:68I6H>CI:G:HI>C<6C9HJEEDGI>C<I=:>G8G:6I>K>IN-D9:A>K:G
I:68=>C< ;DG JC9:GHI6C9>C< 45 HIJ9:CIH H=DJA9 7: 67A: ID
. ;A2?C62D?2@B9A.;1.;.9F@6@ E6HHI=::M6BH7JI:K:CBDG:>BEDGI6CI I=:NBJHI7:8DB:
0=>A:LDG@>C<IDL6G9H6AA6HH><CB:CIH8DBEA:I>DCHIJ9:CIH 6JIDCDBDJHA:6GC:GH
JC9:G<D I=GDJ<= FJ>I: 8DBEA:M A:6GC>C< EGD8:HH I=6I
8DBEG>H:H D; I6H@ H:A:8I>DC EGD?:8I EA6CC>C< HB6AA <GDJE (56@D.@.0AB.99FA5236?@AA6:2A5.A612.@F<B5.C2F<B0.;
8DAA67DG6I>DC6C9C:<DI>6I>DC >I:G6I>K:HD;IL6G:9:K:ADEB:CI =BAA52:<;A52D2/=.42AD.@;<A@<5.?1A<6:=92:2;A
>C+:68IJH:G:ME:G>:C8:.19:H><CI=GDJ<=JH:G
8:CIG:9 A56;4@D6A5&2.0A.@6A0<B91/2D6A5.C.'0?6=A3<?2E.:=92
9:H><CEG68I>8:H>BEGDK>C<L:7
76H:96EEA>86I>DC76H:9DC
JH:GXH ;::9768@ H:B>C6GH ;G:FJ:CI I:HIH 6C9 C:L
DB7>C6I>DCD;A:6GC>C<6C9=6C9H
DC:ME:G>:C8:H::BHID
9:EADNB:CIH6C9;G:FJ:CI9:A>K:G67A:H"C9::9 6HA>I:G6IJG:
=6K:7::CLDG@>C<L:AA
IG69>I>DC6AAN HJ<<:HIH 45 =:G: IDD I=: FJ6A>I6I>K: 96I6
6AADLHJHID<:II=:BDG:G:;>C:9E>8IJG:&J8=>HLG>II:C>C @92.?;6;4
I=: 6869:B>8 A>I:G6IJG: 67DJI I=: A>B>I6I>DCH D; HIJ9:CI 88DG9>C<ID:6G96C90>AAHDC45 :ME:G>:CI>6AA:6GC>C<
HJGK:NH 45 6C9 45 HI>AA HJ8= ;::9768@ >H JH:;JA >CKDAK:H V68I>K: >BB:GH>DC G:;A:8I>K: :C<6<:B:CI 6C9
:HE:8>6AANL=:CHIJ9:CIH6G:>C;DGB:9 6H>CI=>H86H: I=6II=: H><C>;>86CI :ME:G>:C8:HW 45 E -D 6GG>K: 6I I=: 7:HI
G:HJAIH L>AA 7: JH:9 ID >BEGDK: I=: 8DJGH: FJ6A>IN "C I=>H EDHH>7A: 8DC9>I>DCH ;DG 6GG>K>C< 6I I=: HIJ9:CIXH 68I>K:
H:8I>DC L: L>AA ;D8JH DC I=: BDHI ;G:FJ:CI IDE>8H I=6I >BB:GH>DC G:;A:8I>DCH6C9H><C>;>86CI:ME:G>:C8:H L:DEI:9
D88JGG:99JG>C<I=:>CI:GK>:L ;DGI6H@HI=6I:M68IANB>GGDGI=:G:6A>IN0=:C6H@:9IDG:;A:8I
DC I=: 8DCI:CI D; I=: 8DJGH: I=6I G:;A:8IH I=: G:6A>IN D; I=:
(52=?</92:<3&2.0A
L:7
EGD9J8I>DCB6G@:IEA6CC>C< 8DDE:G6I>DCL>I=JC@CDLC
-=:.19:H><C8DJGH:>H<>K:C9JG>C<I=:A6HIN:6GD;I=:0:7
E:DEA: ;G:FJ:CIG:EDGI>C<6C96ADID;8=6C<:H 6C9I=:C::9H
DCI:CI&6C6<:B:CI6C9:H><CEGD<G6B6HDC:D;I=:A6HI
;GDBI=:L:7
>C9JHIGNB6G@:I HIJ9:CIH:MEG:HHH6I>H;68I>DC
?<;A2;1 12C29<=2? EGD;>A: 8DJGH:H -=:G:;DG: L=>A:
>CI=:;DAADL>C<L6NH
LDG@>C< IDL6G9H 6AA 6HH><CB:CIH 8DBEA:I>DC HIJ9:CIH
JC9:G<D6FJ>I:8DBEA:MA:6GC>C<EGD8:HHI=6I>H>CHE>G:96C9 9682 A52 612. <3 0?2.A6;4 . %?<720A %9.; .;1 D<?86;4 6;
76H:9 DC 9>;;:G:CI EG68I>8:H ;GDB I=: G:6A
A>;: L:7 6A2?.A6<;@@<6A329AA5.AD2.0AB.99F161.?2.9=?<720A!682
9:K:ADEB:CI >C9JHIGN JG>C< 6EEGDM>B6I:AN
L::@H >C A56@6@5<DD20<B91/2D52;D2.0AB.99FD<?8D6A56A
<GDJEH:II>C<H HIJ9:CIH6II:C9A:8IJG:H6C9>CI:CH>K:ANLDG@
DC>I:G6I>K:HD;IL6G:9:K:ADEB:CI>C+:68IJH:G:ME:G>:C8: 0DG@>C<>C6<GDJEH:II>C<6C9I=:EG68I>86A>BEA:B:CI6I>DC
H::BH ID =6K: 8G:6I:9 FJ>I: 6 G>8= :ME:G>:C8: H 4
5
.1 9:H><C I=GDJ<= JH:G
8:CIG:9 9:H><C EG68I>8:H
HJ<<:HI:90<;C2?@.A6<;.93?.:2D<?8A:6GC>C<7G>C<H6L>9:G
>BEGDK>C<L:7
76H:96EEA>86I>DC76H:9DCJH:GXH;::9768@
HE:8IGJB ;GDBI=:GDA:D;I=:E::GH 8DAA67DG6I>K:A:6GC>C<
;G:FJ:CI I:HIH 6C9 C:L 9:EADNB:CIH 6C9 ;G:FJ:CI
6C9I=:L>9:G8DCI:MIJ6AA:6GC>C<
9:A>K:G67A:H
,>C8:>CI=:8DJGH:L:9>9DJG7:HIIDB>GGDGI=:G:6A>IND;I=: ?2.99F 96821 A52 D<?84?<B= A<< 1< ;<A 8;<D .: 7B@A
4B2@@6;4BA6;?2.9D<?8?2.996324B2@@;<A2C2?F/<1F6@
L:7 EGD9J8I>DC EGD;:HH>DC6A B6G@:I B6CN H>BJAI6C:DJH
1<6;42C2?FA56;4$;26@;<A6;C<9C216;.99D5.A1<F<B@.F
I6H@H D; 9>;;:G:CI C6IJG: L:G: >CIGD9J8:9 "C DI=:G LDG9H
HIJ9:CIH L:G: G:FJ>G:9 ID 9D EGD<G6BB>C< 6C9 JH: A.@8@A56;86AD.@?2.99F4<<1+2.?2>B6A25.==FD6A5A52
?2@B9A2C2;A5<B456A:.F/2D.@;AA5.A2E.0AA56;4D25.16;
8DBEJI6I>DC6A I=>C@>C< L=>A: 8DCHIGJ8I>C< .1 9:H><C
:6;1/BAD24<AA52=?<1B0AA5.AD2A56;86@/2AA2?A5.;D2
EGD?:8IH45:6G>C<>CB>C9I=6IHIJ9:CIH=69ID8DB7>C:
5<=213<?
ILDGDA:H6II=:H6B:I>B: 7J>A9:G6C99:H><C:G45 B6CN
Authorized licensed use limited to: Qatar Foundation (Qatar National Library). Downloaded on December 20,2021 at 07:52:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
JGI=:GBDG: I=:G:A:K6C8:D;I=:8DCI:CI I:68=>C<I=GDJ<= (5.;8F<B3<?A56@0<B?@26A?2.99F0.:26;.A6:2D52?26A
9>H8>EA>C:H 45 H::BH ID =6K: B6C6<:9 ID <>K: 6 ADI DC 6 D.@2.@FA</20<:26;@20B?2./<BAD5.AF<B5.C292.?;216;
A:6GC>C<8JGK: A52 =?<4?.: @< 09<@2 6;A< 4?.1B.A6<; #<D 8;<D D5.A
8;<D.;1.::B05:<?20<;3612;A6;:F8;<D92142D6A5
-2.5 ;<D F<B 5.C2 A< D<?8 . /6A :<?2 =?.0A60.9 4B2@@
),.;16;3<?:.A6<;.?056A20AB?2
(5.AD.@C2?FB@23B9BA.4?226AD.@C2?F5.?1A<92.?;
&2.0A '6IJG6AAN 9JG>C< I=: ;D8JH
<GDJE >CI:GK>:L HIJ9:CIH
:MEG:HH:9 8G>I>8>HB IDL6G9H 69B>C>HIG6I>K: EGD7A:BH D;
,B6AA <GDJE H:II>C<H HJEEDGI 6C9 >BEGDK: =><=:G
DG9:G
8DJGH: DG<6C>H6I>DC 6C9 EGDEDH:9 9>;;:G:CI DG<6C>H6I>DC
I=>C@>C< 6C9 9:K:ADEB:CIH D; H@>AAH 45 -=6C@H ID I=:
:K:CI=:8DCI:CID;I=:EJ7A>H=:99D8JB:CIH!DL:K:G H>C8:
"CI:GC:I >I L6H :6HN 6C9 8=:6E ID JH: DCA>C: <GDJE HDAK>C<
I=>HHIJ9N>HCDI;D8JH>C<DC>I HJ8=;::9768@>H9>HG:<6G9:9
8DAA67DG6I>DC <GDJE E:DEA: ;GDB 9>;;:G:CI 768@<GDJC9H
>CI=>HE6E:G
9>;;:G:CI C6I>K: A6C<J6<:H 6C9 JH: 9>;;:G:CI DCA>C: IDDAH
L=:G:I=:NA:6GC=DLID8DAA67DG6I>K:AN8G:6I:DCA>C:,I>AA
;@D2?A<A52%'
A:6GC>C<=DLIDA:6GC6C9;D8JH 8G>I>86AANI=>C@ ;>C97:II:G N9:H><C>C<:M6B>C6I>DCI6H@H6C9G:FJ>G:B:CIHI=6IB>GGDG
HIG6I:<>:H 6G:I:8=CDAD<N
>C9:E:C9:CIEGD8:HH:H G:6A>IN L: =:AE HIJ9:CIH ID 68I>K:AN E6GI>8>E6I: >C L=6I
)G:CH@N 45 86AAH 7:8DB>C< I=: EGD;:HH>DC6A 68IDG >C I=:
+<?86;46;.A2.:6;@B05.12:.;16;40<B?@24.C2:2.;
>C9JHIGN 6C9 A:6GC ;GDB :ME:G>:C8: 45 "C DI=:G LDG9H
6;@645A<35<D3BAB?2D<?896320<B919<<89682968216A.;1
HIJ9:CIH A:6GC H T 8G:6I>K>IN 8DBBJC>86I>DC 8G>I>86A
92.?;21.9<A3?<:6A
I=>C@>C< 6C98DAA67DG6I>DC I=GDJ<=GJC:GXHH45;GDB
,>B>A6GAN 6H!D8@>C<HG:8DBB:C9:945 >CI=>H.19:H><C G:6A
A>;: :ME:G>:C8: :C<6<:B:CI :MEADG6I>DC :K6AJ6I>DC
8DJGH:I=:A:6GC>C<:CK>GDCB:CIL6H9:H><C:9I=GDJ<=I6H@H 6C9:A67DG6I>DC
L=:G: HIJ9:CIH 8DJA9 6EEAN I=:>G A:6GC>C< ID I=:>G DLC
-=:EG:H:CI:96C6ANH>H>C,:8I>DC"/A:69HJHIDI=:6CHL:G
:ME:G>:C8:H6C9>CI:G:HIH
IDI=:),H::,:8I>DC-=:6CHL:GG:69H6H;DAADLH
AD.@C2?F6;A2?2@A6;4A<D<?8<;0?F=A<0B??2;062@K12C29<=
),%)2*
*+ !%$&#!-*'&*!+!-)*,#+*&)+
6A3<?.@=206360A.?42A4?<B=:2.;A22;.42?@(52F.?2.
(,!*!+!&%&$!**!%*+%+,)0*"!##*
C2?F163360B9A4?<B=A<12@64;3<?'<6AD.@C2?F6;A2?2@A6;4
-=:G:;DG: L:86C6G<J:I=6IL=6IL:HDB:I>B:HB>HH>CDJG
!6K>C<I=:8DJGH:HJ7?:8IH>BJAI6C:DJHAN6H6A:6GC>C<;>:A9
IG69>I>DC6A :9J86I>DC
8GDHH
9>H8>EA>C6GN @CDLA:9<:
6C96IDDA :C67A:9L:7
9>H8>EA>C:EGD7A:B
76H:9A:6GC>C<
8G:6I>K>IN6C9>CCDK6I>DC 8DBBJC>86I>DC6C98DAA67DG6I>DC
(520<;;20A6<;@/2AD22;A5216332?2;A16@06=96;2@;39B2;06;4 EGD7A:B HDAK>C< 6C9 8G>I>86A I=>C@>C< 6C9 8JAIJG6A
),1236;6A29F/20.:2:<?2092.?A<:2A5?<B45D<?86;4D6A5 8DBE:I:C8:
8DJA9:;;:8I>K:AN7:>BEA:B:CI:9>;L:DEI;DG
6A@<09<@29F 86G:;JAAN EA6CC:9 GJC:GXH H ;DG 68FJ>H>I>DC D; H
6EEGD68= DGH[H
"CI=>H8DJGH:GJC I=:CJB7:GD;>CI:GC6I>DC6AHIJ9:CIHL6H
FJ>I: ADL 6EEGDM>B6I:AN
L=>8= >H BDHI EGD767AN I=: / ('%.,"('
G:6HDC I=6I FJ:HI>DC ;>K: * ;GDB -67A: " =69 I=: ADL:HI
-=>H E6E:G D;;:GH 6 7G>:; 6C6ANH>H D; I:68=>C< HI 8:CIJGN
B:9>6C K6AJ: -67A: " >< DG 7:II:G 8JAIJG6A
H@>AAH 6EEA>:9 ID I:68=>C< 0:7 DCI:CI &6C6<:G 6C9
8DBE:I:C8: 68FJ>H>I>DC BDG: >CI:GC6I>DC6A :CK>GDCB:CI
:H><C:G )GD<G6B 6I I=: .C>K:GH>IN D; DGQH -=: E6E:G
LDJA9 7: L:A8DB:9 ,I>AA I=>H >H =DL I=:N 9:H8G>7: I=:>G
HI6GI:9L>I=6I=DGDJ<=A>I:G6IJG:G:K>:LIDJC9:GHI6C9L=6I
A:6GC>C<:ME:G>:C8:
HI 8:CIJGN H@>AAH 6G: 6C9 I:HI I=:>G >BEDGI6C8: ;I:G
;:F5<:2B;6C2?@6AF92.?;21.9<A./<BAA52A<=60@/BA EG:H:CI>C<I=:8DCH:CHJHDCI=>HB6II:GL:EG:H:CI:9G:H:6G8=
161;<A42AA5205.;02A<D<?8<;=?.0A60.96:=92:2;A.A6<; L=>8= 6H 6 HI6GI>C< ED>CI =6H EG:K>DJHAN >9:CI>;>:9 I=: ;68I
AD.@4<<13<?6;A2?;.A6<;.9@AB12;A@A<0<:2.;192.?;3?<: I=6I >CDJG9:E6GIB:CI L:;6>A:9IDI:68=HI8:CIJGNH@>AAH
2.05<A52? JE ID HDB: :MI:CI %DD@>C< ;DG HJ88:HH;JA HIG6I:<>:H ;DG
I:68=>C< HI 8:CIJGN H@>AAH L: D;;:G:9 :M6BEA:H ;GDB
II:C9>C< I=:>G A6HI N:6G I=: B6?DG>IN D; >C;DGB6CIH HDJC9 G:8:CIAN6EEA>:9I:68=>C<EG68I>8:HI=6IL:G:9:K:ADE:976H:9
>CH:8JG: CDIHD8DC;>9:CID;I=:68FJ>G:9@CDLA:9<:K:C
DCGJC:GXHH;DGH45ID86I:G;DGHI8:CIJGNH@>AAH
I=DJ<=6HH456G<J:HI=6II=:G:HJAID;HIJ9:CIHXA:6GC>C< 68FJ>H>I>DC
H=DJA9 G:HJAI >C HIJ9:CIHX 67>A>IN ID HE:6@ 6JI=DG>I6I>K:AN
67DJI I=: 9>H8>EA>C: I=:N A:6GC:9 DJG HIJ9:CIH 6G: JHJ6AAN -=:G: 6G: ILD A>B>I6I>DCH ID I=>H G:H:6G8= >GHI I=: CDC
Authorized licensed use limited to: Qatar Foundation (Qatar National Library). Downloaded on December 20,2021 at 07:52:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
0: 6G: 6AA 6L6G: I=6I L: C::9 6 BJ8= 7:II:G G:HEDCH: ID HI6I:L>9: >C>I>6I>K: "C :2?60.; 1B0.A6<;.9 &2@2.?05 @@<06.A6<;
<;32?2;02*.;0<BC2?.;.1./DA
G6E>9AN 8=6C<>C< 8DC9>I>DCH >C =><=:G :9J86I>DC L=:G: L:
45 $6J;B6C $#
L6NHIDHI8:CIJGNH@>AAHL=NHIJ9:CIH
BJHIH=>;I6L6N;GDB6IG69>I>DC6AB>C9
H:ID;I:68=>C<DCAN C::9I=:B6C9>9:6H;DGEG68I>86A>BEA:B:CI6I>DC .==.29A.%6&20<?1
;DG 8DG: 8DCI:CI @CDLA:9<: 45 6C9 I=GDJ<= DC: JC>FJ:
9>H8>EA>C:K:CBDG: DJG:9J86I>DCC::9HC:LE:GHE:8I>K:H 45 )G:CH@N &
-=:LDGA9C::9H6C:L8JGG>8JAJB1B0.A6<;.9
6C9 EDA>8>:H I=6I 86C =:AE >C 8DB76I>C< 8=6AA:C<:H >C I=: (205;<9<4F
45 $DA7
E=2?62;A6.992.?;6;4E=2?62;02.@A52@<B?02
9:K:ADEB:CI D; 6 BDG: HJHI6>C67A: HD8>:IN 45 0=>A: <392.?;6;4.;112C29<=:2;A-EG:HH
ADD@>C<;DGC:LL6NHID>BEGDK:HJHI6>C67>A>IN6C9;>C9C:L 45 $J=AI=6J &6C>DI:H %$ 6HE6G> $
B6121
L6NH;DGG:A:K6CI:9J86I>DCL:BJHI6EEGD68=>I6H6FJ:HI>DC ;>B6?F!2.?;6;46;A52@A2;AB?F!2.?;6;46;A52@A2;AB?F
Authorized licensed use limited to: Qatar Foundation (Qatar National Library). Downloaded on December 20,2021 at 07:52:16 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.