Study of the Dolok-Penggaron River System

and Design of the East Floodway, Final Report

under JICA Loan IP-534 on Flood Control

CHAPTER 2. TOPOGRAPHY AND RIVER SYSTEMS

2.1 Topographic Characteristics

Figure 2.1 .1shows topography and river systems of the Dolok-Penggaron River Systems and
surrounding areas. Topography changes from mountainous and hilly areas in the south to gentle
and flat in the north. The most downstream parts of the KBT, Babon, Dombo-Sayung and
Dolok rivers are very flat low-lying wetland areas along the coasts of Java Sea. The highest
ground elevation of the Penggaron River is 312m. The lowest ground elevation of the
downstream reaches of the four rivers is around 0 to 2m.

*SRTM :3sec (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)

Figure 2.1.1 Topography in and around the Dolok-Penggaron River System

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2.2 River Systems

2.2.1 River Length and Catchment Area
The river systems related to the Study area can be divided into the Penggaron River System and
the Dolok River System. Based on the Figure 2.1 .1, Table 2.2 .1 shows length of the rivers
and catchment areas of the river basins.

Table 2.2.1 River Length and Catchment Area of the Penggaron and Dolok River Systems
River Length Catchment Area
River Length (km) River Basin (DAS) Catchment Area (km2)
KBT 14.6 Penggaron River 78.56
- Candi 2.7 KBT 52.65
- Bajak 3.4 - KBT 7.58
- Kedung Mundu 8.1 - Candi 4.10
- Bajak 27.25
Babon 17.0 - Kedung Mundu 13.72
Dombo-Sayung 19.0 Residual Basin KBT- 39.58
Babon
Dolok 30.4 Residual Basin 27.09
Babon-Dombo
Sayung
Penggaron 19.8 Residual Basin 42.50
Dombo-Sayung-
Dolok
Kebon Batur Canal 3.8 Dolok River 73.70
Total 118.8 - Dolok River 44.72
Upstream
- Dolok River 28.98
Downstream
Total 314.08
Note: “DAS” means “Basin” in Indonesian language.

2.2.2 Penggaron River System

The Penggaron River System is composed of the Babon River, the East Floodway (KBT) and
the Dombo-Sayung River. Originally, only the Babon River was the continuous river course of
the Penggaron River in the downstream part from Pucanggading. However, in order to control
floods, KBT had been constructed since 1858 for connecting with the Penggaron River to divert
flood water to KBT with maximum 145m 3/s and to the Babon River with maximum 78m 3/s
(sources: PT.Jasapatria Gunatama, “Detail Desain Sistem Sungai Dolok Penggaron (Kanal
Banjir Timur – Donbo Sayung), November 2009). However, as discharge capacities of the
KBT-Babon were not enough, Dombo-Sayung River was recently constructed in 2010 as an
additional floodway from the Penggaron River to the Java Sea.
(1) Pucanggading
At Pucanggading, an overflow weir called Pucanggading Weir is installed at the
starting point of the Babon River for taking irrigation water from the both side of the
Weir as well as for dividing flood water to the Babon River and the Dombo-Sayung
River. At the starting point of the Dombo-Sayung River, there is also an overflow weir
called Gergaji Weir. By these two overflow weirs, flood discharge of the Penggaron
River, after diverting flood water to the KBT through its inlet gate, is divided into the

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Babon River and the Dombo-Sayung River.

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Figure 2.2.2 Inlet Gate of the KBT along the Penggaron River at Pucanggading

Pucanggading Weir

Figure 2.2.3 Pucanggading Weir at the Starting Place of the Babon River

Gergaji Weir

Babon River Dombo-

Sayung River

Figure 2.2.4 Gergaji Weir at the Starting Place of the Dombo-Sayung River

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(2) Penggaron River in the Upstream Reach of Pucanggading

Wide flood plain or natural retarding basin extends along the Penggaron River
upstream from Pucanggading. Total area of the natural retarding basin is around
55ha. This natural retarding basin has an important role for reducing peak
discharges of floods in the Penggaron River around Pucanggading. In addition,
diverted floodwater from the Dolok River through the Kebon Batur Canal enters into
the downstream part of this natural retarding basin.

Penggaron River

Figure 2.2.5 Natural Retarding Basin in the Penggaron River (Upstream View)

(3) East Floodway (Kanal Banjir Timur: KBT)

KBT starts from the Inlet Gate at Pecanggading, flows to northwest direction, and
turns to north direction at just upstream of the Majapahit Bridge until the river
mouth. There are three tributaries (Kedung Mundu, Bajak and Candi Rivers) join
between the inlet gate and Majapahit Bridge.
The river channel between the Inlet Gate and Majapahit Bridge (upstream to mid-
stream reach) has generally single cross sections.
From Majapahit Bridge to the river mouth (downstream reach), the KBT is generally
composed of wide compound cross sections. Especially, in the downmost reach, the
KBT passes the low-lying wetland areas which are affected by high tide of sea as well
as problems of land subsidence. In the downstream reach, the low water channel
becomes generally small and shallow and more dependence on high water channel for
discharge flood flow.
There are many legal and illegal houses exist in the urban areas along the KBT.

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Figure 2.2.6 KBT Mid-stream Reach (Upstream View)

Figure 2.2.7 KBT Downstream Reach (Upstream View)

(4) Babon River

The Babon River starts from the Pucanggading Weir (overflow weir), flows to north
direction, turns to west direction and flows into the sea. It seems that development of
low water channel is insufficient and more dependent on the high water channel with
dikes for flowing flood discharge in the midstream and downstream reaches.
Upstream to mid-stream reaches are in urban area and mid-stream to downstream
reaches are in rural area.

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Figure 2.2.8 Babon River Mid-stream Reach (Upstream View)

Figure 2.2.9 Babon River Downstream Reach at Pantura Road (Upstream View)

(5) Dombo-Sayung River

The Dombo-Sayung River is a newly constructed floodway from Penggaron River at
Pucanggading to the sea. In the upstream reach, the Dombo-Sayung River is
composed of single cross sections. In the mid-stream to downstream reaches, the River
is composed of compound cross sections. In general, development of low water
channel is insufficient and dependence on high water channel with dikes for flowing
flood discharge. Quality of construction of the dikes is generally low, which causes
breaching of dikes at some places during floods. Upstream reach is in urban area and
mid-stream to downstream reaches are in rural areas.

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Figure 2.2.10 Dombo-Sayung River Midstream Reach (Upstream View)

Figure 2.2.11 Dombo-Sayung River Downstream Reach at Pantura Road (Upstream View)

2.1.1 Dolok River System

(6) Dolok River
The Dolok River is the neighboring river of the Penggaron River. In the upstream
reach of the Dolok River, many small meanderings with single cross sections exist
along the river course. At the bifurcation point to the Kebon Batur Canal, due to flood
flow to the Kebon Batur Canal and deposition of sediment in the Dolok River, the
riverbed elevation of the Dolok River just downstream of the bifurcation point is
about 3m higher than the riverbed elevation before the bifurcation.
In the mid-stream reach from the railway bridge to the downstream reach before
Pantura Road, the Dolok River is composed of compound river cross sections with
dikes. However, in general, development of low water channel is very much
insufficient. Discharge capacity of flood flow is very much dependent on the high
water channel with dikes. In addition, as quality of construction of the dikes is low,
breaches of the dikes have occurred in some places along the River.

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Houses including small towns exist along the upstream meandering river course up to
the mid-stream reach around the railway and Majapahit Road. The river passes rural
areas in the mid-stream to downstream reaches. The downmost reach around Pantura
Road and Palayaran Canal, the Dolok River is closed with gated weirs (one in the
Dolok River and the other in the Palayan Canal). Therefore, flood flow is significantly
disturbed in the downmost reach.

Dolok River

Dolok River
Kebon Batur Canal

Figure 2.2.12 Dolok River Upstream Reach at the Bifurcation to Kebon Batur Canal

Figure 2.2.13 Dolok River Mid-stream Reach (Upstream View)

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To Dolok River

Palayaran Canal
along Pantura Road

Figure 2.2.14 Dolok River Downstream Reach beside Pantura Road

Figure 2.2.15 Dolok River Downstream Reach (North Part of Pantra Road)

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(7) Kebon Batur Canal

Kebon Batur Canal is the floodway from the Dolok River upstream reach to the
Penggaron River. The Kebon Batur Canal with the inlet gate was constructed in 1978.
Although the design capacity of the Kebon Batur Canal is 50m 3/s, probably, bigger
discharge is likely to flow into the Canal resulting in overflow along the Canal,
because the gates are fully opened during floods. The Kebon Batur Canal is
transferring floods from the Dolok River System to the Penggaron River System,
which is heavy burden for the Penggaron River System in terms of flood control.

Figure 2.2.16 Inlet Gate of the Kebon Batur Canal

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