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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The eastern part of Semarang City as well as the western part of Kabupaten Demak have been
suffered from frequent floods caused by the rivers, inland floods by storm rainfall and high tide.
Floods by high tide occur in the low-lying and wetland areas along the coasts of Java Sea. As
for the floods from the rivers in these areas, the Penggaron River and the Dolok River are the
origins of the floods. The Penggaron River is divided into three (3) rivers from the downstream
of Pucanggading, which are the East Floodway (Kanal Banjir Timur: KBT), Babon River and
the Dombo-Sayung River. Originally, only the Babon River was connected with the Penggaron
River as its downstream part of the river. Afterwards, in order to control floods of the
Penggaron-Babon Rivers, the East Floodway (KBT) was artificially connected with the
Penggaron River at Pucanggading. Then, the Dombo-Sayung River was recently connected with
the Penggaron/ Babon River at Pucanggading as another floodway from the Penggaron River. In
addition, in order to control floods of the Dolok River, Kebon Batur Canal was constructed as a
floodway from the Dolok River to the Penggaron River in the upstream of the Pucanggading.
However, this inter-basin flood transfer from the Dolok River to the Penggaron River has been
additional burden for the Penggaron River in terms of flood control.
Also, in order to realize flood control in these areas, various flood control plans have been
formulated and proposed by the following studies.
1) Dolok Penggaron Drainage Design, Feasibility Study, DHV, October 1992
2) The Master Plan on Water Resources Development and Feasibility Study for Urgent
Flood Control and Urban Drainage in Semarang City and Suburbs, Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA), November 1993
3) Semarang Flood Control Project, Consolidated Preparation Study, under IBRD
Loan, November 1999
4) Detail Desain Sistem Sungai Dolok Penggaron (Kanal Banjir Timur – Dombo
Sayung), PT.Jasapatria Gunatama, November 2009
However, in spite of these efforts for controlling floods from the rivers, flood problems have not
been solved yet in the eastern part of Semarang City and the western part of Kapubaten Demak.
The rapid urbanization in the eastern part of Semarang City and the surrounding areas has
aggravated the flood problems in these areas.
Furthermore, land subsidence can be observed especially in the downstream reaches of the
KBT, Babon, Dombo-Sayung and Dolok Rivers and the surrounding areas up to the coasts of
the Java Sea, which has made flood problems more difficult.
In addition, there is a possibility of sea water level rise and increase of amount and frequency of
storm rainfall due to climate change.
Considering the above situation, it is very necessary to update and formulate flood control
master plan and priority project(s) for these river systems in the eastern part of Semarang City
and western part of Kapubaten Demak. For formulating the flood control master plan and
priority project(s), land subsidence and climate change are also taken into account .
Feasibility Study:
① East Floodway (KBT)
including D/D for the
Downstream Reach 3
Master Plan Study:
② Penggaron/ Babon River
2
③ Dombo-Sayung River
④ DolokRiver
1
Name River Length
River length
Name (km)
(km)
KBT: Detailed
Land Subsidence Area
KBT 14.6 Design (D/D)
BKT 14.6
- Candi
- Candi
2.7
2.7
Stretch Pucanggading Weir
- Bajak 3.4 4
- Bajak 3.4 Pucanggading
-- Kudung
KudungMundu
Mundu 8.1
8.1
Babon
Babon 17.0
17.0
Dombo-Sayung
Dombo-Sayung 19.0
19.0
Dolok
Dolok 30.4
30.4
Penggaron
Penngaron 19.8
19.8
Kebon
Kebonbetur
Baturcanal
Canal 3.8