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University of Gondar
Institute of Technology
Department of CoTM

Building construction II
Solomon A. (MSc.), PE
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External works
 In the urban context not only the buildings but equally
so the connective webs of open spaces between the 3

buildings play an important part

 It is these spaces which link buildings and penetrate
into their interiors with which the urban designer
works.

o Paving,
o Gardening,
o Drainage,
o Fences and
o Sewerage lines/Septic tank/
Constructions
 PAVING 4

o The action of making pavement which is making

the natural ground level comfortable for traffics.
o Traffic mean motion vehicle, human beings, and
animals.
o Pavement is a flat plate made for traffic to convey
safely through it.
o It is a means of most familiar transportation line.
o It also made from different engineering materials.
 Cont… 5

Definition
o to cover (a road, path, etc) with a firm surface
suitable for travel, as with paving stones or
concrete
o to serve as the material for a pavement or other
hard layer bricks paved the causeway
o to cover with a hard layer (of) shelves paved with
marble
o to prepare or make easier (esp in the phrase pave
the way)to pave the way for future development
Pavement
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Pavement
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Pavement
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 Cont.…
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PAVEMENT MATERIALS
o Asphalt concrete
o Concrete
o Stone
o Gravel/Selected materials
 HOW TO MAKE/PREPARE PAVEMENT (PAVING)
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o Clearing the NGL means removing organic matter

from it.
o Excavating bulkily (cut and fill) to comprehend the
required thickness which analyzed and designed as a
result of traffic pick load
o Compacting the formation level.
oFilling and compacting the selected material as per
its design thickness and MDD.
oFinally just making surfacing from different
pavement materials.
 GARDENING 11

Is the action of making the meadow.

o This process is making the NGL which is esthetically
attractive for the landscape.
o This process need a number of steps to make the NGL
for this activity.
o This process have a significant advantage for one town
living harmony.
o This process have a crucial role in creating a good
environment hygiene.
 GARDENING PROCESS
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o Plowing the existing NGL.
o Removing the granular and bolder matters
o Checking the existing soil type.
o Preparing the root zone having mixing
different type of remaining soils and organic/
synthetic fertilizers.
o Planting the grass and the other plant as per
its landscape design.
o Watering frequently.
o Finally checking and following the garden
wellbeing.
Gardening
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Gardening
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Gardening
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 FENCE
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o It is an enclosing wall which is built around the

compound
o Its importance is to give security for that given
compound
o It may mad from different engineering material
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Requirement of fence
o Strength for different imposed load
o Security system for theft action
o Aesthetic of the building
 MARTIAL USED FOR FENCE
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oStone
oBrick
oHCB
oConcrete
oSteel
oWood
oPlants
Fences
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Fences
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Fences
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With gates
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Danger fence
 Septic tank
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o This is a water-dependent system which consists of a piped

transfer system, called the sewer line, manholes or
inspection chambers, a treatment unit and a disposal
system.
o The defecation unit is normally a vitreous china seating
bowl or squatting plate which is fixed with a trap with a
water seal of 50 to 75 mm'.
oThe excreta are flushed out of the bowl with 8 to 10 liters
water from a flushing cistern through the sewer pipes (or
foul water drains) and manholes into the treatment unit.
oThis is an underground, water-tight tank, normally built in
reinforced concrete and known as the "septic tank
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o Where the drainage system is not available a septic tank is
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preferable to a cesspool.
Septic tank
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Septic tank
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Septic tank
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 DRAINAGE
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o The most important external work is drainage.
o "Drainage" means the removal of any liquid by a system which is
specifically constructed for this purpose.
o Whereas a Foul Water Drain is a drain conveying foul water (water
contaminated by soil waste, waste or trade effluent) normally
underground (and which will be described under "Sewage Disposal"
in "Basic Services"), a Surface Water Drain is a drain conveying
surface water (run-off of natural water from the ground surface, paved
areas, roofs and unpaved land).
oIn certain conditions a Subsoil Water Drain may be necessary, which
is a drain conveying subsoil water, that is water occurring naturally
below the surface of the ground, e.g. on large areas of flat ground, like
a football pitch or other playing fields
Questions- ?
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