1

CONST 285: Construction Estimating

Earthwork Problems (from Chapter 16)

Question and Answer Screenshot of Calculation
The swell percentage is
Swell% = ((108 lb/ft3 / 85 lb/ft3) - 1) x 100
= 27.1%
The shrinkage percentage is
Shrinkage% = (1 - (108 lb/ft3 / 120 lb/ft3) x
100 = 10%

Question 1

10%

Question 2 The swell percentage is

Swell% = ((100 lb/ft3 / 90 lb/ft3) - 1) x 100
4,8% = 11.1%
The shrinkage percentage is
Shrinkage% = (1 - (100 lb/ft3 / 105 lb/ft3) x
100 = 4,8%

Question 3 Volume # 1 = ((7 ft x 7ft x 7 ft) /3) = (114.3 ft

3 / 27 ft 3 / yd 3) = 4.23 yd 3 x 4 = 16.9 yd 3
Volume # 2 = (7 ft x 7 ft / 2) x 58 ft = (1,421
ft 3 / 27 ft 3 / yd 3) = 52.63 yd 3 x 2 =105.2 yd 3
Volume # 3 = (7 ft x 7 ft / 2) x 32 ft = (784 ft 3
/ 27 ft 3 / yd 3) = 29.04 yd 3 x 2 =58.1 yd 3
Volume # 4 = 58 ft x 32 ft x 7 ft = (12,992 ft 3
/ 27 ft 3 / yd 3) = 481.2 yd 3
Total exacavation volume = 661.4 yd 3
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating

Question 4
Volumen (w ave)(Lave)(Dave)
35+2*2=39 TOE of slopes
47+2*2 = 51
1.5
6
39*51*6=11934
39*6(6*1.5)=2106
51*6*(6*1.5)=2754
4*6(6*1.5) (6*1.5)/3=648

Volume 17442/27ft3= 646

Geometric = 646 cyd

Total exacavation volume = 646 yd 3

((32+46)/2*((58+72)/2)*7)/27
(39*65*7)/27= 657cyd

Question 5
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating

Question 6 ((39+57)/2*((51+69)/2)*6)/27
(48*60*6)/27= 640cyd

Question 7 7*(32*58)+46*72)/(2*27)
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating
7*(1856+3312)/54=670cyd

Question 8 6*(39*51)+57*69)/(2*27)
6*(1989+3933)/(54)=658 cyd
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating

Question 9 32*58+46*72+((32*58)*(46*72)0.5)/3*27
=661cyd modified – average – end
method
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating

Question 10 646 cyd modified – average – end

method
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating
Question 11 Cross – sectional 657 yd3 error -2.6%
Step 1: Divide the site into grids.
Step 2: Calculate the cut or fill at each grid intersection.
Vtotal =
Step 3: Separate the cuts and fills with a zero line.
Step 4: Calculate the volume of the cuts and fills. 19.44+33.57+124.44+566.22=657

Question 12 Cross – sectional 623.43 yd3 error

Step 1: Divide the site into grids.
Step 2: Calculate the cut or fill at each grid intersection.
Step 3: Separate the cuts and fills with a zero line.
Step 4: Calculate the volume of the cuts and fills.
-2.6%
V1 = (0+0+0+5)5x21(1/27ft3)=19.44
V2 = (0+0+5+0)5x24(1/27ft3)=22.22
V3=(0+0+0+5)28*24(1/27ft3)=124.44
V4=(0+0+0+21)21*28(1/27ft3)=457.33

Vtotal =
19.44+22.22+124.44+566.22=623.43
Question 13 Volume =L(A1 + A2)/2

Volume 0+00 to 0+50=50(0+235)/2(1/27)=217.59

Volume 0+50 to 1+00=50(235+475)/2(1/27)=657.40
Volume 1+00 to 1+50=50(475+232)/2(1/27)=654.62
Volume 1+50 to 2+00=50(232+52)/2(1/27)=262.96
Volume 2+00 to 2+25=25(52+0)/2(1/27)=24.074
Volume total = 1816.64yd3

Question 14

Volume 0+00 to 0+50=50(0+175)/2(1/27)=217.59

Volume 0+50 to 1+00=50(175+250)/2(1/27)=657.40
Volume 1+00 to 1+50=50(250+75)/2(1/27)=654.62

Volumen of cut= 1529.61yd3

Fill
Volume 0+0 to 0+50=50(0+10)/2(1/27)=0.685

Volume 0+50 to 1+00=50(10+45)/2(1/27)=50.925

Volume 1+00 to 1+50=50(45+225)/2(1/27)=250

Volume 1+50 to 2+00=50(225+450)/2(1/27)=625

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CONST 285: Construction Estimating
Volume 2+00 to 2+25=25(450+0)/2(1/27)=208.33
Volume total fill = 1134.94yd3

Question 15

Volume footing =(24ft )(50ft )(7ft )(1/27)=311.11

Volume column = (3ft)(15ft)(3ft)(1yd3/27)=5
The volume of backfill
Volume 661 yd3 -312 yd3 – 5 yd3 = 344 yd3

Question 16
Volume footing =(45ft )(33ft )(6ft )(1/27)=330
-(5*21*6)/27=23.33
330-23.33=306.66yd3
Volume column = (2ft)(12ft)(2ft)(1yd3/27)=1.77
The volume of backfill
Volume 646 cyd yd3 -306.66 yd3 – 1.77 yd3 = 337.56 yd3

Question 17

Bank density 105 lb/cft

Loose dry density 80 lb/cft
Compacted dry density 110 lb/cft
Swell percentage 31 %
Shrinkage percentage 5%
Volume of fill 344
Excavated volume359cyds(661-362=298.89)

Vd = 344yd3/(1-5/100)=362

=661-362=298.89
Vl=298.89x(1+31/100)=391.55

Question 18

Swell percentage 25 %
Shrinkage percentage 8%
Volume of fill 337.56
Excavated volume 279.086 cyds 646-366.91=279.086

Vd = 337.56 yd3/(1-8/100)=366.91

=646-366.91=279.086
Vl=279.086x(1+25/100)=348.857
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating

Question 19

E- P-
grad grad Cut/F
  e e ill
104, 104,
1-A 5 5 0,00
104, 104,
1-B 7 7 0,00
105, 105,
1-C 1 1 0,00
105, 105,
1-D 3 3 0,00
105, 105,
1-E 9 9 0,00
106, 106,
1-F 1 1 0,00
106, 106,
1-G 5 5 0,00
Total Vol. Grd line-1 0,00
       
104, 104,
2-A 2 2 0,00
104, 104,
2-B 6 7 0,10
104, 104,
2-C 8 7 -0,10
105, 104,
2-D 3 7 -0,60
105, 104,
2-E 5 7 -0,80
105, 104,
2-F 8 7 -1,10
2-G 106 106 0,00
-
Total Vol. Grd line-2 33,07
       
103, 103,
3-A 9 9 0,00
104, 104,
3-B 3 7 0,40
104, 104,
3-C 7 7 0,00
104, 104,
3-D 9 7 -0,20
105, 104,
3-E 2 7 -0,50
3-F 105, 104, -0,70
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating
4 7
105, 105,
3-G 5 5 0,00
-
Total Vol. Grd line-3 13,23
       
103, 103,
4-A 4 4 0,00
104, 104,
4-B 0 7 0,70
104, 104,
4-C 5 7 0,20
104, 104,
4-D 8 7 -0,10
105, 104,
4-E 1 7 -0,40
105, 104,
4-F 1 7 -0,40
105, 105,
4-G 3 3 0,00
Total Vol. Grd line-4 0,00
       
103, 103,
5-A 1 1 0,00
103, 104,
5-B 3 7 1,40
104, 104,
5-C 1 7 0,60
104, 104,
5-D 3 7 0,40
104, 104,
5-E 6 7 0,10
104,
5-F 105 7 -0,30
5-G 105 105 0,00
Total Vol. Grd line-5 29,10
       
102, 102,
6-A 8 8 0,00
103, 104,
6-B 2 7 1,50
103, 104,
6-C 6 7 1,10
103, 104,
6-D 9 7 0,80
104, 104,
6-E 5 7 0,20
104, 104,
6-F 7 7 0,00
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CONST 285: Construction Estimating
104, 104,
6-G 9 9 0,00
Total Vol. Grd line-6 47,62
       
102, 102,
7-A 7 7 0,00
102, 102,
7-B 9 9 0,00
103, 103,
7-C 1 1 0,00
103, 103,
7-D 5 5 0,00
103, 103,
7-E 9 9 0,00
104, 104,
7-F 4 4 0,00
104, 104,
7-G 7 7 0,00
Total Vol. Grd line-7 0,00
       
Total
Volume     30,42
Total
Volume -
Fill     30,42
       
       
Volume of 30,4
Fill 2 cyds  
Swell
Percentag
e 28 %  
Shrink
Percentag
e 5 %  
       
Excavated
(Bank)
Volume 32 cyds  
Transport
ed
(Loose) cyd
Volume 41 s