Product R & D Session 8

Project Network Analysis

PERT & CPM Part 1

Department of Chemical Engineering

IIT Bombay
2nd Semester 2020 - 2021

V. M. Naik
Objective of the Session: Introduction to ….
Project Planning
Networks
(i) Home Base Expertise

(ii) Generic R&D Expertise

Competencies
Domain
Knowledge/
Expertise
 Project Planning Networks:
PERT & CPM
• Part I
– Introduction to Concepts and Rules
– Simple Network Development Exercises
• Part II
– Introduction to Time Analysis
– Case Study
 Introduction to PERT - 1
Used for Planning and Scheduling of Large Complex Projects

The Provocation:
 Introduction to PERT - 1
Used for Planning and Scheduling of Large Complex Projects
Born Out of Sheer Desperation in 1956/1958
The Provocation:
Polaris Missile Submarine
Programme of US Navy

Nearly 11000 contractors

were working on different
tasks of the Programme.

PERT technique was used

to reduce the project time
from 5 (?) years to 3 years
Around the same time DuPont and Remington Rand developed
the CPM technique for managing plant maintenance projects
A Small Sample Network for Renovation of a Room
 Introduction to PERT - 3
What Is PERT Network ?:
Logic diagram for a project, showing
chronological linkages and constraints among
“Activities” and “Events”…….. “Map” of tasks and
their interrelationships
Objectives:
To seek answers to questions regarding :
• Minimum time required to complete a project
• Likely delay in project completion if a particular
task is delayed
• Opportunities to shorten the project completion
time
To work in unison, as a team
 Some Definitions :
Activity:
Task/operation which
requires time, and which
may or may not require
resource for completion.
Activity is indicated by an
arrow. It begins at an event
and ends at another event.
One Activity can be
represented by only one
arrow.
Event: A node marking
completion of a set of tasks
(indicated by circle). This is
a moment. There is zero
time duration involved.
Path:Set of consecutive
arrows starting from one
event and ending in to
another
Explain Logical Relationships, Rules,
Dummy Activities Etc
…..
……

…….
Exercise 1 ……… 10 Seconds for Each
Question

Tick Off the Correct Statement/Diagram

Q1) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

2
B
C
1 3
A

a) ‘A’ AND ‘C’ ARE COMPONENTS OF ‘B’

b) ‘B’ FINISHES AFTER ‘A’ ENDS
c) ‘C’ IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ‘A’ AND ‘B’
 Q 1) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

2
B
C
1 3
A

a) ‘A’ AND ‘C’ ARE COMPONENTS OF ‘B’ ……………... X

b) ‘B’ FINISHES AFTER ‘A’ ENDS………………………….X

c) ‘C’ IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ‘A’ AND ‘B’…….. X

Q 2) TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM: IF ‘A’
BEGINS AFTER ACTIVITY ‘C’

a) A C b) C A

C C A
c) d)

A
Q 2) TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM: IF ‘A’
BEGINS AFTER ACTIVITY ‘C’

a) A C b) C A
X X

C C A
c) d)

A X 
 Q 3)TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

A C
1
B

a) ‘C’ CAN START WHEN ‘A’ FINISHES

b) ‘1’ OCCURS WHEN ‘A’ AND ‘B’ ARE COMPLETE
c) ‘1’ OCCURS WHEN THE GREATER OF ‘A’ OR ‘B’ ARE
COMPLETE
 Q 3) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

A C
1
B

a) ‘C’ CAN START WHEN ‘A’ FINISHES………………………. X

b) ‘1’ OCCURS WHEN ‘A’ AND ‘B’ ARE COMPLETE………… 
c) ‘1’ OCCURS WHEN THE GREATER OF ‘A’ OR ‘B’ ARE….. X
COMPLETE
Q 4)TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM: IF ‘A’
BEGINS AFTER ACTIVITY ‘D’ BUT BEFORE ‘E’

a) b)
A D A
D E
E

c)
D A E
Q 4) TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM: IF ‘A’ BEGINS
AFTER ACTIVITY ‘D’ BUT BEFORE ‘E’

a) b)
A D A
D E
X
E
X
 c)
D A E

A More Precise Statement Should Have Been

IF ‘A’ BEGINS AFTER ACTIVITY ‘D’ ENDS;
AND ENDS BEFORE ACTIVITY ‘E’ CAN BEGIN
Q 5) TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM:IF ACTIVITY
‘A’ BEGINS AFTER ACTIVITIES ‘D’ & ‘E’ ARE
COMPLETED
a) b)
D A

A
D E
E

c)
D E A
Q 5) TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM:IF ACTIVITY ‘A’
BEGINS AFTER ACTIVITIES ‘D’ & ‘E’ ARE COMPLETED

a)  b) X
D A

A
D E
E

( Only immediately preceding activities are supposed

c) X to be stated in the dependence conditions)

D E A
 Q 6) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

A B
C

a) C=A+B………………………………………………………….
b) ‘B’ AND ‘C’ FINISH AFTER ‘A’ FINISHES………………….
c) ‘A’ AND ‘C’ CAN START TOGETHER………………………
d) ‘B’ AND ‘C’ FINISH TOGETHER…………………………….
 Q 6)TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

A B
C

a) C=A+B…………………………………………………………. X
b) ‘B’ AND ‘C’ FINISH AFTER ‘A’ FINISHES…………………. X
c) ‘A’ AND ‘C’ CAN START TOGETHER……………………… 
d) ‘B’ AND ‘C’ FINISH TOGETHER……………………………. X
 Q 7) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

X A Y

a) ‘X’ AND ‘Y’ OCCUR TOGETHER

b) EITHER ‘X’ OR ‘Y’ CAN OCCUR FIRST
c) ‘Y’ TAKES PLACE AFTER ‘X’
 Q 7)TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

X A Y

a) ‘X’ AND ‘Y’ OCCUR TOGETHER…………………….. 

b) EITHER ‘X’ OR ‘Y’ CAN OCCUR FIRST…………….. X
c) ‘Y’ TAKES PLACE AFTER ‘X’…………………………. X
 Q 8) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

A B
1

C D
2

a) ‘B’ CAN START AFTER ‘A’ FINISHES

b) ‘D’ CAN START AFTER ‘A’ AND ‘C’ FINISH
c) ‘2’ OCCURS WHEN BOTH ‘A’ AND ‘C’ ARE COMPLETE
 Q 8) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

A B
1

C D
2

a) ‘B’ CAN START AFTER ‘A’ FINISHES……………………………..

b) ‘D’ CAN START AFTER ‘A’ AND ‘C’ FINISH……………………… 
c) 
‘2’ OCCURS WHEN BOTH ‘A’ AND ‘C’ ARE COMPLETE………
 Q 9) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

A B
1

D C
2

a) ‘1’ OCCURS ON COMPLETION OF ‘D’…………………………….

b) ‘D’ MUST BE COMPLETE FOR B AND C TO START……………
c) ‘A’ MUST BE COMPLETE FOR ‘B’ AND ‘C’ TO START…………
 Q 9) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

A B
1

D C
2

a) ‘1’ OCCURS ON COMPLETION OF ‘D’…………………………….X

b) ‘D’ MUST BE COMPLETE FOR B AND C TO START……………

c) ‘A’ MUST BE COMPLETE FOR ‘B’ AND ‘C’ TO START…………X
 Q 10) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

D B
A

a) ‘D’ IS A DUMMY. THEREFORE ‘A’ AND ‘B’ TAKE THE SAME

TIME………………………………………………………………………
b) ‘A’ TAKES LONGER TIME TO COMPLETE THAN ‘B’ DOES……..
c) ‘B’ MUST START AFTER ‘A’ DOES………………………………….
 Q 10) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

D B
A

a) ‘D’ IS A DUMMY. THEREFORE ‘A’ AND ‘B’ TAKE THE SAME

TIME………………………………………………………………………X
b) ‘A’ TAKES LONGER TIME TO COMPLETE THAN ‘B’ DOES…….. X
c) ‘B’ MUST START AFTER ‘A’ DOES…………………………………. X
Q 11) TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM: IF ‘A’
& ‘B’ CAN START AFTER C & D END
a)
C D A B

c)

b) C
C A A

D B B D
Q 11) TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM: IF ‘A’
& ‘B’ CAN START AFTER C & D END

a) X
C D A B
c) 

b) X* C
C A A

D B D
B
Q 11) TICK OFF THE CORRECT DIAGRAM: IF ‘A’
& ‘B’ CAN START AFTER C & D END
a) X
C D A B
c) 

b)  C
C A A

D B B D
 Q 12) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

B 2
1 D
3

a) ‘B’ AND ‘D’ ARE FINAL ALTERNATIVE ACTIVITIES……………

b) ‘B’ STARTS BEFORE ‘D’……………………………………………
c) ‘B’ IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN ‘D’………………………………
d) B CAN START AT THE INSTANT 3 OCCURS…………………..
 Q 12) TICK OFF THE CORRECT STATEMENT

B 2
1 D
3

a) ‘B’ AND ‘D’ ARE FINAL ALTERNATIVE ACTIVITIES……………X

b) ‘B’ STARTS BEFORE ‘D’…………………………………………… X
c) ‘B’ IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN ‘D’………………………………X
d) B CAN START AT THE INSTANT 3 OCCURS………………….. 
 Exercise 2
Develop a Network Diagram

Begin by Preparing a Dependence Table

Dependence Table Format (for Exercise 2):
Task Task Depend Time
Name Description s on
A ………. Start ………
Activity
B ………. ………
C ………. ………
D
E
F C,D
G
H

Fill up the Relevant Blanks in the Table

 Dependence Table for Exercise 2:
Task Name Task Depends on Time
Description
A ………. Start Activity ………
B ………. Start Activity ………
C ………. A ………
D B
E B
F C,D
G E
H F,G; End
Activity

Next Step : Draw the Network

Answer : Network for
2
Home Assignment on Moodle - PERT CPM Exercise No 3:
Prepare Activity Diagrams for Dependence Tables 2, 3, 4
A
Activity Depends X
on B
1) X A, B

Activity Depends
on
2) X A, B
Y B
Submit The Images Before 4PM On
Activity Depends 8th Feb 2021
on WRITE NAME AND ROLL NUMBER ON
3) X A, B TOP OF THE PAPER
Y B, C

Activity Depends
on
4) X A
Y B
Z A, B
Home Assignment on Moodle – PERT CPM
4

1) Prepare a Dependence Table

2) Draw a Rough Network Showing the Logically Correct Linkages
3) Refine and Re-draw a Neat Network Minimizing the Number of Criss-Cross and
Backward Activity Arrows, if any.
4) Submit the images as jpeg or pdf files before 4PM on
8th Feb 2021
WRITE NAME AND ROLL NUMBER ON TOP OF EACH PAPER