SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Module 3 - Quarter 1 –WEEK 5
The Human Person as an
Embodied Spirit
3.1. Recognize how the human body imposes limits and
possibilities for transcendence.
PPT11/12-If-3.1

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

1
 Lesson The Human Person as an
Embodied Spirit
3
One of the leading subjects in the course Introduction to the Philosophy of
the Human Person is the idea that the human person is an embodied spirit. So,
what do we exactly mean by “embodied spirit”?

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

1. Describe the taste of water?

2. Describe the color blue to a blind person?
3. How will you describe how wonderful the world is to a blind person?
4. Now, try this, from the tip of your elbow try to reach your chin. So what
now? What does the exercise tell us? It is difficult. Why? What if you
don’t have a body? THE HUMAN PERSON HAS LIMITS.

WHAT ARE MY GOALS?

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1.) Recognize one’s limitations and possibilities
2.) Evaluate one’s limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence.

WHAT I KNOW?

ACTIVITY 3.1.2: One’s Limitations and Possibilities

Before we start with the module, let us check what you already know about
this course by answering this!
LOOK A PAIR! AND SHARE! Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper
or in your notebook and share it to your pair. Identify the category of limitation.
1. We have a limited life span.
2. We cannot choose our biological family.
3. We cannot teleport instantly to another location in an instant.
4. Words limit our communication with each other.
5. We cannot be in two places at the same time.
2
HUMAN COMPOSITION OF MAN
MAN (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The English term “man” is
derived from a Proto-Indo European root *man - (see Sanskrit/Avestan Manu-,
Slavic mǫž "man, male"). It is the general term commonly used to refer to the entire
human race. Other related terms, humanity, mankind, and humankind.
HUMAN refers to man as species – HOMO SAPIENS or MODERN
HUMAN BEINGS. The term human being is also used to differentiate man from
other animals.
PERSON is the personality of a human being so called “SELF”. Refers to a
human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection, responsibilities and
dignity above all. Philosopher refers to the human person as the totality of an
individual, possessing awareness, self-determination and capacity to interact with
others and with himself/herself. Personhood refers to the state of being a person.

HUMAN NATURE defines as the nature of humans especially the

fundamental characters and traits of humans. It refers to the characteristics that
distinguish humans from all other creatures. These traits are expected to arise
independent of the influence of culture and society. EXAMPLES: THINKING,
FEELING AND ACTING.

What is the human person?

Self-awareness refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself,
including his thoughts, emotions, identity and actions.
Try saying these!
● I am a person.
● I am alive.
● I exist.
● I am here. I am present.
● I am living at this very moment.

3
Let’s examine
● Little Jose is playing in the living room while his mom is in the
kitchen. He accidentally bumps into a table, causing a vase to fall.
Upon hearing, his mom went to the living room and saw him,
standing near the broken vase. She asked, “Did you break the
vase?” What do you think Jose‘s answer will be?
● Self-determination refers to the capability of persons to make choices and
decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and
be goal-oriental and self-directed.
● Consequence is the result or effect of an action or condition. Philosophers believe
that a person acts freely and with due regard for the consequences of his actions.
● Externality refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with
others and the world.
● Dignity refers to the innate right to be valued and respected. Philosophers
consider all humans as having an inherent worth or value. “You’re worthless!” is
an insult since it attacks the very notion of a person having value or worth.

Limitations of the Human Person

Human persons are naturally deficient beings. This means that we are not
prepared with the best physical aspects among all the being.
1. Human persons do not have the natural ability to fly.
2. Human person cannot breathe underwater without the aid breathing
device.

LIMITATIONS CAN LEAD TO POSSIBILITIES

Transcendence is the ability to change, be
dynamic, and continually redefining one’s self which
works with our facticity to create change.

How do limitations lead to transcendence?

Facticity refers to the things in our life that are
already given. EXAMPLE: LIFE
We are free to define who we are and who we are to be.
Spatial-temporal being. As temporal beings, our most obvious limitation
is our finitude - our finite quality or state. For example, Walang forever,
pero meron talaga. As spatial beings, we are limited by our bodies to be
present in two or more places at the same time. We are limited by space
(spatial) and the time (temporal). Our spatial-temporal situation sets our
preconditions of understanding.

4
Why do we want to be in a hurry to achieve or have something which is not yet?

NOW, FUTURE, PAST

Why do we hold on or lament on something which is no longer? It is the people

closest to us that we most often neglect.
The Body as Intermediary
Intermediary means acting as a mediator (Merriam-Webster). Having a body
may prevent us from revealing what we really want to express.
How do we communicate with each other? WORDS
But can words really capture the things we want to express? But this limitation
can also be an advantage...
In most cases, words are not enough. EXAMPLE: Magbabago Na Ako

WHAT’S NEW

My Milestones!
Ask your parents or guardians for assistance for the details of your milestones.
Fill in the column with the things you can do at a certain age. Another column is
for those that you wanted to do but cannot do.

\
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

ACTIVITY 3.1.1: One’s Limitations and Possibilities

Direction: Complete the chart below. Make sure that you ask or consult your
parents or any adult who have witnessed your development and reflect before
you write your answer. Copy and fill out the chart in your notebook.

5
 AGE Things that I can do Things that I cannot do
0-3
4-7
8-11
12-15
16-UP

WHAT I KNOW

In a couple of sentences, describe the following using your own ideas:

1. Hinduism:
__________________________________________________________
2. Buddhism:
__________________________________________________________
3. Christianity:
__________________________________________________________
4. Forgiveness:
__________________________________________________________
5. Suffering:
__________________________________________________________

WHAT’S IN?

“It is more fun in the Philippines!”

Write a short essay using a combination of opinions and facts about the slogan
“It is more fun in the Philippines!”
______________________________________________________________
HINDUISM
Hinduism is one of the oldest Eastern traditions practiced by hundreds of
millions of people for about 5,000 years.

At the heart of Hinduism lies the idea of human beings' quest for absolute truth,
so that one's soul and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute Soul) might become one.

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 The Aum
It is the root of the universe and everything that exists
and it continues to hold everything together.

Human beings possess dual nature:

• The spiritual and immortal essence (soul)
• Empirical life and character
Karma (कर्म )
It refers to intentional actions that affect one's fortunes in this life and the
next.
Brahman
It places a lot of emphasis on the attainment of self-knowledge.
Brahma
Most Hindus believe that Brahman is present in every person as the eternal
spirit or soul, called the atman. Brahma is the creator god in Hinduism. He is
also known as Svayambhu (self-born), Vāgīśa (Lord of Speech), and the creator
of the four Vedas, one from each of his mouths.
Brahman contains everything: creation and destruction, male and female, good
and evil, movement and stillness.
Please note that Brahma and Brahman are two different terms but differ in
spelling by only one letter.
Brahma and Brahman are two characters in Hindu religion and philosophy.
While Brahma refers to the four-faced God described in the religious texts of
Hinduism, Brahman is the Supreme Entity described in the Upanishads. It is the
Brahman that is said to manifest itself into this universe.
These are expressed in the trimurti (trinity) and are:
• Brahma, the creator
• Vishnu, the preserver
• Shiva, the destroyer
Dharma
It is the principle of cosmic order. Dharma is an important term in Indian
religion. In Hinduism, it means 'duty', 'virtue', 'morality', even 'religion' and it
refers to the power which upholds the universe and society.

7
Vishnu
Vishnu is considered the most important god in Hinduism. Vishnu has
come to earth as Rama and Krishna to save the world. Vishnu is married to
Lakshmi. Vishnu has four arms, which together hold a conch, a lotus flower, a
discus and a club. Vishnu has come down to earth many times, sometimes as an
animal, sometimes as human beings.
Nirvana
The highest state that someone can attain, a state of enlightenment,
meaning a person's individual desires and suffering go away.

The Upanishads are collection of texts that contain some of the central
philosophical concepts of Hinduism. It is also considered by Hindus to contain
utterances concerning the nature of ultimate reality and describing the character
of and path to human salvation.
Moksha
It is the transcendent state attained as a result of being released from the
cycle of rebirth.

Transmigration/Metempsychosis
Hindus believe the atman repeatedly takes on a
body until moksha. If a person led a good life, the
soul goes upward the scale. The soul of an evil
person, on the other hand, may pass into the body
of an animal.

BUDDHISM Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Like stars fading and vanishing at dawn,

Like bubbles on a fast moving stream,
Like morning dewdrops evaporating on blades of grass,
like a candle flickering in a stormy wind,
echoes, mirages, and phantoms hallucinations and like
a dream.
- The Buddha, Eight Smiles of Illusion

8
 Another Major eastern tradition is Buddhism, contained in the teachings of
its founder, Siddhartha Gautama or the Buddha. Out of the life experience and
teaching of high born Prince Gautama of the Sakya Clan in the kingdom of
Magandha sprang the religious philosophy we know as Buddhism. Turning away
from Hindu polytheism and palace pleasures, Gautama began searching for the
answers to the riddle of life’s sufferings, disease, old age, and death. From here,
Gautama’s life was devoted to sharing his “Dharma” or law of Salvation.
Reduced to its simplest form, the teaching of Buddha has been set forth
traditionally in the “Four Noble Truths” leading to the “Eightfold Path” to perfect
character or arhatship, which in turn gave assurance of entrance into Nirvana at
death.
Four Noble Truths
• Life is full of suffering;
• Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, cravings;
• Only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease;
• Such eradication of desire may be accomplished only by following the
Eightfold Path of earnest endeavor.

Eightfold Path
• Right belief in and acceptance of the "Fourfold Truth";
• Right aspiration for one's self and for others;
• Right speech that harms no one;
• Right conduct, motivated by goodwill toward all human beings;
• Right means of livelihood, or earning one's living by honorable means;
• Right endeavor, or effort to direct one's energies toward wise ends;
• Right mindfulness in choosing topics for thought; and
• Right meditation or concentration to the point of complete absorption in
mystic ecstasy.

States of Sublime Condition

• Love
• Sorrow of others
• Joy in the joy of others
• Equanimity as regards one's own joy and sorrows.

In the state of Nirvana, the effects of Karma can be overcome; the Cycle of
Rebirth is broken; and one may rest in the calm assurance of having attained a
heavenly bliss that will stretch into all eternity.

9
CHRISTIANITY

"Faith is to believe what you do not see; the

reward of this faith is to see what you believe."
- Saint Augustine

In this section, the new body of philosophical writings that sets forth new
problems is discussed. In the 5th century, St. Augustine’s writing is considered to
be the most influential in the early medieval period. This section looks at the
reasonableness of belief in God’s existence.
Saint Augustine of Hippo
Also known as the Doctor of Grace, Saint Augustine of Hippo was an early
Christian theologian and philosopher whose writings influenced the development
of Western Christianity and Western philosophy. For Augustine, wisdom is not
just an abstract logical construction; it is substantially existent as the Divine
Logos. Hence, philosophy is the love of God.
The reality of God is unquestioned in the New Testament due to the
conviction that in Jesus of Nazareth the eternal God became flesh and dwelt
among human beings.
Saint Thomas Aquinas

He was an immensely influential philosopher,

theologian, and jurist in the tradition of
scholasticism,
within which he is also known as the Doctor
Angelicus and the Doctor Communis.

10
EVALUATE OWN LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THEIR
OWN TRANSCENDENCE
Based on the preceding section, let us evaluate our human limitations and
how we can also transcend them. Many of us would experience any of the
following. Let us consider the following examples (Edwards 1983).
A. Forgiveness -When we forgive, we are freed from our anger and
bitterness because of the actions and/or words of another. On the other
hand, the hardness of our heart is reinforced by the whole series of rational
arguments.
B. The Beauty of Nature - There is perfection in every single flower; this
is what the three philosophies believed. These kinds of experiences can be
truly moments of grace. They touch us deeply and the human heart is
spontaneously lifted.
C. Vulnerability - The experience that we are contingent, that we are
dependent for our existence on another, is frightening. We need to
acknowledge the help of other people in our lives.
D. Failure - Our failures force us to confront our weaknesses and
limitations. Such acceptance of our failures makes us hope and trust that all
can be brought into good. Even if we have sinned, as Augustine had, there
is hope and forgiveness.
E. Loneliness - Our loneliness can be rooted from our sense of
vulnerability and fear of death. This experience is common. However, it is
our choice to live in an impossible world where we are always "happy" or
to accept a life where solitude and companionship have a part. With our
loneliness, we can realize that our dependence on other people or gadgets
is a possessiveness that we can be free from.
F. Love - To love is to experience richness, positivity, and transcendence.
Whether in times of ecstatic moments or struggles, the love for a friend,
between family members, or a significant person can open in us something
which takes us beyond ourselves. Life is full of risks, fears, commitment,
pain, sacrificing, and giving up things we want for the sake of the one we
love. In Buddhist view, the more we love, the more risks and fears there
are in life.

11
 ASSESSMENT

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What do you call the state of being or existence above and beyond the limits of
material experience?
A. Transition
B. Transcendence
C. Transformation
D. Transgression
2. What does the term scandare mean?
A. “to exist”
B. “to impart”
C. “to climb”
D. “to deduce”
3. According to this philosopher, the human person is an embodied spirit.
Who is he?
A. Socrates
B. Aristotle
C. Immanuel Kant
D. St. Thomas
4. Which of the following is a biological limitation for transcendence for a
student whose goal is to be a valedictorian?
A. Joining a dance troupe
B. Being absent for a week due to fever
C. Watching videos over the internet
D. Criticism from his teacher on his science project
5. Which of the following is not a possibility for transcendence?
A. Looking for help
B. Having a positive outlook
C. Working to reach a goal
D. Learning from experience
6. Magie is a poor 17-year old girl whose ultimate dream is to finish her studies.
What can she do to make her dream possible?
A. Join the school choir to lessen her stress in her studies
B. Start on organization that fights for human rights
C. Work during her free time to gain extra money for school
D. Read books on her own

12
7. Why do some people fail to experience transcendence?
A. They have a feeling that it will not occur.
B. They are not meant to experience it.
C. They are not hardworking.
D. They have a goal that is too challenging for them to achieve.
8. Which of the following statement is true?
1. Transcendence is for younger ages.
2. Transcendence is similar to self-actualization.
A. Statement 2
B. Both statements 1 and 2
C. Neither statement 1 nor 2
D. Statement 1
9. How does the human body play a role in transcendence?
1. The body has its limitations.
2. The body functions against transcendence.
A. Statement 2
B. Statement 1
C. Both statement 1 and 2
D. Neither statement 1 nor 2
10. Which statement about transcendence is true?
1. It only starts during old age
2. All personal limitations are clearly defined.
A. Both statement 1 and 2
B. Neither statements 1 nor 2
C. Statement 1
D. Statement 2

13
 ANSWER KEY

REFERENCES
1. https://www.slideshare.net/kazekage15/the-human-person-as-an-embodied- spirit-limitations-
and-transcendence
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41547202_What_Does_it_Mean_to
_Live_a_Fully_Embodied_Spiritual_Life
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man
4. https://padlet.com/cscjmnz/JimenezxJarilla
5. https://www.slideshare.net/LjJugo/human-person-as-embodied-
spirit?qid=bbd9211d-d5d2-4e03-b8c6- cd5579dd49e0&v=&b=&from_search=2
6. https://www.slideshare.net/mayoyoon/human-person-as-an-embodied-
spiritdocx?qid=b1515286-d7cc-48f8-af96- 80e9bdfb32e6&v=&b=&from_search=
7. https://www.slideshare.net/jeromecastelo/the-human-person-as-an- embodied-spirit-
152689721?qid=b1515286-d7cc-48f8-af96- 80e9bdfb32e6&v=&b=&from_search=6
8. https://www.slideshare.net/kazekage15/the-human-person-as-an-embodied- spirit-limitations-
and-transcendence?qid=b1515286-d7cc-48f8-af96- 80e9bdfb32e6&v=&b=&from_search=1
9. https://www.slideshare.net/PrmSalsag/the-body-as-limitation-and- transcendence
10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QntjdDLcTrw
11. https://www.slideshare.net/jomarienel/lesson-3-the-human-as-an-embodied-
spirit?next_slideshow=1
12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEojQSVMIZo
13. https://depedrovcatanduanes.com/files/11-Intro-to-Philo-AS-v1.0.pdf
14. https://www.slideshare.net/charinacastillano123/human-asanembodiedspirit
15. https://padlet.com/pasamontem/philoperftask
16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBTnhWEWf38

14
 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Module 3 - Quarter 1 –WEEK 6
The Human Person as an
Embodied Spirit
3.2. Evaluate own limitations and the possibilities for
their transcendence.
PPT11/12-If-3.2

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

15
 Lesson The Human Person as an
Embodied Spirit
3
RECOGNIZE THAT THE HUMAN BODY IMPOSES LIMITS AND
POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE
A. Hinduism: Reincarnation and Karma
Essential Hinduism is based on the belief in karma and has its first literary
expression in Upanishads. Everything in this life, say the Hindus, is a consequence
of actions performed in previous existence. Only by building up a fine record, or
"karma," can final salvation be attained.
B. Buddhism: Nirvana
Nirvana means the state in which one is absolutely free from all forms of bondage
and attachment. It means to overcome and remove the cause of suffering. It is also
the state or perfect insight into the nature of existence. The Buddhists see one who
has attained nirvana as one who is unencumbered from all the fetters that bind a
human being to existence.
C. St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas: Will and Love
For St. Augustine, physically we are free, yet morally bound to obey the law. The
Eternal law is God Himself. According to this law, humanity must do well and
avoid evil; hence, the existence of moral obligation in every human being.
Through prayer, modesty, fasting, and other sound measures that the Church
recommends or God provides can the heart, mind, and body be purified and
maintained.

WHAT CAN I DO?

DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions in your notebook.
1. What are your limitations as a person? What are the things that you
consider as difficult or hard for you to accomplish or believe in?
2. What are your strengths? What are the possible things or status
that you can reach or achieve in the future?
3. What are the factors affecting your limitations? How about possibilities?
4. Do you see yourself improving in 5 – 10 years’ time? How can you
say that you are improving?
5. How can you go beyond your current limitations?

16
 WHAT’S NEW?

LESSON 3.2: Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence

Many people admire Mark Zuckerberg being a co-founder
and CEO of the social-networking website Facebook,
which he started in his college dorm room at Harvard
University. He’s one of the world’s youngest
billionaires in this generation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Zuckerberg

• Like Mark, all people have dreams that they

want to fulfill. If you were finally able to meet
your dreams, how would you feel?
• Do you think your perspective in life will
change?

Let us find out the answers in this lesson!

The previous example talks about
transcendence or a state of “existence above and
beyond the limits of material experience.”
Transcendence originated from the words Trans,
meaning “go beyond”, and
scandare, meaning “climb”.
https://www.shutterst
In the example, fulfilling a dream requires ock.com/image-
transcendence because it opens a state of thinking photo/valencia-spain-
march-05-2017-
and feeling that there is something more in life than facebook-593204357
just physical and material things. Much like Abraham
Maslow’s self-actualization concepts, transcendence
is a state of being intrinsically satisfied with life
regardless of physical and tangible factors.

17
LIMITATIONS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE
Here are some limitations and possibilities for transcendence:
- may not occur to everyone
- does not come at a specified period
- varies across all people
- may coincide with physical limitations of the body
- developing a positive outlook in life
- working towards reaching a goal
- learning from experience

POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE

It is also important to know that transcendence may be applied to present
worries by living in the present. This means that life is lived from moment to
moment in a carefree and cheerful manner where concerns for stress are reserved
for the future, and regrets or guilt feelings are kept in the past.
THE HUMAN BODY IN IMPOSING LIMITS AND POSSIBILITIES
From a biological and physical standpoint, it can be recognized that the
human body, although it can perform many functions, also has limitations.
Limits in the environment, demographics, and society may also hinder a
person from reaching transcendence.
Here are some examples:
BODILY LIMITATIONS
- mental and emotional disorders (e.g. anxiety, intellectual disability)
- disabilities (e.g. amputated leg, deafness)
- disease and illnesses (e.g. hypertension, cough)
- failures and experiences (e.g. failing a subject)

SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS

- socioeconomic status
- location of neighborhood (e.g. armed, disorganized, or violent
neighborhood)
- abusive relationships (e.g. emotional abuse) negative influences
(e.g.drug use)
OVERCOMING LIMITATIONS
Bodily limits can be tested by trying on new experiences and working on
challenges with increasing levels of difficulty. The human body, if given enough
exposure to any situation, can attain a goal with efficiency.

18
 Social and environmental limitations are more difficult to overcome than
bodily limitations because they involve the influence of other people and the
external world. However, with a proper mindset, clearly defined goals, and
motivation to rise above challenges, one may successfully overcome his or her
limitations.
RECOGNIZE AND EVALUATE OWN LIMITATIONS AND
POSSIBILITIES FOR TRANSCENDENCE
Even though you are still young, you are not prevented from further
understanding yourself. Transcendence is even more possible when you begin to
understand that you can go beyond your limitations if you set your mind on your
goals.
SOME POINT TO REMEMBER WHEN GOING BEYOND YOUR
LIMITS
- you are connected to the external or eternal world
- challenges are learning opportunities
- your goal is more important than your fears
- think outside the box
- recognize that everyone has fears

TIPS
The terms “transcendent” and transcendental” should not be used
interchangeably. According to Immanuel Kant, “transcendent” is a term used to
refer to God, while “transcendental” refers to all other matter.

While transcendence may not occur for everyone, all people have the
capacity to experience it regardless of any sociodemographic, biological, or
personal factors.

19
 WHAT CAN I DO?

ACTIVITY 3.2: Limitations and Possibilities for Transcendence

DIRECTIONS: Complete the chart by rewriting your present limitations with
reference to your answers in the previous activities. Make an action plan towards
transcendence. Copy the chart in your notebook
MY LIMITATIONS PLAN TOWARDS TRANSCENDENCE

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

Discover and try it on the following questions and answer them briefly on your
activity notebook.
1. The world continues to change quickly. Nowadays, the generation gap can
easily be seen in everyday life because of new technological advances
being introduced at a fast pace.
In your personal experience, does technological advancement limit or
improve the possibility for transcendence? Why? Why not?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

2. Look around you. Observe the environment and identify possible factors
that may limit transcendence. You may also put yourself in the position of
those who experience such limitations. Identify ways on how you may
overcome those challenges.
What do you think? Is reaching transcendence always a good thing? Why?
Why not?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

20
 What I Have Learned

My Gifts!
Write a short essay describing yourself. Mention at least three (3) of your
strengths as a unique individual. (At least 100 words)

What Can I Do

Door Blocks!
In attaining your goals in life, write at least three (3) limitations/weaknesses
on the doors that you need to overcome in order to succeed.

Great job! You have understood the lesson.

Are you now ready to summarize?

21
 Assessment

Read the statements carefully. Based on the lesson, identify what is being
referred to by the following:

____ 1. It emphasizes on the idea of human beings' quest for absolute truth, so
that one's soul and the Brahman or Atman (Absolute Soul) might become
one.
____ 2. In Hinduism, it is the root of the universe and everything that exists and
it continues to hold everything together.
____ 3. It refers to intentional actions that affect one's fortunes in this life and
the next.
____ 4. It is an important term in Indian religion. In Hinduism, it means 'duty',
'virtue', 'morality', even 'religion' and it refers to the power which upholds the
universe and society.
____ 5. In Hinduism, it is the highest state that someone can attain, a state of
enlightenment, meaning a person's individual desires and suffering go away.
____ 6. It is the transcendent state attained as a result of being released from the
cycle of rebirth.
____ 7. It is a collection of texts that contain some of the central philosophical
concepts of Hinduism.
_____ 8. It is a Major eastern tradition which focuses in the teachings of its
founder, Siddhartha Gautama.
____ 9. He was an early Christian theologian and philosopher whose writings
influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.
____ 10. He was an immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in
the tradition of scholasticism, within which he is also known as the Doctor
Angelicus and the Doctor Communis.

22
 Additional Activities

How easy/difficult is it to forgive?

Describe a situation when you were deeply hurt by someone. Have you forgiven
that person? Why or why not?

Rubrics
Needs
Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Improvemen
Activity t
Total Total Total
Total points Total points
points points points
19 – 24
Max: 30 - 25 – 30 pts 13 – 18 pts 7 - 12 pts below 6 pts
pts
pts
Milestone
6 pts for every category properly filled up in both columns
s
Perfect score if maze is correct without erasures and mistakes.
Maze
Minus 3 for every error, erasure or mistake.
Few
At least 3 At least 2 At least 1 No
Door limitation
limitations limitation limitation limitations
Blocks s in any
per door s per door per door written
door
Well Satisfactoril Fairly
Excellentl Poorly
written y written written
y written written
expressio expression expressio
My Gifts expression expression of
n of their of their n of their
of their their personal
personal personal personal
personal strengths
strengths strengths strengths
strengths
Well Fairly
Excellentl Satisfactoril Poorly
How Easy written written
y written y written written
is it to personal personal
personal personal personal
Forgive experienc experienc
experience experience experience
e e

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 Answer Key:

Pretest: My Milestones: Answers may vary

Assessment:
1. Hinduism
2. Aum
3. Karma
4. Dharma
5. Nirvana
6. Moksha
7. Upanishad
8. Buddhism
9. St. Augustine
10. Saint Thomas Aquinas

REFERENCES:

Books
Christine Carmela R. Ramos, PhD. 2016. Introduction to the Philosopy of the
Human Person. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc.
pp. 47-65.

Online and Other Sources

Department of Education. http://www.deped.gov.ph/
Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirituality
Maze activity: http://www.mazegenerator.net/

Power Point Presentation:

https://www.academia.edu/34558380/The_Human_Person_As_An_Embodied_S
pirit
https://philonotes.com/index.php/2018/12/01/the-human-person-as-an-embodied-
spirit
https://padlet.com/cscjmnz/JimenezxJarilla

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