ADVANCED 1

- FRANCO VICENTE CARDENAS (COORDINATOR)

- FLORES PELAEZ PEDRO
- KEVIN SANCHE MAGALLANES
- RAMOS MILLER MIGUEL MARTIN
CHAPTER 1:
POSSIBILITY
& PERMISSIONS
 POSSIBILITY

Might & May We use these modal verbs to indicate that

something is possible in the future, although not
certain,

Can We use this modal verb to make general

statements about what is possible.

Could We use this modal verb If we refer to a possibility

in the past tense

Can not or Can’t We use this modal verb if we want to say that
something is impossible

Could not or Couldn’t We use this modal verb if we want to say that
something is impossible
 GRAMMAR

They might come later.

I may buy a car

She can run very fast.

They could call me.

They tried, but they couldn't see the movie.

We can't go to the party.


Our friends might go to
Laura's party.
I might work with my dad.
I can't walk to university.
My cousin can't play soccer
because of his injury.
EXAMPLES
I may go to beach for the
weekend.
I could go to my cousin's
party.
My mom may go to the
movies with my brother.
She could take the bus to
university.
My dad can ride his bike to
She couldn't go to the buy bread.
party.
My brother can paint with
colors and crayons.
He couldn't get into
university.
 PERMISSION

Can, May & Could We use these modal verbs to ask permission

Important!. May & Could are mor formal ways

than Can

Can & May We use this modal verb to give permission

 GRAMMAR

Can you be quiet?

May I have a median soda?

Could I ask you something?

You can go to the party.

You and your sister may have another cookie.

 EXAMPLES

Can you sit on the

furniture?

Can you write an email

to the university?
May I have a glass of
water?

May I have a piece of

bread? You can go with your
cousins to the party.

You may have a slab of

chocolate.
CHAPTER II:
OFFERS
& REQUESTS
 Offers and Requests

The offers and requests are a type of interrogative sentences

that serve to make requests or offers to other people in a
polite way.

How are requests used ?

How are offers used ?

There are several ways to

When we make an
ask someone to do
offering, we ask someone
something formally. We often
if they would like to
use please to make our
receive something from
requests more polite.
us or if they would like us
to do something for them.
It is usual to respond with
yes , please or no thanks
to the offer.
Requests

We also use may:

As with may, one can
also use might when
making formal, polite
requests.

We also use might:

As a very polite way of
asking for permission.
Might we ask you a question?
 OFFERS

WILL Shall Can Could Would

CHAPTER III:
SUGGESTIONS
& ADVICE
SHALL
▪ Shall is used to indicate future actión.
▪ It is most commonly used in sentences with “i” or “we”
▪ Shall is also frequently used in promises or voluntary actions

Examples

● Shall we help you?

Shall can be followed by have to, need to and be able to:

❑ The good news is I shall be able to join you at your meeting next week.

✓ Shall I carry this bag for you?

✓ Shall I put the heating on?

 we usually use this modal to
CAN express ability, possibility or
probability
Example

Sentence negative
▪ I can swim
▪ He can’t play the piano.
▪ Mari can’t come with us to the party.

▪ A fall from there can be painful. Example

A: Can Noel cook Italian food?
We can also use it to ask for permission or give it: B: Yes, he can.

● Can I go with you?

● Can you give me my coat?
● We can't pick the flowers in the park. Is prohibited.
● When can I talk to you about the company report?

To indicate prohibition

I can’t drive a car.

 we use could to make
COULD suggestions, we use it to
express possibility or ability in
Example

the past tense.

❖ I could help if you want.

❖ Carlos and Susana couldn’t meet last week. Polite word use to ask for permission or
to request something (in the presente)
Could I please ise you bathroom?
We also use it to request permission or make requests in a formal way.

• Could we go to the beach on Friday afternoon?

I’m busy right now. Could you call back later?
 We use the modal verbs
SHOULD should to make suggestions USES
and give advice
➢ To give advice
➢ To express an opinion
➢ To describe an obligation

EXAMPLE
 But we also use it to predict what is likely to happen
OUGHT based on substance.
● You should return that to its owner.

❖ He ought to care of his son.

❖ I ought to respect you. Finally, we also use for advice and recommendations

You ought to leave your homework done before the dinner.

MUST You must take a decision as soon as
possible

In affirmative and interrogative express

obligation
You mustn't eat in class
CHAPTER IV:
CRITICISM
 CRITICISM

We use these verbs to give advice, express

opinions, to give warning or to criticize someone.
These verbs are similar in meaning, but not
exactly the same.

SHOULD OUGHT TO

• You shouldn’t have said that. (I think you did • You should buy the green one. You ought to
the wrong thing). buy the green one
• He should have studied harder for his exams. • Everyone should see that film. Everyone ought
(I don’t think he studied hard enough). to see that film.
 DIFFERENCES

First, “ought to” is more formal, more old-fashioned, Secondly, “ought to” has a slightly different form.
and less common in modern spoken English. That Obviously, you need to add “to”. Also, the negative
means you probably won’t use “ought to” unless form is not generally contracted.
you are writing, or you want to sound very formal You shouldn’t/ought not have said that.

You can make questions with “should” and “ought

to”:
- What time should/ought to I get there?
This sounds really old fashioned and unnatural, so I
advise that you don’t use “ought to” in this way! .
 GRAMMAR & EXAMPLES

FORM EXAMPLES

You should go and see

your grandmother once a
Subject + week.
AFFIRMATIVE should /ought to +
infinitive With this temperature
you ought to visit the
doctor.
They shouldn't take that
Subject + train, it doesn't stop in
(“ought to” is not
NEGATIVE shouldn’t /ought not to + Madrid. usually used in the
negative form)
infinitive You ought not to spend
so much money.

(“ought to” is not

Should I tell him the common in
INTERROGATIVE Should /Ought to + Subject +
truth? question form)
infinitive
 FINAL TIPS

Subject + modal + basic verb + ... You should study harder.

• You should to study harder. -> Wrong!
• She ought to to drink more water. -> Wrong!

Remember that “ought to” is a modal verb and is followed by a simple

verb. The “to” is not an infinitive “to.”
• Modal + subject + basic verb + ...??
• Should I call my parents or my friend?

WH- (information) questions can also be formed by putting the WH-

question word immediately before the modal.
• What should I do about my problem?
• Where should we have dinner tonight?
• Why should you believe them?
• When should they call their boss?
THANKS!