LPE2501 ACADEMIC WRITING

LECTURE NOTES 6 (ANSWER KEY)

EXERCISE 1

Indep. 1. Sleep deprivation is caused by consistent lack of sleep or reduced

quality of sleep.
Dep. 2. While the short-term impacts are more noticeable
Indep. 3. The long-term effects of sleep deprivation and sleep deficiency
can be serious and far-reaching.
Indep. 4. A lack of sleep has also been found to induce effects that are
similar to being drunk.
Dep. 5. which slows down thinking and reaction time
Dep. 6. As sleep deprivation leads to lower alertness and concentration
Dep. 7. Because neurons do not have time to recuperate
Indep. 8. Eventually, it can cause serious cognitive impairments.
Dep. 9. Although avoiding sleep deprivation and getting quality sleep are
a challenge
Indep 10. It is possible to recover or prevent sleep deprivation with proper
sleep habits.

EXERCISE 2

1. Because it has greater impact on society as a whole.

2. As the benefits of volunteering can be enormous.
3. Who could prove to be extremely valuable when students require
recommendations and references for their future job applications.
4. Which students can easily gain from engaging in volunteering experience.
5. Since it demonstrates students’ commitment and dedication.

EXERCISE 3

Answers will vary.

EXERCISE 4

Answer will vary. Possible answers include:

1. A small amount of sun exposure is healthy, but overexposure can cause health
problems.
2. Too much sun exposure is not good for the skin, nor it is good for you genetic
material (DNA).
3. Everyone who goes outside is exposed to the sun, so it is important to know
the effects of sun exposure.
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 4. Anxiety is surprisingly common among young children, yet not many parents
are aware of it.
5. Anxiety in children should be addressed early, or it will linger and continue to
disrupt their daily life.
6. Emoji are used frequently in digital messages, and they are becoming more
diversified as well.
7. Linguists believe that emoji are not ruining language, for they are a natural
substitute for gesture in digital messages.
8. Recycling takes times and effort, but it is crucial for protecting ecosystems
and wildlife.

EXERCISE 5

Answer will vary. Possible answers include:

1. The state library is located in the centre of the city; therefore, it is easy to get
there by public transport.
2. Good communication skills are essential business skills that employers seek;
besides, they are vital for a successful career.
3. Many experts believe that self-driving cars are safer than human drivers;
however, research is still ongoing to validate the claim.
4. Human body requires a small amount of sodium to function; in contrast,
excess sodium intake has been linked to other health condition.
5. Students have to sit for the proficiency test; otherwise, their admission could
be denied by the university.
6. The average Australian consumes almost double the amount of sodium they
need for good health; thus, the National Health and Medical Research
Council (NHMRC) advises that Australian adults should aim to consume no
more than one teaspoon of salt a day.
7. It is best to stick to a healthy diet; for example, reducing the amount of fat
intake in everyday diet and eating lots of vegetables and fruit.
8. Some students scored low on the English placement test; as a result, they
need to attend intensive English course.

EXERCISE 6
Sub.
1. Because the cost of tuition fees is rising, many students must work part-time
Sub.
2. Recycling reduces the amount of rubbish sent to landfill sites as recyclable
materials are processed into new products.
Sub.
3. After they finished their degree years, most international students decided to
return home.

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 Sub.
4. If necessary precautions are taken, people can prevent health problems caused
by the haze.
Sub.
5. Students should decide a major they want to pursue by their junior year unless
they have not made up their mind yet.
Sub.
6. The finance minister says that the latest Covid lockdown would not hit the
economy as much as last year.
Sub.
7. Air pollution, which is mostly caused by motor vehicles, can cause health
problems.
Sub.
8. Though more expensive, the new model of Tesla is safer and more efficient.