CHEM 10123 GENERAL CHEMISTRY II Dr.

Fry

Problem Set 14.1: Solutions

This is only a sample of possible problem types. Use this problem set along with the lecture
examples and suggested Chapter 13 textbook problems to get the most well-rounded practice.

1. Calculate the molality of each of the following aqueous solutions: (a) 2.50 M NaCl
solution (density of solution = 1.08 g/mL) (b) 48.2 percent by mass KBr solution.

2. How many grams of sucrose (C12H22O11) must be added to 552.0 g of water to give a
solution with a vapor pressure 2.00 mmHg less than that of pure water at 20°C? (The
vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 2.33 kPa).

3. The elemental analysis of an organic solid extracted from gum Arabic (a gummy
substance used in adhesive, inks, and pharmaceuticals) showed that it contained 40.0
percent C, 6.7 percent H, and 53.3 percent O. A solution of 0.650 g of the solid in 27.8 g
of the solvent diphenyl gave a freezing point depression of 1.56 °C. Calculate the molar
mass and molecular formula of the solid (Kf for diphenyl is 8.00°C/m).

4. A solution containing 0.8330 g of a polymer of unknown structure in 170.0 mL of an

organic solvent was found to have an osmotic pressure of 5.20 mmHg at 25°C.
Determine the molar mass of the polymer. (Assume that the volume of the solution is the
same as that of the solvent).

5. A solution of 6.85 g of a carbohydrate in 100.0 g of water has a density of 1.024 g/mL

and an osmotic pressure of 4.61 atm at 20.0 °C. Calculate the molar mass of the
carbohydrate.

6. The concentration of commercially available concentrated sulfuric acid is 98.0 percent by

mass, or 18 M. Calculate the density and the molality of the solution.

7. Explain why ethanol is not soluble in cyclohexane.

8. Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of decreasing freezing point, and
explain your reasoning: 0.50 m HCl, 0.50 m glucose, and 0.50 m acetic acid.

9. Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of decreasing freezing point, and
explain your reasoning: 0.10 m HCl, 0.15 m glucose, and 0.08 m CaCl2.

10. A 20.0 gram sample of urea is added to 125.0 grams of water and stirred to dissolve at 25
⁰C. The measured vapor pressure of the solution is 22.67 torr. The vapor pressure of
pure water at 25 ⁰C is 0.03126 atm. Determine the molar mass of urea. Determine the
molarity of the urea solution. Assume density of water = 1.00 g/mL and there is no
significant volume change upon the addition of the solute

11. What is the boiling point of an aqueous solution that has a vapor pressure of 18.0 torr at
25 °C? Assume the solute is a non-electrolyte.
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CHEM 10123 GENERAL CHEMISTRY II Dr. Fry

12. A 0.92 m aqueous solution of an ionic compound with the formula MX has a freezing
point of -2.6 °C. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor for MX at this concentration.

ANSWERS:
1. (a) 2.7 m (b) 7.82 m
2. 1350 g
3. 120. g/mol C4H8O4
4. 1.75 x 104 g/mol
5. 343 g/mol
6. 1.8 g/ml; molality can range between 495 m and 520 m depending on rounding and solution
method.
7. Nonpolar cyclohexane (C6H12) cannot form hydrogen bonds like the polar ethanol
(CH3CH2OH). The energy required to break hydrogen bonds between ethanol molecules is much
larger than any attractions that could form between ethanol and cyclohexane molecules due to
weak, transient London dispersion forces; therefore ethanol and cyclohexane are immiscible.
8. 0.50 m glucose > 0.50 m acetic acid > 0.50 m HCl
Glucose is a nonelectrolyte (i = 1); acetic acid is a weak acid, therefore a weak electrolyte, so i is
between 1 and 2; hydrochloric acid is a strong acid, therefore ionizing 100% and so i is ~2. The
largest number of dissolved particles will depress the freezing point the most. Multiply the
concentration by the van't Hoff factor to get an ideal number of relative dissolved particles in the
kg of solvent.
9. 0.15 m glucose > 0.10 m HCl > 0.08 m CaCl2
The largest number of dissolved particles will depress the freezing point the most. Multiply the
concentration by the van't Hoff factor to get an ideal number of relative dissolved particles in the
kg of solvent.
0.15 x 1 = 0.15 (glucose has i = 1); 0.10 x 2 = 0.20 (HCl is a strong acid so i is ~2);
0.08 x 3 = 0.24 (i is ~3 for CaCl2)
10. Molar mass = g/mol-1 = 20.0 g/0.33356 mol = 59.96 g.mol-1
Molarity = 0.33356 mol urea/0.125 L solution = 2.668 mol.L-1
11. 109.1 °C
12. 1.5

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