Nomenclature

u(k) scalar
u(k) vector
U(k) matrix
U(jw) Fourier Transform
[] concentration
• derivative superscript
^
approximation superscript
* complex conjugate superscript
a arterial subscript, ambient subscript
α real part of quadratic root, compartmental model transfer function denominator
polynomial coefficient
A area, alveolar subscript, absorbance, optical coefficient
Ai thermistor resistance coefficients
A(k) feedback matrix containing rate constants
AC pulsatile subscript
b(t) net hepatic glucose balance
B blood subscript, bispectrum
B(k) feedforward matrix containing rate constants
Bo net balance
BI blood inlet subscript
BO blood outlet subscript
β imaginary part of quadratic root, compartmental model transfer function numerator
polynomial coefficient
βm material calibration temperature
c calibration subscript, chronaxie subscript, constant value, concentration, controller
subscript, sound propagation velocity in tissue
c(t) concentration vector
C capacitance
C(k) relationship between the concentration and desired output vectors
CM common-mode subscript
d delivered subscript, derivative subscript, deoxyhemoglobin subscript, diffusion
subscript, dialysis subscript
d/du(k) derivative
dif differential subscript
δ instantaneous subscript
D dead space subscript, downsampling constant, diffusion coefficient, dialysate subscript,
diameter
DC nonpulsatile subscript, direct current subscript
∆ change
e error, continuous envelope signal
e– electron
ε strain, emissivity, molar absorptivity, membrane porosity

xxix
xxx Nomenclature

E photonic energy, defibrillator energy, elastance, elastance subscript

E{ } expected value
E(t) glucose effectiveness
EO effective orifice subscript
f frequency, refraction subscript, feedback subscript, filter
F force, factor
Φ infrared flux
g(t) glucose concentration
G gain subscript
G(k) Jacobian matrix
h Planck’s constant, pulse
η fluid viscosity
H(s) transfer function
H(s,k) compartmental model transfer function
i current, general index, input subscript, integral subscript, incidence subscript
i(t) plasma insulin concentration
I light intensity
I(s) identity matrix
j imaginary number, scale
J flux
k discrete time (samples), rate constant, kinematic position
k admissible parameter space of rate constants
K rate of urea clearance, PID controller gain
l length, leakage current subscript, load subscript, loss subscript
λ wavelength
L inductance, inductance subscript
m quadratic root, mass
mi measured value for Bland Altman analysis
µ gain constant
M moment, membrane subscript
n number of samples, summation index, refractive index, number of loading cycles
n(k) noise sequence
n(t) noise vector
N number of molecules per unit volume, number of turns in coil
N1 negative peak in neural response waveform
o output subscript, incident subscript, peak subscript, initial loading subscript, threshold
subscript, oxyhemoglobin subscript
p photocurrent subscript, patient subscript, pulse subscript, proportionality subscript,
parameter
p uniquely identifiable parameter vector
P pressure, pressure subscript
Ph hydrostatic pressure gradient
Pi pressure at inlet of tube
Po pressure at outlet of tube
P2 positive peak in neural response waveform
 Nomenclature xxxi

θ angle
Q flow
r correlation coefficient, radius, rheobase subscript, reflection subscript
r(t) insulin in remote compartment
R specific gas constant, resistance, resistance subscript, ratio, response, reflection
coefficient
ρ density
s signal, stored subscript, sensor subscript, saturation subscript, Laplace frequency
si reference standard value for Bland Altman analysis
sq square wave subscript
S sieving coefficient
Scr serum creatinine
SI insulin sensitivity
SS steady state
σ Stefan-Boltzmann constant
t continuous time, pulse duration time, total subscript, torsional subscript, trial number
τ shear stress, membrane tortuosity
T absolute temperature, tidal subscript, surface temperature, temperature subscript,
thermistor subscript, transmission coefficient
TR transrespiratory subscript
u ultrafiltration subscript
u(k) input sequence
u(t) exogenous input vector, reconstruction vector
up(t) glucose utilization in peripheral tissues
 optical frequency
v velocity, venous subscript
visc viscosity subscript
V voltage, volume, urea volume distribution
W(n) gravimetric wear
W(z,t) longitudinal particle displacement
WT(k,2j) wavelet transform
Ω continuous frequency
Ωc continuous cutoff frequency
ΩN Nyquist frequency
Ωsampl sampling frequency
x(t) state vector
y(k) output sequence
y(t) desired output vector
ψ (t) wavelet
z longitudinal distance
Z impedance