Psychoanalytical theory It is not concerned with happiness and strives for

perfection.
Proponent: Sigmund Freud
Motivation of Behavior: People are motivated primarily
by drives and drives are found in the unconcious.

Levels of Mental Life Words have a magical power. They can bring either the
greatest happiness or deepest despair. (Sigmund Freud)
a. Conscious – the only level that is directly
available to us. It is the awareness of our own Anxiety
mental process at the given moment.
 A felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied
b. Preconscious – those elements that are not
by a physical sensation that warns the person
conscious but can become conscious either quite
against impending danger.
readily or with some difficulty.
 A feeling of dread that results from repressed
c. Unconscious – those drives, urges, or instincts
feelings, memories, desires, and experiences that
that are beyond our awareness but hat
emerge to the surface of awareness.
nevertheless motivate most of our words,
o Reality anxiety is the fear of danger
feelings, and actions.
from the external world, and the level of
such anxiety is proportionate to the
degree of real threat.
o Neurotic anxiety is the fear that the
instincts will get out of hand and cause
the person to do something for which
she or he will be punished.
o Moral anxiety is the fear of one’s own
conscience.
Defense Mechanism
 Help the individual cope with anxiety and
Out of your vulnerabilities will come your strength. prevent the ego from being overwhelmed.
(Sigmund Freud)  Characteristics of Defense mechanism
Providence of the Mind o It deny or distort reality
o It operates in unconscious level
a. Id – the pleasure principle. It is completely
unconscious where our hidden desires exist. It is
present since birth and is illogical with its
demand
b. Ego – The reality principle. The region of the
mind in contact with reality. It checks whether
the demands of the Id is realistic. The ego is
rational and it affects our decision making.
c. Super Ego – The moral principle. It starts to
exist when they learn what they should and
should not do. Just like the Id, it is impractical.
 One day, in retrospect, the years of struggle will strike
you as the most beautiful. (Sigmund Freud)

When is defense mechanism adaptive and maladaptive?

Unexpressed emotions will never die. They are buried
alive and will come forth later in uglier ways (Sigmund
Freud)
Being entirely honest with oneself is a good exercise.
(Sigmund Freud)
Psychotherapy
 Free association
 Dream Analysis
 Transference Analysis (the deep patterning of
old experiences in relationship as they emerge in
current life)
 Working through process (repetitive and
elaborate explorations of unconscious material
and defenses, most of which originated in early
childhood.
How does you core conflicts and core defenses manifest
in your daily life?
Most people do not really want freedom, because
freedom involves responsibility, and most people are
frightened of responsibility. (Sigmund Freud)
Resolution of old patterns enables you to make new
choices