“A STUDY OF TOTAL LOGISTICS SERVICE IN INDIA

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GREENWICH MERIDIAN

LOGISTICS PVT LTD

Project submitted to Bharathiar University Coimbatore in Partial

Fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

(LOGISTICS & SHIPPING)

By

ABDULLA NASEEF KP
(17P25L0232)

Under the Guidance of

Mr. SAM.E M.Com., M.Phil., 𝐏𝐡. 𝐃

(Assistant Professor)

BBA (LOGISTICS & SHIPPING)

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES COIMBATORE

MARINE COLLEGE, COIMBATORE, TAMILNADU,INDIA

DECEMBER 2020

7
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project work on the topic “A STUDY REPORT ON

FREIGHT FORWARDING INDUSTRY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO

GREENWICH MERIDIAN LOGISTICS PVT LTD” is a Bonafide record of work

done by ABDULLA NASEEF KP (17P25L0232) in the partial of the requirement for the

award of degree of BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (LOGISTICS

AND SHIPPING)

Signature of Guide Head of the Department

Submitted for the Viva Voce

Examination Held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

8
 DECLARATION

I, ABDULLA NASEEF KP (17P25L0232) hereby declare that the Project Work

entitled “A STUDY REPORT ON FREIGHT FORWARDING INDUSTRY WITH

SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GREENWICH MERIDIAN LOGISTICS PVT LTD”

submitted to the BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY. In partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration (Logistics and

Shipping) is a record of original work done by me, under the guidance of Mr. SAM.E

M.Com., M.Phil., 𝐏𝐡. 𝐃 (Department of Management Studies at Coimbatore Marine

College, Coimbatore) and it has not formed the part of any other project work submitted for

award of any Degree/Diploma/Fellowship/either in this or any other University.

Place: Coimbatore ABDULLA NASEEF KP

Date: (17P25L0232)

Countersigned

Head of the Department

9
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Dedicating this Project to the almighty God whose abundant grace and mercies
enable its successful completion. I would like to express my profound gratitude to the person
who have inspired and motivated me to make this Project work a success.
On the outlet me take this opportunity to express my sincere thanked to
C/E. T. NEDUMARAN, Academic Director & Principal, Coimbatore Marine College for
having provided me an opportunity to do this project as a part of my curriculum.
I owe my thanks to my benevolent guiding light Dr.S.SENTHILKUMAR MIB.,
M.Phil., Ph.D. DEAN & HOD, Department of Logistics and Shipping, Coimbatore Marine
College, for his valuable advice and suggestions towards the completion of this project.
I am grateful to my guide Mr. SAM.E M.Com., M.Phil., 𝐏𝐡. 𝐃 Assistant Professor
of Department of Logistics and Shipping, Coimbatore Marine College, as an inspiring guide
who has helped me throughout with his an utmost guidance for completing my research work
on time with great success.
I would like to express my gratitude towards CEO, Manager, employees of
GREENWICH MERIDIAN LOGISTICS PVT LTD for the kind co-operation and
forgiving me such attention and time. My heartfelt thanks to my parents who helped me by
providing all assistance and their love made me to work further.

ABDULLA NASEEF KP

10
 CONTENTS
Sl. No CONTENTS Page.
No

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I

2 LIST OF TABLES Ii

3 LIST OF IMAGES Ii

4 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE 1-3

STUDY

5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-6

6 CHAPTER III LOGISTICS INDUSTRY- AN 7-31

OVERVIEW

7 CHAPTER IV EXPORTS AND IMPORT PROCEDURE 32-53

8 CHAPTER V FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND 54-55

CONCLUSION

9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 56-57

LIST OF TABLES
Table.
Sl.no No Title Pg. no

Documents need for sea export

1 4.1 34

2 4.2 Flow chart of export procedure 34

3 4.3 Chain Graph of Ocean Imports 37

4 4.4 Flow Chart of Documentation 38

5 4.5 Direct port delivery 40

6 4.6 Issuance of Delivery 41

11
 ii
LIST OF IMAGES
Image
Sl.no no Title Pg. no

1 Company Logo
3.1 10

2 3.2 Ocean line Partners 13

3 3.3 Branches In India 13

4 3.4 Branches All Around World 19

5 3.5 Warehouses 21

6 3.6 Specific subclass from achieve drawer 22

7 3.7 Business logistics 25

8 3.8 Unit loads for transportation 27

9 3.9 Push-backrack for motorcycles 28

10 3.10 Airline logistics network 29

11 4.1 Dry containers 46

12 4.2 Flat rack containers 46

13 4.3 Open top containers 47

14 4.4 Tunnel containers 47

15 4.5 Side open storage container 48

16 4.6 RefrigeratorISO containers 48

17 4.7 Tanks 49

18 4.8 Cargo storage roll containers 49

19 4.9 Half height containers 50

20 Car carriers
4.10 50

21 Drums
4.11 51

12
22 Special purpose containers
4.12 51
ii

13
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTIONAND DESIGN OF
THE STUDY

1.1. INTRODUCTION

1.2. NEED OF THE STUDY

1.1. INTRODUCTION
1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.2. NEED OF THE STUDY
1.4 .RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.4 .RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.6. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1.5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1.7 CHAPTER SCHEME
1.6. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

1.7 CHAPTER SCHEME

14
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE STUDY
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This project is all about to know about export import procedure/ documentation
of shipment. This project puts more focus on to know customs clearness, to make export
– import invoice, to get shipping bill number from customs department etc. This project
will also find out how Committed Cargo Pvt. Ltd. Could sustain in the competitive
world by providing vast range of cargo handling through all instruments which flexible
prompt and innovative in meeting the requirement of the customer. The purpose of the
study was to know about export – import documentation of seaway in the committed
cargo Pvt. Ltd.
A freight forwarder, forwarder, or forwarding agent, also known as a non-vessel
operating common carrier (NVOCC), is a person or company that organizes shipments
for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a
market, customer or final point of distribution. Forwarders contract with a carrier or
often multiple carriers to move the goods. A forwarder does not move the goods but acts
as an expert in the logistics network. These carriers can use a variety of shipping modes,
including ships, airplanes, trucks, and railroads, and often do utilize multiple modes for
a single shipment.
For example, the freight forwarder may arrange to have cargo moved from a
plant to an airport by truck, flown to the destination city, then moved from the airport
to a customer's building by another truck. International freight forwarders typically
handle international shipments and have additional expertise in preparing and
processing customs documentation and performing activities pertaining to international
shipments.
Information typically reviewed by a freight forwarder includes the commercial
invoice, shipper's export declaration, bill of lading and other documents required by the
carrier or country of export, import, and/or transshipment. Much of this information is
now processed in a paperless environment. The FIATA shorthand description of the
freight forwarder as the "Architect of Transport" illustrates the commercial position of
the forwarder relative to its client. In Europe, some forwarders specialize in "niche"
areas such as rail-freight, and collection.

15
1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY
 To identify various procedures involved in import and export.
 To know more about various dry cargos which import and export from India.
 To know about the restriction goods.
 To know the various documents required for import and export
 To know about the different types of container, size of containers.
 To know about customs clearance, packing, storage, insurance.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THESTUDY

 To know about the Logistics field
 To know about the Import procedure
 To Know about the Export procedure
 To know about documentation process

1.4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A research cannot be conducted a abruptly. Research has to proceed
systematically in the already planned direction with the help of a number of
steps in sequence. To make the research systemized the researcher has to
adopt certain methods. The methods adopted by researcher for completing the
project are called RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 To identify the importance of freight forwarding in Indian shipping industry
 To study the functions and work activities of freight forwarders in India.
 To investigate the factors which hinder the success of the freight forwarding industry
in India
 To suggest possible solutions to the challenges being faced by the freight forwarders
in India.
1.6 RESEARCH DESIGN
Research can be conducted in two ways one is primary data and the other is secondary

16
data3
DATA SOURCE PRIMARY DATA: Primary data is the data collected for first time.
Primary data can be collected either through survey or through observation. But in the
case of a survey, data can be collected by any one or more by the following ways.
 By observation
 Through questionnaire

1.8 SECONDARY DATA: Secondary data are those data which someone has already
collected and which has already passed through the statistical process. Secondary data
is also used for their search study are obtained from internal and external sources to the
organisation and accessed through the company profile, product profile and externally
by internet, magazines and various journals. The researchers have collected secondary
data through websites, journals, books etc.

1.9 SCOPE OF THESTUDY

 To find out the role of freight forwarders
 To find out the various customs procedures
 To find out the clearing & forwarding procedure.
 To find out what are the certificates and documents involved in Imports & Exports.

1.10 LIMITATION OF THESTUDY

 The research has done the study only on freight on freight forwarders.
 The research has not considered the financial aspects of freight forwarders.
 The research has done the research with regard to Coimbatore and other sectors.
 As the organisation is on the introduction phase so strategies are lacking.
 The concentration was lessoning the clients for follow up of the payment.
 The vendors some time create the situation that troubles the company.

1.11 CHAPTERSCHEME
Chapter I: Introduction
Deals with an introduction, need, objectives of the study, research
methodology, scope, limitation of the study and Chapter arrangement.

17
Chapter II: Review of literature
Relates to the summary of the earlier works or literatures in the area of
study, clearance of export and import cargo.
Chapter III: conceptual framework
This chapter deals with overview of clearance in export and import and
company profile
Chapter IV: Exports and Import Procedure
This chapter presents export and import procedures, role of logistics in
import and export, export and import documents and SWOT analysis.
Chapter V: Findings, suggestions, and conclusion.
Summarizes the findings of the research, suggestions and conclusion.

18
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 REVIEWS

19
 CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Review of literature shows the previous studies carried out by the
researcher in this field in order to gain insight into extent of research. The research
problem can be more understood and made specific referring to theories, reports,
records and other information made in similar studies. This will provide the researcher
with the knowledge on what lines the study should proceed and serves tomorrow the
problem.
2.1 REVIEWS
“Logistics” was originally use as an military term which defined as “a branch of
military science having to do with producing, maintaining and transporting material,
personnel and facilities.” in Oxford English Dictionary. However, with the times goes
by, in the modern days, it is used in a business term. Department of Trade Industry
(DTI) and The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT) mentioned that
the objective task of logistics is to distribute right products with exact quantity and
quality and moving it at the proper time to the right place with the right balance cost
(DTI 1993, CITL 2010).
The US-based Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals gives the
definition of logistics management “Logistics management is part of supply chain
management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective, forward and
reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point
of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements.”
Magan also stated ‘8Rs’ of logistics in his book, namely, the right way, the right
product, the right quantity, the right quality, the right place, the right time, the right
customer and the right cost (Magan 2008:9). According to above, it is obviously to
understand that the procedure of logistic management is to make distribution more
effectiveness, costs down the expenses in distribution and stock volumes and decrease
damage and waste of goods. Furthermore, with the perfect application on logistics
management, it will be much easier to manage the quality of products, provide better
service to customers and also more flexible to deal with a contingency or emergency.
As we can learn from above, logistics function includes materials planning,
purchasing goods or supplying raw materials, internal transportation, warehouse

20
(storage) and physical distribution. Materials requirement planning is also known as
MRP, it is viewed as a micro level of managing of inventory (Weele, 2002). It starts with
schedule a sales plan in the sales department and the plan is an estimation of the
quantities that will or can be sold in the forthcoming periods. MRP in logistics
management may help organizations to possess inventory volume and also can assist the
manufacturing planning, purchasing and delivering in the following steps. Purchasing
in today is taken a broader view by many researchers as “managing the supply” of
materials, services, and information (Gundlach et al., 2006). In other words, purchasing
is no longer just blindly purchase but need to manage and consider about the supply.
Babbar & Prasad’s (1998) work, they also mentioned that the production
environment, costs and international business environment are related to purchasing
issue. In transportation part, transport is a main activities in logistics which concern in
time and place utility.
In logistics, warehouse operation is also one of an important section which
provides a place for storage products such as raw materials, components, processing
goods and finished goods between origin and consumption points (Lambert et al, 1998
cited in Stefansson, 2005). In other words, warehousing includes receive, store, ship,
and pick up the goods. In addition, Stefansson’s mentioned that DC (operation of
distribution centers) is another term which usually used in association with
warehousing. The difference between warehousing and operation of DC is that DC
focuses on receiving and shipping as an essential activities. Lambert et al. (1998, cited in
Stefansson, 2005) indicated DCs only carry smaller quantity and fast moving products;
however, warehouses hold large ones.
THE GLOBAL LOGISTICS:
In modern days, every works go globally, logistics management also takes
advantage of a tend into global (international) logistics. However, according to Zinn and
Grosse research (cited by Cooper, 1993), US managers held the different opinion on
global logistics, which means that US managers did not expected much about global
logistics channels but manufacturing facilities were became more centralized.
Even the result did not prove that global logistics is going to be a trend, Capcino
and Britt (1991) held a different view in their work, they mentioned that global logistics
management will have a gradually increase in 1990s. Cooper (1993) also held the same
view as Capcino and Britt, he stated that the evolution of business globalization
impacted the logistics went globally. But what is global logistics? And what are the

21
impacts it brings? Houlihan (1987, cited in Babbar & Prasad, 1998) addressed that
international logistics is the concept of the extension of international supply chain
management including purchasing, products distribution and sales.
Also Wood et al. (1995 cited in Brewer et al, 2005:61) “international logistics is not the
same as domestic logistics with perhaps the addition of one or more international
border crossings.” In this situation, global logistics have to manage as efficiently as
possible while produce and trade goods globally. Furthermore,
Brewer et al. (2005:76) mentioned “there is a growing tendency in international
logistics towards supply chain management and time-based competition” and plenty of
different parties may involve in international logistics

22
 CHAPTER III
LOGISTICS INDUSTRY –AN
OVERVIEW

3.1. AN OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS

INDUSTRY
3.2 COMPANY PROFILE
3.4 OCEANLINE PARTNERS:
3.5 HISTORY OF FREIGHT FORWARD.
3.6 DOCUMENT TRANSFER
FEE/HANDOVER FEE;

23
 CHAPTER-III
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK – AN OVERVIEW
3.1. AN OVERVIEW OF LOGISTICS INDUSTRY
Logistics is regarded as the backbone of the economy, providing efficient and cost
effective flow of goods on which other commercial sectors depend. The logistics
industry in India is evolving rapidly, it is the interplay of infrastructure, technology and
new types of service providers, which defines whether the logistic industry is able to
help its customers reduce their costs in logistics sector and provide effective
servicesDespite weak economic sentiments, the logistics industry continues to witness
growth due to the growth in retail, ecommerce and manufacturing sectors. The Global
Logistics sector was expected to grow 10-15% in the period 2013-14. Logistics industry
is expected to reach over $2 Bn by 2019. Rise of ecommerce logistics and increased
domestic consumption will lead the way for the industry in the coming years. With a
promise of growth and improvements, the service oriented logistics industry is ready to
expand beyond the horizons in the latter half of this decade.
Recent scenario: The recent Indian logistics sector comprises of inbound and outbound
segments of the manufacturing and service supply chains. Of late, the logistics
infrastructure has gained a lot of attention both from business industry as well as policy
makers. The role of managing this infrastructure, to effectively compete has been
slightly under-emphasized.
Inadequate logistics infrastructure has an effect of creating bottlenecks in the growth of
an economy. The logistics management regimen has the capability of overcoming the
disadvantages of the infrastructure in the short run while providing cutting edge
competitiveness in the long term. There exist several challenges and opportunities for
logistic sector in the Indian economy.
Challenges Faced By The Recent Logistic Industry In India: An essential challenge
faced by the industry today is the insufficient integration of transport networks,
information technology, and warehousing & distribution facilities. Regulations exist at a
number of different tiers, is imposed by national, regional and local authorities.
However, the regulations differ from city to city, hindering the creation of national
networks. Trained manpower is essential both for the third party logistics sector as well
as the manufacturing and retailing sectors, which is very weak at a practical level, i.e.,
IT, driving and warehouse as well as at a higher strategic level.

24
The disorganized nature of the logistics sector in India, its perception as a manpower-
heavy industry and lack of adequate training institutions has led to a shortfall in skilled
management and client service personnel. There is a lack of IT standard, equipment
and poor systems integration.
Poor facilities and management are the reason for high levels of loss, damage and
deterioration of stock, mainly in the perishables sector. Part of the problem is
insufficient specialist equipment, i.e. proper refrigerated storage and containers, but it
is also partly down to lack of training. The practitioners and the academicians are now
aware of the importance of logistics and supply chain; however the field is still under-
penetrated as far as research is concerned. It is essential to priorities research and
development so that the weaknesses in the industry can be taken care of and improved.
Solutions To Some Of The Challenges: Infrastructure is the backbone of every
country’s growth and prosperity and for the logistics industry to flourish special
emphasis has to be on building world-class road networks, integrated rail corridors,
modern cargo facilities at airports and creation of logistics parks which need to be given
a status equivalent to Special Economic Zones. It is necessary to realize that the benefits
which can best be practiced in logistics industry can be brought about by the companies
by establishing training intuitions so that there is improvement in the overall service
quality of the sector. Good storage and Warehousing facilities are important for the
growth of the logistics industry. With the increase in the transportation of perishable
products, the logistics agencies need to give a lot of importance to enhancing the
Warehousing facilities.
Warehousing is required to go to the next level taking into account the changing
dynamics of JIT manufacturing, global procurement and new models of sales and
distribution. Emphasis on research and development is potent mainly because it
encourages the use of indigenous technology which can make the industry cost
competitive and can also bring about improvement in services thereby using better,
effective and efficient services. Particular focus has to be on research in process
excellence which can help to eliminate inefficiencies and bring Indian logistics on par
with Global practices.
Future Prospects: The logistics firms are moving from a traditional setup to the
integration of IT and technology to their operations to reduce the costs incurred as well
as to meet the service demands. The growth of the Indian logistics sector depends upon

25
its soft infrastructure like education, training and policy framework as much as the
hard infrastructure. To support India’s fast-paced economy growth of logistics industry
is very essential. It is estimated that the Indian logistics industry will continue to show
robust growth of 10-15% annually, leading the pace of growth of the economy at large.
The global economic outlook, indeed that of India is expected to significantly improve as
India Inc begins to tackle the economic downturn. With a new government many
policies are expected to be implemented which will give a fresh impetus to India’s
growth engine particularly in the corporate and SME sector which in turn will expand
demand for the logistics sector.
With the implementation of GST, logistics companies, which are currently forced to set
up many small warehouses across multiple cities can set up just a few, big warehouses
region wise and can follow the hub-and-spoke model for freight movement from the
warehouses to the different manufacturing plants, wholesale outlets, retail outlets and
the various POS.
This growth is backed by the boom in the e-commerce sector and expansionary policies
of the FMCG firms. This has increased the service geography of the logistics firms but
they also have to meet the demands of quick delivery and tight service level agreements.
The industry has moved from being just a service provider to the position which
provides end to end supply chain solutions to their customers.
Thus, all this has paved the way for further growth of Logistics and Warehousing
industry in the coming years.

26
3.2 COMPANY PROFILE

Image: 3.1
Company Logo

NAME : GREENWICH MERIDIAN LOGISTICS (India) Pvt.Ltd

ADDRESS : No 20/21, Krishna Chambers, Ground Floor, Konena Agrahara,
Old Airport Road, Bangalore - 560 017, India,
HAL Old Airport Rd, Konena Agrahara,
Murgesh Pallya, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560075
Head Office : Mumbai 504, Shrishti Plaza, Behind Amar Tara Plastics,
Saki – Vihar Road, Powai,Andheri ( East ),
Mumbai 400 072, India.
Phone : +91 22 6148 9999
Fax No : +91 22 6148 9910
Email : info@gmlindia.
GML Simply Connect: Greenwich Meridian Logistics (India) Pvt.Ltd founded in 2002, is a
global logistics service provider that combines, experienced, dedicated, customized solutions.

27
Greenwich Meridian Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd was incorporated on 15th May 2002 with the
Indian Registrar of Companies. A young, dynamic team of qualified and experienced
professionals led by Directors with experience of over a decade in the shipping industry.
This is a fitting summary of the company’s philosophy: On the basis of more than decade-
long experience team of specialists set up integrated solutions.
Today the owner-managed medium-sized company is a team of 300+ members in 14 offices,
are there for its customers worldwide. Our own network is further strengthened by our global
offices in key locations & selected agents all over the world. We are where the industry and
the trade need us.
From the Mumbai headquarters our interdependent team spread the company’s values: a
sustainable orientation towards the needs of the customers, an international presence, a strong
quality awareness, and high demands on the own work and on the work of the carefully
selected service providers.
In our comprehensive logistics solutions from one source this is demonstrated, among other
things, by the high process transparency, made possible by uniform IT frameworks.
GML is active in sea- and air freight, as well as project logistics. With our worldwide
logistics solutions we are a reliable partner of leading companies in the machinery and plant
engineering industry, automotive industry, chemical industry and associated sectors,
consumer goods, and pharmaceuticals.
GML Vision: As an independent and innovative company we are recognized as a global
provider of customized logistic solutions.
GML Mission: We are there for our customers, worldwide and at any time. We are
committed to meeting the requirements of our customers. With our economic, ecological, and
socially sustainable as well as reliable, and high-quality solutions we fulfil this obligation.
Personal trust in our team members and a respectful treatment of one another in a motivating
work atmosphere are the basic requirements for our economic and sustainable progress –
worldwide.

3.3 SERVICES GIVEN BY THE COMPANY

Services: Services We offer total Logistics Solutions for Cargo right from picking up the
Shipments from Warehouse bringing the same in the Port , arranging for Customs Clearance
and Shipping the same to the Destination, Custom Clearing the same in Destination and
delivering the same to the Consignees doors and Vice Versa. Sea Consolidations – Out
Bound / in Bound Inbound from all major ports world wide We specialize in sea

28
transportation, offering a regular weekly LCL / FCL Services by Sea. ex: MBPT, JNPT,
NSICT, Mound Cfs, CWC Dronagiri, GDL. We have our own designated reserved area in all
the above locations ensuring smooth carting space for any quantum of shipments.
Refrigerated CARGO: We specialize in handling of temperature controlled cargo
Value Added Services: We have experienced professionals placed on our value added service
desk specializing in DDU / DDP shipments, buyers consolidations, garments on hanger
consolidations. SEA – Air services for time sensitive cargo
LCL Consolidation (Less than container load): We have services to more than 800
destinations for LCL Shipments across the globe with premium service and quick transit
Hazardous CARGO: We have trained professionals teams for handling of hazardous
shipments
Warehousing: Bonded / General: We offer custom bonded & general warehousing for long
stay shipments in India & major destinations of world Full Container Load: We are having
excellent contract with all major carriers for all the destinations specialized Africa Continent,
Central South America and Europe-MED. Having dedicated professional teams to handle all
the FCL Business with main liners. Project, O.D.C. / RO RO, Break Bulk: We specialize to
handle Project / O.D.C. cargo all of the world. We have special team to handle Break Bulk /
Ro-Ro shipments.
Distributions: Currently we offer distribution services in countries like India – UAE –
Singapore – UK – Canada – Europe – USA – Austrialia – New Zealand on customized basis /
Expert Professionals are on the job at all the above locations , enabling smooth handling of
over dimensional cargo & project shipments
Inland Transportation
 Russia – via Kotka, – via St. Peter’s Burg
 Ukraine – via Odessa
 CIS Destinations, via BenderAbbes
 East Africa – via Dar-ES-Salaam, – via Mombasa
 South Africa – via Durban
 West Africa – via Team, – via Lone, – via Lagos, – via Abidjan
NETWORK: Greenwich meridian Logistics Cargo’s overland transportation services are
customized to deliver reliable and on-time solutions – every time. Our exhaustive fleet of
vehicles is available 24/7/365, and guarantees the quickest turnaround times to meet our
customer’s business requirements.

29
PARTNERS: Having the right partnerships is integral to the growth of any business. The
key to our success has been our ability to forge and foster key partnerships with all
major global airlines and shipping lines which has ensured our customers benefit from
exceptional service offerings using the most reliable carriers for their freight
movements.

3.4 OCEANLINE PARTNERS:

Image: 3.2
Oceanline Partners

Branches in India:
 Ludhiana  Tirupur
 Delhi  Cochin
 Moradabad  Tuticorin
 Kanpur
 Ahmadabad
 Mumbai
 Bangalore
 Pune
 Hyderabad
 Chennai
 Coimbatore

30
 Image: 3.3
Branches in India

Branches All Around World:.

 UAE
 India
 China
 Honking
 Kenya
 Tanzania
 Uganda
 Zambia
 Rwanda.
 Nigeria.
 DR Congo
 Rep. of Congo
Image: 3.4
Branches All Around World

19
3.5 HISTORY OF FREIGHT FORWARD.
One of the earliest freight forwarders was Thomas Meadows and Company Limited
of London, England, established in 1836. According to "Understanding the Freight
Business," written and published by the executive staff of Thomas Meadows and Company in
1972, the advent of reliable rail transport and steamships created demand for the fledgling
freight forwarding industry. Trade developed between Europe and North America, creating
additional demand. The first international freight forwarders were innkeepers in London who
held and re-forwarded the personal effects of their hotel guests.
The original function of the forwarder was to arrange for carriage by contracting with
various carriers. Forwarder responsibilities included advice on documentation and customs
requirements in the country of destination. His correspondent agent overseas looked after his
customers' goods and kept him informed about matters that would affect the movement of
goods.

20
 In modern times, the forwarder accepts the same responsibilities. It operates either as
a domestic carrier or otherwise with a corresponding agent overseas or with his own branch-
office. In a single transaction, the forwarder may be acting as a carrier (principal) or as an
agent for his customer or both.

3.6 DOCUMENT TRANSFER FEE/HANDOVER FEE;

International freight forwarders, NVOCCs, and customs brokers often charge
for transferring documents to another transportation company at the destination.
This fee is a part of the ocean freight charges, being paid by the importer at the port of
discharge in the International Commercial Term (incoterm) FOB (free on board), and
by the exporter at the origin in the incoterms CFR (cost and freight) and CIF (cost,
insurance and freight). This fee is separate from documentation fees charged by
carriers and NVOCCs as part of the freight charges on a bill of lading and is separate
from other fees for document preparation or for the release of cargo.
Logistics is generally the detailed organization and implementation of a complex
operation. In a general business sense, logistics is the management of the flow of things
between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet requirements of
customers or corporations. The resources managed in logistics may include tangible goods
such as materials, equipment, and supplies, as well as food and other consumable items. The
logistics of physical items usually involves the integration of information flow, materials
handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation, warehousing, and often security.
In military science, logistics is concerned with maintaining army supply lines while
disrupting those of the enemy, since an armed force without resources and transportation is
defenseless. Military logistics was already practiced in the ancient world and as modern
military have a significant need for logistics solutions, advanced implementations have been
developed. In military logistics, logistics officers manage how and when to move resources to
the places they are needed.
Logistics management is the part of supply chain management that plans, implements,
and controls the efficient, effective forward, and reverse flow and storage of goods, services,
and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to
meet customer's requirements. The complexity of logistics can be modeled, analyzed,
visualized, and optimized by dedicated simulation software. The minimization of the use of
resources is a common motivation in all logistics fields. A professional working in the field
of logistics management is called a logistician.
21
 Configuring and managing warehouses is a central concern for both business logistics
and military logistics.
Image: 3.5
Warehouses

Logistics Specialist inventories supplies in a storeroom aboard the aircraft carrier USS

George H.W. Bush, where inventorying means making a report on stock availability.
Every stock keeping unit has an individual code and a code corresponding to a specific
subclass from a given drawer.
Image: 3.6
Specific Subclass from a Given Drawer

22
Inbound logistics: One of the primary processes of logistics concentrating on purchasing and
arranging the inbound movement of materials, parts, or unfinished inventory from suppliers
to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.
Outbound logistics: The process related to the storage and movement of the final product
and the related information flows from the end of the production line to the end user.
Given the services performed by logisticians, the main fields of logistics can be broken down
as follows:
 Procurement logistics
 Distribution logistics
 After-sales logistics
 Disposal logistics
 Reverse logistics
 Green logistics
 Global logistics
 Domestics logistics
 Concierge Service
 RAM logistics
 Asset Control Logistics
 POS Material Logistics
 Emergency Logistics
 Production Logistics
 Construction Logistics
 Capital Project Logistics
 Digital Logistics
Procurement logistics: It consists of activities such as market research, requirements
planning, make-or-buy decisions, supplier management, ordering, and order controlling. The
targets in procurement logistics might be contradictory: maximizing efficiency by
concentrating on core competences, outsourcing while maintaining the autonomy
of the company, or minimizing procurement costs while maximizing security within the
supply process.
Advance Logistics: It consists of the activities required to set up or establish a plan for
logistics activities to occur.

23
Distribution logistics: The delivery of the finished products to the customer. It consists of
order processing, warehousing, and transportation. Distribution logistics is necessary because
the time, place, and quantity of production differs with the time, place, and quantity of
consumption.
Disposal logistics: Its main function to reduce logistics cost(s) and enhance service(s) related
to the disposal of waste produced during the operation of a business.
Reverse logistics: Denotes all those operations related to the reuse of products and
materials. The reverse logistics process includes the management and the sale of surpluses, as
well as products being returned to vendors from buyers. Reverse logistics stands for all
operations related to the reuse of products and materials. It is "the process of planning,
implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process
inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of consumption to the point
of origin for the purpose of recapturing value or proper disposal. More precisely, reverse
logistics is the process of moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of
capturing value, or proper disposal. The opposite of reverse logistics is forward logistics."
Green Logistics: Describes all attempts to measure and minimize the ecological impact of
logistics activities. This includes all activities of the forward and reverse flows. This can be
achieved through intermodal freight transport, path optimization, vehicle saturation and city
logistics.

Asset Control Logistics: Companies in the retail channels, both organized retailers and
suppliers, often deploy assets required for the display, preservation, promotion of their
products. Some examples are refrigerators, stands, display monitors, seasonal equipment,
poster stands & frames.
Emergency logistics (or Humanitarian Logistics): The term used by the logistics, supply
chain, and manufacturing industries to denote specific time-critical modes of transport used
to move goods or objects rapidly in the event of an emergency. The reason for enlisting
emergency logistics services could be a production delay or anticipated production delay, or
an urgent need for specialized equipment to prevent events such as aircraft being grounded
(also known as "aircraft on ground"—AOG), ships being delayed, or telecommunications
failure. Humanitarian logistics involves governments, the military, aid agencies, donors, non-
governmental organizations and emergency logistics services are typically sourced from a
specialist provider.

24
 The term production logistics describes logistic processes within a value adding
system (ex: factory or a mine). Production logistics aims to ensure that each machine and
workstation receives the right product in the right quantity and quality at the right time. The
concern is with production, testing, transportation, storage and supply. Production logistics
can operate in existing as well as new plants: since manufacturing in an existing plant is a
constantly changing process, machines are exchanged and new ones added, which gives the
opportunity to improve the production logistics system accordingly. Production logistics
provides the means to achieve customer response and capital efficiency. Production logistics
becomes more important with decreasing batch sizes. In many industries (e.g. mobile
phones), the short-term goal is a batch size of one, allowing even a single customer's demand
to be fulfilled efficiently. Track and tracing, which is an essential part of production logistics
due to product safety and reliability issues, is also gaining importance, especially in
the automotive and medical industries.
Construction Logistics: As the various human civilizations tried to build the best possible
works of construction for living and protection. Now the construction logistics emerged as
vital part of construction. In the past few years construction logistics has emerged as a
different field of knowledge and study within the subject of supply chain management and
logistics.

Business logistics
Image: 3.7

25
 A forklift stacking a logistics provider's warehouse of goods on pallets. One definition
of business logistics speaks of "having the right item in the right quantity at the right time at
the right place for the right price in the right condition to the right customer".Business
logistics incorporates all industry sectors and aims to manage the fruition of project life
cycles, supply chains, and resultant efficiencies.
The term "business logistics" has evolved since the 1960s due to the increasing
complexity of supplying businesses with materials and shipping out products in an
increasingly globalized supply chain, leading to a call for professionals called "supply chain
logisticians".
In business, logistics may have either an internal focus (inbound logistics) or an
external focus (outbound logistics), covering the flow and storage of materials
from point of origin to point of consumption (see supply-chain management). The main
functions of a qualified logistician include inventory management, purchasing, transportation,
warehousing, consultation, and the organizing and planning of these activities. Logisticians
combine a professional knowledge of each of these functions to coordinate resources in an
organization.
There are two fundamentally different forms of logistics: one optimizes a steady flow
of material through a network of transport links and storage nodes, while the other
coordinates a sequence of resources to carry out some project (e.g., restructuring a
warehouse).

The nodes of a distribution network include:

 Factories where products are manufactured or assembled

26
  A depot or deposit, a standard type of warehouse for storing merchandise (high
level of inventory)
 Distribution centers for order processing and order fulfillment (lower level of
inventory) and also for receiving returning items from clients
 Transit points for cross docking activities, which consist of reassembling cargo
units based on deliveries scheduled (only moving merchandise)
 Traditional retail stores of the Mom and Pop variety,
modern supermarkets, hypermarkets, discount stores or also voluntary
chains, consumers' co-operative, groups of consumer with collective buying
power. Note that subsidiaries will be mostly owned by another company
and franchisers, although using other company brands, actually own the point of
sale.
 There may be some intermediaries operating for representative matters between nodes
such as sales agents or brokers.
Logistic families and metrics: A logistic family is a set of products which
share a common characteristic: weight and volumetric characteristics,
physical storing needs (temperature, radiation,...), handling needs, order
frequency, package size, etc. The following metrics may be used by the
company to organize its products in different families:
 Physical metrics used to evaluate inventory systems include stocking capacity,
selectivity, superficial utilization, volumetric utilization, transport capacity, transport
capacity utilization.
 Monetary metrics used include space holding costs (building, shelving and services)
and handling costs (people, handling machinery, energy and maintenance).
 Other metrics may present themselves in both physical or monetary form, such as the
standard Inventory turnover.

Handling and order processing

Image: 3.8

27
 Unit loads for transportation

Unit loads for transportation of luggage at the airport. In this case the unit load has
protective Unit loads are combinations of individual items which are moved by handling
systems, usually employing a pallet of normed dimensions. Handling systems include: trans-
pallet handlers, counterweight handler, retractable mast handler, bilateral handlers, trilateral
handlers, AGV and handlers. Storage systems include: pile stocking, cell racks (either static
or movable), cantilever racks and gravity racks. Order processing is a sequential process
involving: processing withdrawal list, picking (selective removal of items from loading
units), sorting (assembling items based on destination), package formation (weighting,
labeling and packing), order consolidation (gathering packages into loading units for
transportation, control and bill of lading).
Picking can be both manual or automated. Manual picking can be both man to goods,
i.e. operator using a cart or conveyor belt, or goods to man, i.e. the operator benefiting from
the presence of a mini-load ASRS, vertical or horizontal carousel or from an Automatic
Vertical Storage System (AVSS). Automatic picking is done either with dispensers or
depalletizing robots. Sorting can be done manually through carts or conveyor belts, or
automatically through sorters.
Transportation: Cargo, i.e. merchandise being transported, can be moved through a variety
of transportation means and is organized in different shipment categories. Unit loads are
usually assembled into higher standardized units such as: ISO containers, swap bodies or
semi-trailers. Especially for very long distances, product transportation will likely benefit
from using different transportation means: multimodal transport, intermodal transport (no
handling) and combined transport (minimal road transport). When moving cargo, typical
constraints are maximum weight and volume. Operators involved in transportation include:
all train, road vehicles, boats, airplanes companies, couriers, freight forwarders and multi-

28
modal transport operators. Merchandise being transported internationally is usually subject to
the Incoterms standards issued by the International Chamber of Commerce.
Configuration and management:
Image: 3.9
Push-back rack for motorcycles

Similarly to production systems, logistic systems need to be properly configured and

managed. Actually a number of methodologies have been directly borrowed from operations
management such as using Economic Order Quantity models for managing inventory in the
nodes of the network. Distribution resource planning (DRP) is similar to MRP, except that it
doesn't concern activities inside the nodes of the network but planning distribution when
moving goods through the links of the network. Traditionally in logistics configuration may
be at the level of the warehouse (node) or at level of the distribution system (network).
Regarding a single warehouse, besides the issue of designing and building the
warehouse, configuration means solving a number of interrelated technical-economic
problems: dimensioning rack cells, choosing a palletizing method (manual or through robots),
rack dimensioning and design, number of racks, number and typology of retrieval systems
(e.g. stacker cranes). Some important constraints have to be satisfied: fork and load beams
resistance to bending and proper placement of sprinklers. Although picking is more of a
tactical planning decision than a configuration problem, it is important to take it into account
when deciding the racks layout inside the warehouse and buying tools such as handlers and
motorized carts since once those decisions are taken they will work as constraints when
managing the warehouse, same reasoning for sorting when designing the conveyor system or
installing automatic dispensers.
Configuration at the level of the distribution system concerns primarily the problem of
location of the nodes in a geographic space and distribution of capacity among the nodes. The
first may be referred to as facility location (with the special case of site selection) while the
latter to as capacity allocation. The problem of outsourcing typically arises at this level: the

29
nodes of a supply chain are very rarely owned by a single enterprise. Distribution networks
can be characterized by numbers of levels, namely the number of intermediary nodes between
supplier and consumer:
Direct store delivery, i.e. zero levels
One level network: central warehouse
Two level network: central and peripheral warehousesThis distinction is more useful for
modeling purposes, but it relates also to a tactical decision regarding safety stocks:
considering a two level network, if safety inventory is kept only in peripheral warehouses
then it is called a dependent system (from suppliers), if safety inventory is distributed among
central and peripheral warehouses it is called an independent system (from
suppliers).] Transportation from producer to the second level is called primary transportation,
from the second level to consumer is called secondary transportation.
Although configuring a distribution network from zero is possible, logisticians usually
have to deal with restructuring existing networks due to presence of an array of factors:
changing demand, product or process innovation, opportunities for outsourcing, change of
government policy toward trade barriers, innovation in transportation means
(both vehicles or thoroughfares), introduction of regulations (notably those
regarding pollution) and availability of ICT supporting systems (e.g. ERP or e-commerce).
Once a logistic system is configured, management, meaning tactical decisions, takes
place, once again, at the level of the warehouse and of the distribution network. Decisions
have to be made under a set of constraints: internal, such as using the available infrastructure,
or external, such as complying with given product shelf lifes and expiration dates. At the
warehouse level, the logistician must decide how to distribute merchandise over the racks.
Three basic situations are traditionally considered: shared storage, dedicated storage (rack
space reserved for specific merchandise) and class based storage (class meaning merchandise
organized in different areas according to their access index).
Image: 3.10
Airline logistic network

30
 Picking efficiency varies greatly depending on the situation. For man to goods
situation, a distinction is carried out between high level picking (vertical component
significant) and low level picking (vertical component insignificant). A number of tactical
decisions regarding picking must be made:
 Routing path: standard alternatives include transversal routing, return routing,
midpoint routing and largest gap return routing
 Replenishment method: standard alternatives include equal space supply for each
product class and equal time supply for each product class.
 Picking logic: order picking vs batch picking
At the level of the distribution network, tactical decisions involve mainly inventory control
and delivery path optimization. Note that the logistician may be required to manage the
reverse flow along with the forward flow.

31
Warehouse management and control: Although there is some overlap in
functionality, warehouse management systems (WMS) can differ significantly
from warehouse control systems (WCS). Simply put, a WMS plans a weekly
activity forecast based on such factors as statistics and trends, whereas a
WCS acts like a floor supervisor, working in real time to get the job done by
the most effective means. For instance, a WMS can tell the system that it is
going to need five of stock-keeping unit (SKU) A and five of SKU B hours in
advance, but by the time it acts, other considerations may have come into
play or there could be a logjam on a conveyor. A WCS can prevent that
problem by working in real time and adapting to the situation by making a
last-minute decision based on current activity and operational status.
Working synergistically, WMS and WCS can resolve these issues and
maximize efficiency for companies that rely on the effective operation of
their warehouse or distribution center.
Logistics outsourcing: Logistics outsourcing involves a relationship between
a company and an LSP (logistic service provider), which, compared with
basic logistics services, has more customized offerings, encompasses a
broad number of service activities, is characterized by a long-term
orientation, and thus has a strategic nature.
Outsourcing does not have to be complete externalization to an LSP, but can also be partial:
 A single contract for supplying a specific service on occasion
 Creation of a spin-off
 Creation of a joint venture
Third-party logistics (3PL): It involves using external organizations to execute logistics
activities that have traditionally been performed within an organization itself. According to
this definition, third-party logistics includes any form of outsourcing of logistics activities
previously performed in house. For example, if a company with its own warehousing
facilities decides to employ external transportation, this would be an example of third-party
logistics. Logistics is an emerging business area in many countries.

32
 The concept of a fourth-party logistics (4PL) provider was first defined by Andersen
Consulting (now Accenture) as an integrator that assembles the resources, planning
capabilities, and technology of its own organization and other organizations to design, build,
and run comprehensive supply chain solutions. Whereas a third-party logistics (3PL) service
provider targets a single function, a 4PL targets management of the entire process. Some have
described a 4PL as a general contractor that manages other 3PLs, truckers, forwarders,
custom house agents, and others, essentially taking responsibility of a complete process for
the customer.

33
 CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

4.1. EXPORT PROCEDURE

4.2 IMPORT PROCEDURES

4.3 ROLE OF LOGISTICS IN EXPORT

AND

IMPORT:

4.4 EXPORT AND IMPORT, SHIPPING

DOCUMENTS:

4.5 TYPES OF CONTAINERS USED IN

SHIPPING
34
COMMODITIES
 CHAPTER-IV
EXPORTS AND IMPORT PROCEDURE

4.1. EXPORT PROCEDURE

 Transporting a cargo from one country to Another country is called export
 The 90% of the export is done through the sea
 The exporting is the one of the major revenue to the country
 The exporting through the sea is known as sea export
 For an export, it is not possible by a single person to carry down all the process. here
freight forwarder's appear
 Freight forwarders are the middle man agent for the cargo shipment.
“Let’s see how freight forwarder helps in the process of sea export”.
An export in international trade is a good or service produced in one country
that is bought by someone in another country .The seller of such goods are services in
an exporter; the foreign buyer is an importer. Exporter of goods often requires
involvement of customs authorities. Exporter gets a request from the potential buyer
asking for data with respect to cost, standard and different terms & conditions for
transportation of merchandise. The exporter answers with a citation known as a pro
forma invoice.
In the event that the purchaser approves of the parts of terms and conditions, he
puts in the request or ‘indent’ for the merchandise.
In the wake of getting the request or indent, the exporter attempts an inquiry with
respect to the financial soundness of the importer to evaluate the danger of non-
payment by the importer. As indicated by customs laws, the exporter or the export firm
should have a fare permit before continuing with export after getting the export license
the exporter meets with his banker to get pre-dispatch finance for carrying out
production. Exporter, after getting the pre-shipment fund from the bank, looks at to
prepare the merchandise according to the importer.
Receipt of enquiry sending quotation: The importer of goods first sends an enquiry to
different exporters requesting them to send information about price ,quality, terms
etc.in replay to the enquiry the exporters then send the quotation mentioning details
about the product , price, quality and mode of delivery terms and conditions if any.
Receipt of an indent: If the prospective importer finds the term and conditions

35
acceptable, then the place an order of goods which is known as indent. An indent a
description of the goods ordered, price to be paid, terms and conditions of delivery,
packing of goods and other detail. On receipt of indent if the exporter finds it
satisfactory, then he forward his acceptance to export goods.
Credit enquiry: The exporter must ensure that there is no risk of default i payment. He
should verify the credit worthiness of the importer. For this purpose he may ask the
importer to send a letter of credit.
Obtaining export license: Each and every country has its own export and import policy
for free goods and restricted goods. An exporter in India has to complete various
formalities ad applies for export license to the appropriate authority is satisfied it will
issue the export license.
Production of goods: The exporter has to produce the goods or buy them from the
market. The goods must be in accordance with the instruction give in the indent
regarding the quality, quantity, and price.
Pre-shipment inspection: To ensure that only goods quality product is exported from
our country, the government of India has made compulsory pre-shipment inspection of
goods by certain authorized agencies.
Goods and Service Tax: Goods and Services Tax, India is a uniform tax levied on goods
and services, treating whole of India as one market. The tax came into effect from 1 st
July 2017 and replaced the existing multi-level central and state taxes. GST divides
goods and services into five tax slabs – 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%. Though, products
like petroleum products, alcohol and electricity, still follow the old tax regime.
Packing and marketing of the goods: Packing should be done strictly according to the
instruction given in the indent .If loss arise due to defective packing. The package
should be properly marked according to instruction.
Appointment of forwarding agent: Packed goods may be dispatched to the port directly
by the exporter or through a forwarding agent. If the good are stored in any location,
the exporter may appoint forwarding agent who will perfume all the formalities on
behalf of the exporter before shipping the goods. The forwarding agent will charge
commission for this work.
Dispatch of goods by rail/road: The exporter has to dispatch the goods by rail/road to
the port town. He will send the railway receipt to the forwarding agent along with other
instruction. The agent will take delivery of the goods and complete other formalities
before shipping them to the importer.
36
 Chart: 4.1
Documents Need for Sea Export

Chart: 4.2
Flow Chart of Export Procedures

37
4.2 IMPORT PROCEDURES
1] PROCESS OF IMPORTING GOODS:
Buying or transporting a cargo from another country to our country is said to be
as import. 90% of world’s import is done through sea only. Import will be always a
expenditure to the country therefore none of the country will encourage for import.
Import is only possible with a great teamwork of different departments such as customs,
freight forwarders, customs house agent, shipping line etc.
The import comes to its complete meaning when the all above mentioned
departments works correctly in their workplace. Now let us see how the sea import
procedures are takes place from starting to end. Firstly the freight forwarders get the
enquiry from the client. After this enquiry the freight forwarders will find an agent in
the origin and give the necessary details to them such as type of container, commodity,
weight, if Ex-work pick address etc. that had been already collected from the client.
Origin agent will find the availability of vessel and give all details to the
destination agent (freight forwarder) along with the rates. Freight forwarders will
forward the same details to the client by adding their margin in the rates.

38
 Once the quotation has been agreed by the client freight forwards will give the
shipper details to the origin agent. Origin agent will contact to shipper, shipper inform
the agent about the cargo readiness and give the shipping order to the agent. With that
shipping order only agent can book for the container with shipping line.
After that origin agent will send the master bill of lading draft and house bill of
lading draft to the destination freight forwarders. And the HBL draft must be verified
and approved by the consignee and the MBL must be verified and approved by the
destination agent(freight forwarder), after the approval it must be return back to the
origin agent. All other export procedure will take place over there in origin.
After the cargo has been shipped on board, shipping line will issue MBL to
origin agent and origin agent will issue HBL to the shipper. The origin agent will send
this MBL to destination agent after collecting their bill from them, as like that the
shipper also send the HBL to the consignee after the settlement of their bills.
After the departure of the cargo from the origin the freight forwarders in the
destination want to add the documents (HBL, MBL, Shipping Bill, Consignee Bond
Letter etc) in the shipping line website to create IGM number. Shipping line will give
the IGM number and Line number in ICEGATE software within 24hours or before the
arrival of the vessel to the destination port.
Consignee can decide the CHA (Customs House Agent) before the arrival of
cargo in destination it can be consignee’s nominated Customs House Agent or freight
forwarders Customs House Agent. If we need to move our cargo to our nominated
Container Freight Station we need to submit the consignee bond letter directly to the
shipping line. Before taking the cargo to the Container Freight Station, Customs House
Agent want to prepare checklist with help of invoice and packing list and also it must be
given to the freight forwarders to verification and give to customs, they will issue a bill
of entry number along with the check list. If the checklist is ready then only we can take
the cargo inside the Container Freight Station.
For the issuance of the delivery order to the Customs House Agent, freight
forwarders will issue the HBL and MBL with dual endorsement of freight forwarders
and the consignee, along with the invoice, packing list, issuance of delivery order (NOC)
to the Customs House Agent. One of the Customs House Agent people comes directly to
the freight forwarders and collects the necessary documents. Once the check list is
prepared we need to pay the duties to the government for the import, after that only we
will receive the bill of entry. Customs will verify the documents (House Bill of Lading,
39
Master Bill of Lading, checklist, packing list, invoice etc) with the help of Import
General Manifest number.
After the clearance Customs House Agent will approach the shipping line along
with Master Bill of Lading, House Bill of Lading and Issuance of delivery order (NOC)
to issue the delivery order from the shipping line. The delivery order will be normally
valid for only 3 days and the transportation must be arranged according to the validity
of delivery order. When we submit the delivery order to the Container Freight Station,
the Container Freight Station will issue the gate pass.
With that gate pass only we can take our cargo out from the Container Freight
Station and from there it can be takes to consignee’s warehouse or fixed place of
discharge.

CHAIN GRAPH OF OCEAN IMPORTS

Chart: 4.3
Chain Graph of Ocean Imports

CUSTOMER SERVICE METHOD IN IMPORTS:

 After Getting Consignment From The Marketing Persons The Role

40
 Of Customer Services Starts…
 The Basic thing of the customer services is to getting a related information and
sharing the needs
 They are the persons who communicate and collect information regarding
shipping details.
 If it’s LCL shipment the customer service will contact with co-loaders, for
making a good services to the customer.
 Co-loaders are the person who deals only the (LCL) shipment.
 The FCL shipment ,go through the terms of (INCOTERMS).
 The main benefit of incoterms is to reduce risk.
 In import, the main shipping terms are ‘ex-work, free on board. According to the
terms ‘the quotation will be prepare’
 For ex-work, contact with an agent with the help of (WCA) for exporting the
cargo from origin.
 Certain information send to agent for confirmation of rates etc....
 Type of container
 Weight
 Dimension
 Port of loading
 Port of delivery
 Commodity
 After confirmation, the process take place.
 Collecting every step of information and updating to concern departments
regarding shipment.
 Getting pre alert form agent
 Collecting necessary document from origin agent for importing the respective
shipment.
 House bill of lading
 Master bill of lading
 Vessel details

41
FLOW CHART OF DOCUMENTATION
Chart: 4.4
Flow Chart of Documentation

RECEIVING
B/L COPY

IMPORT
GENERAL SYSTEM
MANIFEST UPDATE

DELIVERY
CAN COPY PAYMENTS
ORDER

DYNAMIC PROCESS OF UPCOMING IMPORT GOODS:

 Receiving documents of MB/L and HB/L from customer service of respective
organization.
 Filing the import general manifest, it also known as [IGM].
 Checking vessel details on shipping line website or by using EXIM magazine.
 Confirmation of arrival of vessel[ETA].
 File the documents as hard copy for further references.
 Enter the respective data in the Jupiter system with help of HB/L AND MB/L.
 Prepare the cargo arrival notice once the vessel arrives the destination.
 Sending the ‘CAN’ copy to the consignee.
 Verifying the confirmation of the payment by the consignee or the agent.
 Issue the delivery order.

42
  Once all the documents and the payment is done; the file is mentioned to be
closed.
 At the end accounts people verify the payments for clarification and change the
status to ‘CLOSE’.
IMPORT GENERAL MANIFEST[IGM]:
 Once the documentation departments receive the HB/L and the MB/L from the
respective department they proceed to file manifest for IGM.
 Before filing the IGM its highly mandatory to see whether the movement is for
the ICD MOVEMENT or to shipping line CFS.
 Here, in filing the IGM iseach shipping line have their own format of filing.
 Respective documents are,
 covering letter [ in PDF and WORD]
 House B/L [ in PDF and WORD]
 Master B/L
 The above mentioned are the common documents for filing the IGM.

DIRECT PORT DELIVERY

Chart: 4.5
Direct Port Delivery

43
 HOUSE B/L

MASTER B/L

COVERING LETTER

BOND LETTER

MOVEMENT LETTER

REQUESTING LETTER

 THE ABOVE MENTIONED DOCUMENTS ARE NECESSARY FOR FILING DPD

IGM…
 Then send the documents to the shipping line through mail attaching the respective
documents needed.
 If there is a dock Destuffing or factory Destuffing it has to be mentioned in mail while
attaching the documents.
 If the container has to move towards ICD the mail has to be tagged to the respective
ICD too, So that they could do the needful things for smooth shipment.
ICEGATE:
 Where the igm n.o and line n.o is searched, it’s a personal identification for cross
checking whether the line have submitted the documents in the ice gate.
 This website is under customs department, and the igm and line numbers are
displayed in website a day before the vessel arrival.

ISSUANCE OF DELIVERY ORDER BY FREIGHT FORWARD:

On behalf of consignee, freight forwarders provide the delivery order copy to
respective CHA

44
It’s also called as ‘issuance of delivery order’
Chart: 4.6
Issuance of Delivery Order

DELIVERY ORDER
MB/L
HB/L

ONE ONE MASTER DELIVERY

HOUSE BILL OF ORDER
BILL OF LADING COPY FORMAT ON
LADING WITH BEHALF OF
COPY WITH ENDOSEMENT FREIGHT
ENDOSEM OF FREIGHT FORWARD
ENT OF FORWARD FOR SHIPPING
CONSIGNE WITH AND LINE.
E AND MANDATORY
CUSTOMS CONSIGNEES
HOUSE TOO
AGENT

4.3 ROLE OF LOGISTICS IN EXPORT AND IMPORT:

If you are a global supplier of products then you must know the importance of
logistic services. Logistic service providers or freight forwarders offer variety of
transportation services to their clients. They help to move the products and accessories
including food, apparel, engineering equipment, and many other products.
They offer an opportunity for the manufacturers to expand their business far
across the nations. They can easily fulfill the intricate distribution needs
of the manufacturers. These logistic service providers work in a determined manner
and use highly standard processes to ensure your business goals are met on time.
Logistic service providers work seamlessly with transportation service providers, supply
chain & logistics professionals, customizing the solution to the needs of their worldwide
clients. They work in association with their air, ocean, brokerage, warehousing as well

45
as consolidation services.
Their wide ranging consolidation and distribution services offer global logistics
providers and manufacturers a complete control on their supply chain management.
They provide logistics and distribution services to the customers at the global location
where business needs of the customers are best met, on time and within their budgetary
constraints.
Logistic service providers can handle and manage all factors of sea freight, air freight,
land transport and shipments with flawless integration of inbound receipts,
warehousing, distribution, storage of cargo & end-to-end as well as port to port service
with excellent transit times.
They provide port-to-port and door to door freight services transit times
consistent throughout the year and to any location of the manufacturer's choice. Their
local experts work with the manufacturers to book capacity and track their shipment
anywhere anytime to ensure goods arrive when needed.
The flexible services and their international network locations render an
inspiring opportunity for the manufacturers, suppliers, transportation agencies, and
warehousing companies to minimize cost of operation and distribution. Their efficient
door to door transport services refers to the quick movement of goods from the door of
the seller / shipper to the door of the buyer.
This type of transportation service may include various modes of transportation
including air, sea or road. Each mode of transport is specialized and needs a
professional excellence and thorough understating of the warehousing and distribution
services.
The logistic service providers offer absolute professionalism, loyalty, and consistency
with the essential services like:
1. Air Express Service, high priority (24 hours)
2. Value added service to any destination
3. Economical & timely distribution
4. Door to Door & Airport to Airport service with excellent transit times
5. Full Container Load (FCL) & Partial Container Load (LCL) cargo service
6. Worldwide deliveryLogistics and freight forwarder companies provide the ideal
balance of time, space, frequency and cost. They offer the most efficient and cost
effective solutions for the worldwide customer's freight needs while meeting time
critical schedules to meet their requirements.
46
 The author is associated with RAK Logistics. RAK Logistics is recognized as one
of the leading freight companies in the UAE providing reliable sea freight services port-
to-port and door to door freight services consistently; the company has prided itself on
superior price offering, transit times, services, and reliability.

4.4 EXPORT AND IMPORT, SHIPPING DOCUMENTS:

The main shipping documents that are used in import export procedures are mentioned
below:
 Proforma Invoice
 Packing List
 Commercial Invoice
 Certificate of Origin
 Shipping Bill/Bill of Entry
 ARE-1 Form
 Exchange Declaration Form
 Bill of Exchange
 Inspection Certificate
 Bill of Lading
 Airway Bill
 Insurance Certificate
 Consular Invoice
Preformed invoice:
As the name suggests, it is a preformed on the invoice. It is prepared by an exporter
and sends to the importer for necessary acceptance. It suggests to a buyer what the actual
invoice would look like and it send to him when he is ready to purchase the goods.
Packing list:
This statement gives the packing details of goods in a prescribed format. It is very
useful document for customs at the time of examination and for warehouse keeper of the
buyer to maintain a record of inventory and to effect delivery.

Commercial invoice:
An invoice is important as it contains the names of the exporter, importer and the

47
consignee, and the description of goods. It has to be signed by the exporter. Other documents
are prepared by deriving information from the invoice. It is required to be presented before
different authorities for different purposes.
Certificate of origin:
This certificate issued by the local chamber of commerce indicating that the goods,
which are being exported, are actually manufactured in a specific country mentioned there in.
it is send by the exporter to the importer and is useful for the clearance of the goods from the
customs authority of the importing country.
Shipping Bill/Bill of Entry:
It is a requisite for seeking the permission of customs to export goods. It contains a
description of export goods by sea/air. It contains a description of export goods, number and
kind of packages, shipping marks, value of goods, the name of vessels, the country of
destination etc. on the other hand, importers have
to submit copies of documents called Bill of Entry for customs clearance. Later, a copy has to
be given to the bank for verification.
ARE-1 Form:
This form is a application for removal excisable goods from the factory preises for the
export purposes. It has multiple copies which are distributed to different authorities, including
customs, Range office in Excise, Refund office of Excise.
Exchange Declaration Form (GR/SDF Form):
The RBI has prescribed a GR from (SDF), a PP form, and SOFTEX forms to declare
the export transactions.
The GR Form contains:
1. Name and address of the exporter and description of goods.
2. Name and address of the authorized dealer through whom proceeds of the exports have
been or will be realized.
3. Details of commission and discount due to foreign agent or buyer.
4. The full export value, giving break up of FOB, Freight, Insurance, Discount and
Commission etc.

Bill of exchange:
It is an instrument in writing containing an order signed by the maker directing a
48
certain person to pay a certain sum of money to the order of a person to the bearer of the
instrument. It is commonly known as draft.
Inspection Certificate:
It is required by some importers and countries in order to get the specifications of the
goods shipped attested. The attestation is usually performed by a government agency or by
independent testing organizations.
Bill of Lading:
This document is issued by the shipping company acknowledging the receipt of the
good mentioned in the bill, for shipment on board of the vessel. The Bill of Lading is the
legal document to be referred in case of ant dispute over the shipment.
It contains:
 The shipping company’s name and address
 The consignee’s name and address
 The port of loading and port of discharge
 Hipping marks and particulars
 Number and packages of goods
 Gross weight and net weight
 Freight details and name of the vessel
 Signature of the shipping company’s agent etc
Airway Bill:
This receipt issued by an airlines company or its agent for carriage of goods is a
contract between the owner of the goods and the carrier. It should indicate freight pre-paid or
freight collect. The first three digits of the Airway Bill Number represent the code, which
identifies the carrier.
Insurance Certificate:
This document is obtained from freight forwarder is used to assure the consignee that
insurance will cover the loss or damage of the cargo during transit.
Consular invoice:
This invoice is needed to be submitted for certification to the embassy of the country
concerned. Its main purpose is to enable the importer’s country to collect accurate and
authenticated information about the value, volume, quantity, source etc. of the import for
assessing import duties and for statistical purposes. It helps

49
the importer to get goods cleared through customs without any undue delay
4.5 TYPES OF CONTAINERS USED IN SHIPPING COMMODITIES
Dry Containers
Dry Containers are available in sizes of 10, 20, and 40 feet. They are used to
transport general cargo and are the most commonly used type of shipping container.
Image: 4.1
Dry Containers

Flat Rack Containers

Flat Rack containers have sides that can be folded down to accommodate heavy
loads, over-sized cargo, construction equipment, building supplies, or heavy machinery.
Image: 4.2
Flat Rack Containers

50
Open Top Containers
Open Top containers have a completely removable, convertible top that allows
for access to goods from the top of the container and is primarily used for over-height
cargo.
Image: 4.3
Open Top Containers

Tunnel Container
Tunnel containers are similar to a dry goods container. However due to having
openings on both ends, this container type makes loading and unloading easier.
Image: 4.4
Tunnel Container

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Side Open Storage Container
Side open storage containers open on the side (as opposed to the ends) to
facilitate specific loading and unloading needs.
Image: 4.5
Side Open Storage Container

Refrigerated ISO Containers

Image: 4.6
Refrigerated ISO Containers

52
 Refrigerated ISO Containers (also called reefer containers) regulate the
temperature to preserve temperature sensitive goods such as produce or seafood.
However, be aware that if you are shipping temperature sensitive items, spoilage will
only be covered if there was mechanical failure of the reefer container for an extended
period of time.
Insulated or Thermal Containers
Insulated or thermal containers come with a regulated temperature control
which allows them to withstand a higher temperature. They are most suitable for long
distance transportation of products.
Tanks
Tanks are the container type used for the transportation of liquid materials and
are used by a huge proportion of the shipping industry. These container types are
mostly made of anti-corrosive materials, such as strong steel, which provide them with
long life and protect the materials being transported
Image: 4.7
Tanks

Cargo Storage Roll Containers

53
 Cargo storage roll containers are specialized containers made for the purpose of
transporting sets or stacks of materials. They are made of thick, strong mesh along
rollers, which allow them to move easily, and the entire container is foldable.
Image: 4.8
Cargo Storage Roll Containers

Half Height Containers

These containers are half the height of a full sized dry container and they are
made mostly of steel. They are primarily used for goods like coal, stones, etc. which
require easy loading and unloading. Since these containers are half sized they help keep
the weight per container at a reasonable amount.
Image: 4.9
Half Height Containers

Car Carriers
Car carriers are special container storage units made for the shipment of cars
over long distances. To help a car fit snugly inside the containers without risking
54
damage, they come with collapsible sides.
Image: 4.10
Car Carriers

Drums
Drums are circular shipping containers that are most suitable for bulk transport
of liquid materials. They are made from a choice of materials like steel, light weight
metals, fiber, hard plastic etc. Although they are smaller in size, they may need extra
space due to their non-modular shape.
Image: 4.11
Drums

Special Purpose Containers

55
 These are container units custom made for specialized purposes and are mostly
used for high-profile services, such as the shipment of weapons. Their construction and
material composition depends on the special purpose they need to cater to.
Image: 4.12
Special Purpose Containers

4.6 SWOT ANALYSIS

Chart: 4.7
SWOT Analysis

56
 STRENGTH

THREATS
SWOT WEAKNESS

OPPORTUNITIES

STRENGTH: The strength is an inherent capacity, which an organization can use to

gain strategy advantage over its competitors and markets.
 Each & everyone dedicated in the work themselves.
 Skilled employees are present.
 Every one of employees has higher operational efficiency.
 As a changes present in market often employees are knowledge very well.
 Satisfying the customer with very good service.
WEAKNESS:
 Weakness is an inherent limitation or constraint, which create strategic disadvantage,
only concentrating in clearance of cargo.
 There is no presence of personal CHA team where the client is being pressurized by
forwarders side for certain period.
 Language makes a major in this field as far location that we communicate.
 Regular maintains of records are not being followed.
OPPORTUNITY: An opportunity is favourable condition in the organization
environment, which enable it to consolidate and strengthen its position.
 On having longer experience we can concentrate various goods other than regular
one.

57
  By having longer relationship with many customer & other countries agents can do
more import and exports too.
THREAT: Threats are unfavorable condition in the organization environment. Which
create risk or causes damages to the organization.
 More competitors.
 Language matters.

58
 CHAPTER V
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS
AND CONCLUSION

5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 FINDINGS
5.3 SUGGESTIONS
5.4 CONCLUSION

59
 CHAPTER-V
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the summary of findings, suggestions and conclusions of
the study. Findings refer to findings on profile of the respondents and related
information. Suggestions are given to the Logistic Company.

5.2 FINDINGS:
 They are excellent in taking decision during critical situation while compare with
others.
 The company is well in import, classic in service, employees are using technology
efficiently (work on online).
 Due to proper management system they got succeeded.
 They are working hard to be market leader, providing unique solution, committed to
delivery by passion for excellence.
 Company profit is good while compared with same standards of other company.
 Provides good care for the employees.
 Makes a small communication for taking new move or decisions too.
 The third eye[high authorities] well always share there comments for each
movements.
 Friendly atmosphere and are fixed in their track for their work.

5.3 SUGGESTIONS
 They are making decision is quite effective. So it can be followed for further
operation.
 If the company is focusing on export of cargo then it is more profitable.
 There is no separate employees are present for marketing. So if they focusing on that
they may get more consignment.
 Try to concentrate on various types of goods that will make us to withstand for quite
long time.
 Making LCL shipment may earn more profit to the company.
 Customer satisfaction has to be maintained at peak level.

60
  An employee has to be guided by an alternative person.
 The employees have to be motivated to perform well.
 Making a daily report on works will help to follow upcoming works.
 Can provide manpower for IGM filing.

5.4 CONCLUSION
The internship training (06TH FEB 2019 TO 16TH MAY 2019) in which I had
undergone at FAST FORWARD LOGISTICS was very helpful to me. Exactly Indian
business environment is changing with the rapid growth in infrastructure and
technology. With the increasing inflows of multinationals, trade has been increased,
which result in great competition between the organizations. Despite of the stiff
competition where FAST FORWARD is a leading forwarding company, because of
their effective implementation of management system & customer centric approach.
Hence this internship training helped me to understand the various aspects of
management of Shipping & Logistics world. I had a fruitful experience. I would like to
thank the company Managing Partner, Manager (Mentor) & Employees of the
company who helped me to complete the internship training successfully. As well the
backbone of this Organization HR sir, who was very friendly as well as good teacher
too. Where he shares all the key point to make us perform good in upcoming life. And I
am thankful to my management, HOD and staff members for giving me this
opportunity and putting confidence on me. The subjects and information that staffs
shared which made our training so easy that it was well appreciated and easy to for
performing our interns so good and peace.

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62
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