Name: Zarif Khan

Section: Sunflower, IX
24/02/2021
Biology Test – Sexual Reproduction
Q1) Describe the role of hormones in menstrual cycle. (8)
Ans: The menstrual cycle begins in the ovary and is controlled by the anterior
pituitary gland. The cycle begins with the onset of menstruation. The pituitary
gland secreters follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) into the bloodstream. The FSH
stimulates the development of the follicles in the ovaries. It also stimulates the
follicles in the ovary to secrete oestrogen. The ovaries secrete oestrogen which
causes the repair and growth of the endometrium or uterine lining. The uterine
lining become thick and spongy with blood vessels. A high concentration of
oestrogen in the blood inhabits FSH production, preventing the growth of follicles.
Oestrogen stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH). LH
causes ovulation and also causes the formation of the Corpus Luteum. The
corpus luteum secretes progesterone and oestrogen. The hormone progesterone
keeps the uterine lining thick and well supplied with blood, preparing it for the
implantation of the embryo. It also inhabits the formation of FSH and LH so that
no ovulation and development of follicles take place.

Q2) Describe the process of delivery. (8)

Ans: Birth begins when the strong muscles in the wall of the uterus start to
contract. The first stage of birth or called labour is triggered oxytocin.
Birth occurs in 3 stages, following:
Stage 1: The muscular walls of the uterus of the uterus starts to contract, slowly
stretching the opening of the cervix. The pressure breaks the amniotic sac,
releasing the amniotic fluid. Contraction gradually becomes more frequent,
pushing the baby down towards the cervix, which becomes dilated to allow the
baby to pass through.
Stage 2: The vagina stretches to allow the baby to be born. About the time that
the cervix becomes fully dilated, the amnion breaks as the child descends into
and passes through the birth canal, the sensation of pain increases.
Stage 3: The baby is still attached to the placenta by the umbilical cord, so this is
cut and tied. The placenta breaks away from the wall of the uterus and passes
out (afterbirth).

Q3) Mention the cause, symptom and treatment of syphilis.

Ans: Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. The disease
starts as a painless sore and this symptom is observed in the first 3 weeks after
infection — typically on the penis for male and in the vagina or the cervix for the
female. The chancre may disappear in a few weeks without any treatment.
About 2-6 months after infection, signs appear in different parts of the body, like
non-itchy skin rashes, sores on the mouth, throat and the genitals. Bald patches
may appear on the head and the lymph glands may become swollen. These signs
disappear after sometime but the bacteria remain dormant in the body until the
final stage of the disease. In the final stage, the disease causes internal organs to
be affected. Patients may suffer from heart failure and blindness, the brain and
spinal cord may be damaged and even cause paralysis, insanity and even death.
Syphilis can be cured at all stages if prompt treatment is taken. To prevent the
disease, one must use antibiotics to treat the infected person. Advise the infected
person from sexual intercourse and advise condom during intercourse.
Promiscuous sexual behavior should also be discouraged and trace contacts with
whome an infected person has had intercourse.