UGENYA TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL COLLEGE

P.BOX 74, SEGA-40614, KENYA

TELL: 01151107907
EMAIL: Ugenya.techcollege@gmail.com

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

NAME: WANZALA EVANS ALOO

ADMISSION NUMBER: AWF/001/J/2020

COURSE: ARTISAN IN WELDING AND FABRICATION

ATTACHMENT ORGANIZATION: J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION

LIMITED.

P.O BOX 33-50102, MUMIAS.

COMMENCED: 4TH OCTOMBER 2021

COMPLETION: 6TH DECEMBER 2021

AN ATTACHMENT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF ARTISAN IN

1|Page
 WELDING AND FABRICATION

DECLARATION

I, WANZALA EVAN OLOO, hereby declare that this training report is my original work

and has not been submitted before for any academic award either in this or other

institutions of higher learning for academic publication or any other purpose. The

references used here from other journals or materials are indicated in the references

section.

Name: Wanzala Evan Oloo.

Signature............................................ Date:………………………….

This attachment report has been submitted for examination with approval the
supervisor Ugenya Technical Vocation College.
Name :……………………......
Signature: Date:
……………………………… ……………………….

2|Page
 AKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I want to thank the Almighty God for bringing me this far and keeping me sound and
safe with good life during the entire field attachment period.

The development of this report took the effort, support and guidance of a number of
people whom I wish to thank.

I am grateful to my course Supervisor Mr. Johnson A. Amukoya for his guidance and
constructive criticisms.

I also wish to pay tribute to my attachment field supervisor, Mr. HEZRON SHIPWONI
who edited my submitted copies and guided me on ways of improving my skills in
gathering news and writing better feature stories.

I also thank my parents whose moral and financial support has remained unrelenting, my
dear friends and colleague welding at Ugenya Technical vocation college whose
motivations during the field attachment kept me moving.

I cannot end this list without paying tribute to the entire Ugenya Technical vocation
college staff particularly those from the department of Mechanical Engineering for their
constructive training and the knowledge they have imparted in me throughout the three
years training. May God bless you all.

3|Page
DEDICATION
I dedicate this report to my parents; Gabriel Aloo and Elizabeth Anyango for the continued
support both spiritually and financially as well as the motivation towards my field
attachment and my siblings.Finally,to my supervisor ENG.JONHSON AKWANDA who
gave me a chance to increase and improve my knowledge and skills in his Engineering
premise.

4|Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
VISION, MISSION,CORE VALUES,HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
CHAPTER TWO
PROJECT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT
CHAPTER THREE
FIELD WORK
HAND OUT ACTIVIES
ARCHIVEMENTS AND LESSONS LEARNT
PROFILE SKILLS ,MORAL AND SOCIAL EDUCATION
CHAPTER FOUR
CHALLENGES,ISSUE ANALYSIS AND LIMITATIONS
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER SIX
RECOMMENDATION

5|Page
 REFERENCES
CITATIONS

ABSTRACT

Industrial training is one of the requirements for the award of the Artisan Weldiingg
and Fabrication in Mechanical Engineering of Uganya Technical Institute. As such,
students are required to write and submit reports at the end of the training.
This report is the record of what I personally did during my industrial training at

J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED. From 4th October 2021 to 6th December,

2021.

It consists of four chapters which altogether explain the objectives of industrial training,

entail background information about the institute, various activities carried out at the

institute, general overview of Welding and Fabrication Technology, the hands-on activities

which I took part in and the skills acquired, challenges faced, recommendations and

conclusion.

Chapter one covers the objectives of industrial training, gives the background
information about J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED including its
core values, mission, vision, products and services provided and clientele.
Chapter two presents the general overview of Welding and Fabrication Technology.
Chapter three entails all the practical activities undertaken at the workshop giving
for each activity, the different tools and equipment used, technical procedures
followed, common faults, their causes and remedies.
Chapter four covers the skills acquired, challenges faced, recommendations and
conclusion.

6|Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED is an established wielding and
fabrication business that is engaged in the production of aluminium boat docks that will
suit and satisfy the diverse designs and concepts of the customer.  We at J.Shutters And
Fabrication Limited are very much dedicated to providing the highest quality
workmanship, reaching the agreed delivery dates, and actualizing the customer work
exactly in accordance with the customer’s concept a d astonishing designs.

Our focus at J.Shutters And Fabrication Limited is to find out who our future target
clients are and understand our marketing strategy, and to expand our operations and
marketing so it can substantially increase profitability while also serving Kisumu county.
J.Shutters And Fabrication Limited at Kenya at large

J.Shutters And Fabrication Limited is ownership company who has over 10 years of

experience in the wielding and fabrication industry and has built a reputation of excellence
and quality work that is very important in the industry

The report highlights what J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED does, my

attachment experiences, opportunities, programs and challenges. My attachment
commenced on 4th October 2021 and ended on 6th December 2021. I was assigned various
duties and activities including;

We at J.Shutters And Fabrication Limited we manufacture and sell aluminium boat

docks and also perform other welding and fabrication services for truck bodies and
commercial equipment. We at J.Shutters And Fabrication Limited gain our market share
in the following target markets: Kisumu market , Commercial Customers, Agricultural
Entities,and building sites .

 Evaluate all engineering drawings and ensure implementation according to

welding specifications.
 Perform all welding work with help of forming and cutting equipments.
7|Page
 Provide assistance to production process and mould various fixtures.
 Perform efficient welding of various metal objects with help of gas torch and
welder.
 Perform repair to damage alloy articles and prepare new articles with help of
welding machines.
 Perform work with help of various hand and power tools.
 Analyze diagrams and specifications and cut all metal accordingly with help of
welding torch.
 Assist to remove all soft metal for welding.
 Evaluate finished products and perform quality checks on
 Assemble old units and perform modification and repair work if required.
 Collaborate work with metal sheets and apply various insulation materials.
 Measuring material using tape measure, square and steel rule

8|Page
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
The industrial attachment is an essential component of the curricular of Ugenya Technical
and Vocational Training College and therefore one may not graduate without the industrial
attachment. The attachment is usually a maximum of twelve weeks, during which the
attaché is expected to acquire additional practical experience to supplement their course of
the study in the college. They are also exposed to the real world and its challenges which
will prepare them towards their future carriers. This report is the outcome of the 12 weeks
practical training I had at J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED.

OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL ATTACHMENT.

 Provide an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire industrial

skills and experience during their courses of study
 Prepare students for industrial work situations that they are likely to meet after
graduation.
 Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment that may not
be available in their institutions.
 Make the transition from school to the real world of work easier and enhance student
contacts for later job acquisition.
 Provide students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in real
work situations, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.
 To enhance industry´s satisfaction with the graduate of the Faculty in particular and
the College at large.

MISSION
 To provide superior industrial construction and maintenance services, with
complete client and employee satisfaction while upholding above standards of
safety, quality and productivity. We believe that, your success is our success, and
we stand by that.
VISION
 To provide our clients effective results through operation excellence while
maintaining a family-oriented culture, achieving client and employee satisfaction.
We strongly believe in a happy and safe environment.  A happy team will protect
each other work safe and produce a higher level of efficiency.

9|Page
CORE VALUES
customers First
Employees are the back bone of any operation
Safety
Our company thrives on providing a safe environment for all our employees, while
ensuring the protection of the equipment and environment around us.
Long Term Relationships
Being true and honest builds relationships that lasts
Accountability
Taking personal ownership to accomplish common goals
Dynamic Culture
We continuously seek new opportunities to learn, to improve, to teach, and to add value
Training
Mentoring and recognizing our new employees by placing them with trained, competent,
and proven employees
Continuous Improvement
Preparing lessons learned and implementing them into our programs and processes.
Continuously monitoring and auditing to ensure consistency and to identify areas for room
improvement.
Customer Satisfaction
Requesting continuous feedback from customers, and acting promptly to correct issues

10 | P a g e
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
It is very important to note that the backbone and founder of J.SHUTTERS AND
FABRICATION LIMITED is located in mumias in Kakamega County also believed
that it would be very crucial for him to have a business background for possible future
application. J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED in charge of product
procurement, order taking, customer service, and assorted other activities
J.Shutters And Fabrication Limited is a welding firm that deals with the welding of
arcs, aluminum welding. They have qualified engineers, contractors and welders who are
committed to their duties. They have machines and equipments required for welding . The
company is located in Mumias
OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT
The aim of this report is to indicate all areas that I covered during the industrial
attachment. Its main purpose is to indicate the skills and knowledge that I have obtained
during the field operations and how to incorporate practical working skills beyond those
gained at class level.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

During the attachment, I was attached to the workshop company; the report will only cover
parts of the areas that I did as a student, the experience gained during the

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE.

 But as he moves to grow the business, by travelling to the trade shows, doing all
necessary things as well as ramping up sales to accommodate the distributor sales,
J.Shutters And Fabrication Limited will employ workers that will cover a wide
range of services for the company. These workers include;

 Chief Executive Officer

 Service and Production Supervisor
 Operations Manager
 Sales and Marketing Executive
 Accountant
 Welding and Fabrication Engineers / Technicians
11 | P a g e
  Client Service Executive

CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

SERVICES & PRODUCTION OPERATION

SUPUPERVISOR SALES AND MARKETING
MANAGER EXCUTIVE

ACCOUNTANT WELDING AND FABRICATION

ENGINEER

CLIENT SERVICE
EXCUTIVE

Job Roles and Responsibilities

Chief Executive Officer

 Increases management’s effectiveness by recruiting, selecting, orienting, training,

coaching, counseling, and disciplining managers; communicating values, strategies,
and objectives; assigning accountabilities; planning, monitoring, and appraising job
results; developing incentives; developing a climate for offering information and
opinions; providing educational opportunities.
 In charge of providing direction for the business
 Creating, communicating, and implementing the organization’s vision, mission, and
overall direction – i.e. leading the development and implementation of the overall
organization’s strategy.
 In charge of signing checks and documents on behalf of the company
12 | P a g e
  Evaluates the success of the organization

Service and Production Supervisor

 Serve as project manager of the organization; works directly with employees

 Develops strategic plan by studying new automobile technological, and financial
opportunities; presenting assumptions; recommending objectives.
 Accomplishes subsidiary objectives by establishing plans, budgets, and results
measurements; allocating resources; reviewing progress; making mid-course
corrections.
 Coordinates efforts by establishing procurement, production, marketing, field, and
technical services policies and practices; coordinating actions with corporate staff.
 Builds company image by collaborating with customers, government, community
organizations, and employees; enforcing ethical business practices.
 Maintains quality service by establishing and enforcing organization standards.
 Maintains professional and technical knowledge by attending educational
workshops; reviewing professional publications; establishing personal networks;
benchmarking state-of-the-art practices; participating in professional societies.
 Make certain that the service and production department perform efficiently,
coordinate employee efforts, and facilitate communications between management
and computer repairs and maintenance engineers and technicians
 Make sure s that the organization works in line with international best practices.

Operations Manager

 In charge of overseeing the smooth running of HR and administrative tasks for the
organization
 Defining job positions for recruitment and managing interviewing process
 Carrying out staff induction for new team members
 In charge of training, evaluation and assessment of employees
 In charge of arranging travel, meetings and appointments
 Oversee the smooth running of the daily office and factory activities.

13 | P a g e
Sales and Marketing Manager

 Manage external research and coordinate all the internal sources of information to
retain the organizations’ best customers and attract new ones
 Model demographic information and analyse the volumes of transactional data
generated by customer
 Identifies development opportunities; follows up on development leads and contacts;
participates in the structuring and financing of projects; assures the completion of
development projects.
 Writing winning proposal documents, negotiate fees and rates in line with
organizations’ policy
 In charge of handling business research, market surveys and feasibility studies for
clients
 In charge of supervising implementation, advocate for the customer’s needs, and
communicate with clients
 Develop, execute and evaluate new plans for expanding increase sales
 Create new markets cum businesses for the organization
 Empower and motivates the sales team to meet and surpass agreed targets

Accountant / Cashier

 In charge of preparing financial reports, budgets, and financial statements for the
organization
 Provides managements with financial analyses, development budgets, and accounting
reports; analyses financial feasibility for the most complex proposed projects; conducts
market research to forecast trends and business conditions.
 In charge of financial forecasting and risks analysis.
 Performs cash management, general ledger accounting, and financial reporting for one
or more properties.
 In charge of developing and managing financial systems and policies
 In charge of administering payrolls
 Ensuring compliance with taxation legislation
14 | P a g e
 Handles all financial transactions for the business
 Serves as internal auditor for the business

Welding and Fabrication Engineers and Technicians

 In charge of developing welding and fabrication techniques, procedures, and

application of welding equipment to problems involving fabrication of metals, utilizing
knowledge of production specifications, properties and characteristics of metals and
metal alloys, and engineering principles: Conducts research and development
investigations to develop and test new fabrication processes and procedures, improve
existing or develop new welding equipment, develop new or modify current welding
methods, techniques, and procedures, discover new patterns of welding phenomena, or
to correlate and substantiate hypotheses.
 Tasked with preparing technical reports as result of research and development and
preventive maintenance investigations.
 Builds welding procedures to guide production and welding personnel relating to
specification restrictions, material processes, pre- and post-heating requirements which
involve use of complex alloys, unusual fabrication methods, welding of critical joints,
and complex post heating requirements.
 In charge of evaluating new developments in welding field for possible application to
current welding problems or production processes.
 Responsible for directing and coordinating technical personnel in performing
inspections to ensure workers’ compliance with established welding procedures,
restrictions, and standards; in testing welds for conformance with national code
requirements; or testing welding personnel for certification.
 In charge of contacting personnel of other agencies, engineering personnel or clients to
exchange ideas, information, or offer technical advice concerning welding matters.
 May perform experimental welding to evaluate new equipment, techniques, and
materials.

Client Service Executive

15 | P a g e
  Welcomes clients and potential clients by greeting them in person or on the
telephone; answering or directing inquiries.
 Make sure s that all contacts with clients (e-mail, walk-In centre, SMS or phone)
provides the client with a personalized customer service experience of the highest
level
 Through interaction with clients on the phone, uses every opportunity to build
client’s interest in the company’s products and services
 Serves as a auto parts sell attendant
 Manages administrative duties assigned by the creative director in an effective and
timely manner
 Consistently stays abreast of any new information on the organizations’ products,
promotional campaigns etc. to Make sure accurate and helpful information is
supplied to clients when they make enquiries

16 | P a g e
CHAPTER TWO
WELDING AND FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY

PROJECT BACKGROUND

Attachment period

I did my attachment with J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED which is a

registered welding company in Kisumu County. The attachment period was scheduled to
be three months. I worked with company for 12 weeks, he empowered with skills in
welding work.

Working with company made explore several places and some Permanent and semi-
permanent houses in County and mostly Kisumu. County .
This industry has many segments and each segment of the industry and each welding
process have its own growth patterns noted after accurate research. It’s important to note
that Welding is now the universally accepted method of permanently joining all metals.
The wielding industry is considered a mature industry but it is still a growing industry from
different perspectives.

The true impact of welding on the metalworking industry should be measured in the value
of the parts produced by welding, the amount of money saved by the use of welding over
other metal fabrication processes, and in the value of products made possible by welding.

Facts on ground have gone a long way to show the growth of the welding equipment and
materials industry, which also serves as an indication of the projected growth for the
future.

17 | P a g e
OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROJECT

 In every project there must be an objective that drives one into; just like this project I
had the reasons or objectives as to why I was doing this project. The main objective of
this project was to find out how welding participate in client’s projects and enhance
our capabilities and experience.
 To employ the highest caliber of trades personnel and support staff.
 To foster a work environment that enables our staff to excel at the things they do.
 To be creative, innovative, efficient and effective suppliers of pipe fabrication and
welding services.
 To work cooperatively with our customers to deliver projects to pre-defined standards
for quality, time and maximum cost effectiveness.
 To maintain our capabilities to work at short notice in remote areas and offshore.
 To continue operating J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED Welding as
a independent private company.
 To give our present and future shareholders a healthy return on their investment in our
business. Also to prove the rules of institute of electrical engineers (IEE).
Systems in metal fabrication and welding
The Metal Fabrication Process

Welding is only one step in a process that begins with a concept and ends with a finished
product that’s ready for installation and use. Fabricating any part or component requires a
process that follows a linear and logical progression from start to finish.
The metal fabrication process begins with the end in mind. Whatever materials are being
fabricated and welded into a project have a definite purpose planned and accounted for.
There are many steps involved in every fabrication job, and each one depends on the other
for success. Here are the main parts of the metal fabrication process:

 Bidding
Every project starts with the work being tendered or bid on. At this point, the end-user will
have a scope of works framed-out that specifies what the product is for and the number of
units required. This can be very detailed in the case of some unique part used in a highly
complex industry like aerospace, or it can be a general concept applied to a truck trailer.
Companies bidding on metal fabrication jobs will assess their capability to take on the
work with the resources they have. Some fabrication firms have a total in-house capacity to

18 | P a g e
undertake all scope-of-work facets where other companies might have to subcontract
specialized services such as welding.
Bids are only as good and as accurate as the information provided by the client to the
prime contractor. Competitive bidding between different metal fabrication companies tends
to be an adversarial exercise and counterproductive for achieving the best-priced work with
the highest-quality manufacturing.
Today, many fabricator and client agreements follow the design/build structure.

 Planning
This is a critical fabrication phase. Although there isn’t any hands-on metal cutting,
bending and welding going on yet, the time and effort put into planning a project can make
or break its success. They say failing to plan means planning to fail, and this holds true in
the metal fabrication process.
Planning sets the stage for other steps in the process. Designers and engineers work with
their client to fully understand the concept, its end-purpose and its specifications. By fully
disclosing what’s required to build the project, the planning team can develop the right
combination of materials and techniques necessary to complete it.
Planning is all about teamwork. Good project managers make sure they have input from
everyone involved in the fabrication process. They expect task-oriented professionals like
welders to contribute their skills and experience-based knowledge. If welding is involved
in the project, then welders should be part of the planning process.

 Production
To the outside eye, production is where the real work occurs. Once the client awards the
fabrication company a contract through the competitive bid system or a design/build
arrangement and the plans are made, the production phase takes over. This is where things
get built.
During production, raw materials take shape from standard stock or specialized sources
and start to transform into a useful product. In a typical fabrication process, metals are
selected and cut to component sizes. This can involve simple equipment like shears, or you
might see high-tech procedures like laser cutting and water cutting.
Once the metal fabricator or fabricating team has the critical components shaped by way of
cutting, bending and forming, it’s time for assembly. In most fabrication projects, this
involves welding. Here is where the difference between welding and fabrication becomes
evident. Welding is one step in the process, but it’s a crucial part of a complete fabrication
job.

19 | P a g e
CHAPTER THREE: HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT

Introduction

During my training at J.SHUTTERS AND FABRICATION LIMITED, I

participated in different practical activities where I applied the theoretical
knowledge and skills acquired in class into real world problem solving situations.
The activities included among others; Identification of workshop tools and
equipmrnts , bench vice practice , cutting material using cutting materials , and
grinding material using grinding machines known as grinder . They are detailed
below.

Activities involved
As Mechanical engineering student of Ugenya Technical Vocational College , practical
experience ought to have constituted about the percentage of knowledge gotten from the
period of training in workshop attachment. Unfortunately, the level of practical
knowledge/experience needed to function effectively in a research project workshop is
more than that, thus, the need for training and retraining in various machining processes
and procedures.
A training program was organised where we were trained on our to use the different types
of machines and machine tools that will aid us throughout our attachment.

ANGLE GRINDER
Angle grinders are welding tools commonly found in metal fabrication and other types of
metalworking shops. They are handheld power tools with consumable stone discs or blades
attached them. These discs or blades spin at high speeds to grind, polish or cut metals.
Several disc sizes and amperages are available
A power tool use for cutting and grinding Used alongside electrode to join metals together.
Shown in .It is shown in Figure

20 | P a g e
ARC WELDING MACHINE
Arc welding is a type of welding process using an electric arc to create heat to melt and
join metals. A power supply creates an electric arc between a consumable or non-
consumable electrode and the base material using either direct (DC) or alternating (AC)
currents.

Arc welding is a fusion welding process used to join metals. An electric arc from an AC or
DC power supply creates an intense heat of around 6500°F which melts the metal at the
join between two work pieces.

21 | P a g e
The arc can be either manually or mechanically guided along the line of the join, while the
electrode either simply carries the current or conducts the current and melts into the weld
pool at the same time to supply filler metal to the join.

Because the metals react chemically to oxygen and nitrogen in the air when heated to high
temperatures by the arc, a protective shielding gas or slag is used to minimize the contact
of the molten metal with the air. Once cooled, the molten metals solidify to form a
metallurgical bond.

 Different Types of Arc Welding

This process can be categorized into two different types; consumable and non-consumable
electrode methods.

Consumable Electrode Methods
Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG) and Metal Active Gas Welding (MAG)

Also known as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), uses a shielding gas to protect the base
metals from contamination.

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

Also known as manual metal arc welding (MMA or MMAW), flux shielded arc
welding or stick welding is a process where the arc is struck between the metal rod

22 | P a g e
(electrode flux coated) and the work piece, both the rod and work piece surface melt to
form a weld pool. Simultaneous melting of the flux coating on the rod will form gas, and
slag, which protects the weld pool from the surrounding atmosphere. This is a versatile
process ideal for joining ferrous and non-ferrous materials with a range of material
thicknesses in all positions.

Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)

Created as an alternative to SMAW, FCAW uses a continuously fed consumable flux cored

electrode and a constant voltage power supply, which provides a constant arc length. This
process either uses a shielding gas or just the gas created by the flux to provide protection
from contamination.

Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

A frequently-used process with a continuously-fed consumable electrode and a blanket of

fusible flux which becomes conductive when molten, providing a current path between the
part and the electrode. The flux also helps prevent spatter and sparks while suppressing
fumes and ultraviolet radiation.

Electro-Slag Welding (ESW)

A vertical process used to weld thick plates (above 25mm) in a single pass. ESW relies on
an electric arc to start before a flux addition extinguishes the arc. The flux melts as the wire
consumable is fed into the molten pool, which creates a molten slag on top of the pool.
Heat for melting the wire and plate edges is generated through the molten slag's resistance
to the passage of the electric current. Two water-cooled copper shoes follow the process
progression and prevent any molten slag from running off.

Arc Stud Welding (SW)

Similar to flash welding, SW joins a nut or fastener, usually with a flange with nubs that
melt to create the join, to another metal piece.

23 | P a g e
USING OF HACKSAW TO CUT 450

Hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting metal. The

equivalent saw for cutting wood is usually called a bow saw.

Most hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped walking frame that holds

a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for
attaching a narrow disposable blade. The frames may also be adjustable to accommodate
blades of different sizes. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under
tension.

Use to cut metals.

Procedures for cutting using hacksaw

 Always wear eye protection and gloves when cutting metal.

 Select the correct blade for the project being undertaken and ensure it is securely
inserted in the frame/ handle with the teeth facing either forwards or backwards
depending on preference.
 Check the blade is rigid, correctly aligned, and taut.
 Clamp the workpiece or place it in a vice; if this is not possible as the metal is joined
to another object, ensure the piece you are not wishing to remove will remain secure
once the other piece has been cut off.
 To begin the cut, make a series of one-way strokes against the direction of the teeth –
this will create a narrow incision that the blade can sit in. Once the blade has gained

24 | P a g e
 purchase in a millimeter or so of the surface, the full forward and backwards sawing
action will soon enable the cut off to be completed.
 Try not to rush; a smooth, steady sawing action will provide the best cut and will
reduce the likelihood of the blade overheating and breaking. A little machine oil or
cutting fluid placed on the blade will reduce friction.

HAND DRILL
A drilling machine is a machine tool primarily used for making a round hole or driving
fasteners. A drilling machine is used for the drilling process, and it is also the processing
technology often required in manufacturing production
Use to drill into metals or wood.

Hand drilling machine

A drilling machine (also known as a drilling machine) is an application for cutting holes in
or out of metal, wood or other materials. While drilling machine is indispensable
equipment for machinery manufacturing and various repair factories. According to the
purpose and structure, it is mainly divided into the following categories:

1. Portable drilling machine

The portable drilling machines are used to drill small holes and are commonly used

25 | P a g e
 in the entire workshop. This type of drill machine is operated by holding in a hand
and the workpiece where the hole is to be drilled is held in a vice.
2. Sensitive drilling machine
The table and spindle speed and feed mechanism can be moved vertically on the
column for machining small and medium-size work pieces. Sensitive drilling
machines are available in floor and table type; it can enable the operator to
sensitively feel the pressure required for drilling and effectively adjust the applied
pressure.
3. Upright drilling machine
This type of machine is used for drilling medium and large size holes which are
larger in size and stronger compared with the sensitive drilling machine. There are
differences between two types of upright drilling machines based on the type of
column used including round column and box column.
4. Gang drilling machine
The gang drilling machine can drill the same or different sizes of holes at the same
time or different time due to it has a number of drill heads placed together. So the
specialty of this machine tool is that it can drill a huge number of holes all in the
same efficient job.
5. Deep hole drilling machine
A specialized machine tool that uses for deep hole drillings such as the deep holes
of barrels and machine tool spindles. It is generally being a horizontal way to
facilitate a large body and it is often with coolant insid

26 | P a g e
A PROFILE IN SKILLS AND COMPETENCE GAINED.
 Mathematical Skills
Since math skills help welders perform tasks more effectively, they can help job candidates stand out. You'll
need to be able to calculate the dimensions to be welded, read blueprints, and interpret sketches. Math will
also come in handy when you cut and trim metal objects to specific dimensions. Calculating Dimensions,
Interpreting Sketches, Reading Blueprints, Spatial Reasoning, Understanding 2-D and 3-D Diagrams.
 Attention to Detail
Good welders need to pay attention to details. For example, they should be able to evaluate equipment for
purchase. They'll also need to clean grease or corrosion from parts and chip out holes, bubbles, and cracks
prior to welding. They must perform work that requires minimal flaws. All of these tasks require attention to
detail.
Moreover, welders often work in somewhat dangerous environments. They, therefore, need to keep their
workspace clean and safe. Maintaining Work Areas, Cutting and Trimming Metal Objects to
Dimensions,Detecting Changes in Molten Metal Flows, Following Directions,Identifying Joints, Part and
Material Inspection, Adherence to Safety Standards
 Physical Abilities
Your physical abilities can help make you more attractive to employers. Specifically, you'll need to be able
to lift, bend, twist, and stoop to put together or dismantle large objects such as automobiles and aircraft.
You’ll also need steady hands and grip to hold a torch in place for long periods of time. Physical
Endurance,Depth Perception, Close Vision,Hand-eye Coordination,Lifting Considerable Weight,Manual
Dexterity,Steady Hands,and Working in Adverse Conditions
 Administrative
Welding is a physical job, but administrative tasks are part of the profession as well. Welders need to be able
to document their work, have good organizational skills, and maintain inventory, ordering more supplies
when necessary. Welders also need to be able to plan and manage projects. This might involve working
alone or working effectively with a team. Documenting Work, Meeting Deadlines, Organizational, Planning
Projects, Prioritizing, Reliability,Time Management,Teamwork,Verbal Communication and Working
Independently

27 | P a g e
 CHAPTER FOUR: SKILLS ACQUIRED, CHALLENGES FACED
RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

Introduction

This chapter covers the skills acquired from the field attachment training, challenges faced at work,
recommendations and conclusion.

Experience gained/achievements from the training

From the industrial training, I acquired a number of skills and knowledge through the application of
the theoretical knowledge learnt in class into the practical operations which led to an improvement
and widening of my engineering knowledge. All activities were carried out while taking note of all
the safety precautions necessary to prevent accidents and produce the desired results accurately and
in time while using the right tools and following the correct procedures.
The following were the achievements from the training.
 Maintenance of welding and Fabrication equipment.
 Exposure to the demands and challenges of the workplace.
 Appreciation of the professional and therefore better work ethics.
 Improved confidence in problem-solving.
 How to relate to different categories of people likely to be met in real-life situation.
 Opportunity to meet and work with potential employers.
 Gained first-hand experience working as an mechanical engineering professional.
 I learnt how to work with other engineering professionals and the value of teamwork in
engineering.
 I was able to increase my technical, interpersonal and communication skills, both oral and
written.
Challenges faced during the training
During the training, a number of challenges were faced as given below.

 Most mechanical words used in welding work were not familiar to me but more research and
inquiries were made from the senior welder and through reading of welding manuals to get
acquainted with them.
 In the earlier days of the training, several accidents and injuries were sustained for example cuts
on fingers and legs; however with time, vigilance, eye problem on work was increased which
reduced on injuries.
 Language barrier. The language used at the work place was not familiar to me but usually
requested them to kindly translate for me and also efforts were made to learn the key words
normally used while carrying out operations.

28 | P a g e
 While making inquiries from the senior mechanics on the operations being carried out, different
reactions would be received from different people; some were welcoming while others were tough.
So most of the research and inquiries were made with the friendly mechanics and serious efforts
were made to befriend everyone at the workshop.
 Most of the work needed use of heavy tools and machine components which made the work
difficult, tiresome and time consuming. In such cases, help was sought from other people in the
workshop to help especially in lifting the heavy machine components and tools.
 Inadequate tools and equipment like Hacksaws, and grinding machine, which is used to cut metals
caused delay of the work hence creating work backlogs.
 Unfavorable weather conditions like heavy rainfall often disrupted activities at the workshop. In
such cases, operations were carried out under an erected structure, which however could only
accommodate small equipments .
 Relating theoretical knowledge to practical situations was a great setback. However, through
continuous research and persistent inquiries from the workshop technicians, it became easy.
 Limited time to share knowledge with all engineers and technicians due to tight schedules at the
workshop.
 Inadequate financial support to cater for my daily expenses like transport, meals and others.
 Limited working space due to congestion in the workshop.
 Inadequate safety guards during operation of some machines like welding machine which is heavy
and big.
 Lack of well-designed training program and an immediate person who is responsible for the
affairs of the trainees. This made trainees not to fully exploit some of the most important
engineering aspects of the institution as there was no serious monitoring and also access to some
of the sections was either not easy or prohibited without the permission of a supervisor.
 There was poor sanitation at the workshop. For example, toilets were shared equally by both male
and female workers. This is risky to the health of workers.
 Too much bureaucracy which led to delay of work in the workshop as sometimes spare parts
and other materials could not be accessed in time.

29 | P a g e
CHAPTER FIVE
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Following what transpired during the industrial training especially the challenges I encountered,
I recommend the following to the management of J.SHUTTERS & FABRICATION LIMITED.
 Proper waste management should be frequently carried out at the workshop. Rubbish should be
collected together and either burnt or disposed off to keep the workshop clean every time.
 There should be a well-designed training program for trainees and an immediate
person responsible for their affairs.
 All the necessary tools should be availed and close supervision carried out by registering all the
tools and the corresponding workers using them so that in case of any tool loss, the particular
worker is responsible and replaces them.
 More safety gadgets should be acquired especially for air compressing and panel beating
 Scraps should be removed from working areas to give more working space as well as for safety
purposes. There should be a scrap yard where scraps are collected and stored.
 Management should consider expanding the workshop so as to accommodate the ever-
increasing volume of work at the workshop.
 Training duration should be extended since the mechanical engineering field is a very wide one
and therefore cannot be fully exhausted within the allocated weeks of training.
 Materials should be acquired timely and availed immediately upon requisition, to avoid delay
in carrying out work in the workshop.
 In a bid to improve sanitation of workers at the workshop, I recommend that male and female
workers should use separate toilets.

Issue Analysis
The issues faced by this business are physical and the good thing is that they can be handled
given time and resources. It’s just a matter of setting right priorities and attainable goals within
short or long term as well as handling installation site.

30 | P a g e
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION

The internship was a fruitful experience. Through the application of the theoretical
knowledge into real-life problem-solving situations, I gained a lot of experience
especially in the mechanical field. I also got insight into professional practice, learnt
how life can be fruitful as well as challenging under employment; and how to face and
deal with these challenges. It was also a great opportunity for developing personal
networking activities and making contacts with influential people; which is of great
value to me as far as my career is concerned. The training also enabled me to discover
my strengths and weaknesses. This further helped me to identify areas to improve on.
In a nutshell, I achieved most of my learning objectives from the training.

31 | P a g e
REFERENCES.

Most of the times I used to refer from the internet and course work books for more
information

Anon., 2001. A New Methodology for Engine Diagnostics and Control Utilizing
‘Synthetic’

Engine Variables: Theoretical and Experimental Results, Transactions of the

ASME. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, Volume 123.

Gao, Y. & Randall, R. B., n.d. Reconstruction of diesel engine cylinder pressure
using a time domain smoothing technique, Mechanical Systems and Signal
Processing. 5 ed. s.l.:s.n .

32 | P a g e
CITATIONS

33 | P a g e
34 | P a g e