Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Higher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
City Government of Bago
BAGO CITY COLLEGE
Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy. Balingasag, Bago City, Negros Occidental 6101 Tel. [034]
4611-363 | Fax: [034] 4610-546 | E-mail: bagocitycollege@yahoo.com.ph

World History 2 ( Modern and Contemporary Era )

NAME:_____________________________________________________________________
COURSE & SECTION:

__________________________________________________________ INSTRUCTOR:

_______________________________________________________________ CONTACT

NO. : _____________________________________________________________
 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Higher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
City Government of Bago
BAGO CITY COLLEGE
Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy. Balingasag, Bago City, Negros
Occidental 6101
Tel: [034] 4611-363 | Fax: [034] 4610-546 | E-mail: bagocitycollege@yahoo.com.ph
Course Guide

I. COURSE TITLE: World History 2 (Modern and Contemporary Era)

II. COURSE OVERVIEW

A. INTRODUCTION

This course is designed for students of to be able to develop an analytical mind and acquire critical thinking skills as they read the facts and figures regarding the
history of the world from the modern period to the contemporary times. This is specifically from the 15th century to the 21st century passing through from the aftermath
of the Renaissance period to the period of Enlightenment, going to the different sets of revolutions such as intellectual, political, religious, economic and industrial
reaching to explosions of two sets of world wars, the first and the second before finally settling to the establishment of a peaceful world today. It is in these events that
you will have to find out the cause and effect of each turn of world events at these contemporary times.

B. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME

World History from the Modern Period to the Contemporary Period is a required and major course to third year students of Bachelor in Secondary Education major
Social Studies. The contents of this course are in lined with the program of Bachelor in Secondary Education major Social Studies as provided for CMO 75 Series of
2017. In this course, students are expected to:
1. Utilize appropriate various socio-cultural and historical materials in explaining current issues.
2. Integrate local and global perspectives in teaching the principle of the common good.
3. Show scholarship in research and further learning.
4. Display the qualities of an innovative teacher who has mastery of the subject matter.

C. MODULES AND UNIT TOPICS

To ensure that you will demonstrate the above cited course learning outcomes at the end of the semester, these module is divided into the following:
 MODULE 1: The Renaissance Period
MODULE 2: Reformation-Counter Reformation and the Rise of Western Imperialism
MODULE 3. The Rise of Revolution such as Scientific and Enlightenment, Political and Social
and Industrial Revolution
MODULE 4: Rise of Nationalism and World Wars
MODULE 5: The World today and beyond with the Dominant Ideologies, Neo-
Colonialism, Terrorism, Issues on Population and Health and Ecology and
Human Rights Violations

III. COURSE STUDY GUIDE

This module was carefully prepared for you students of Bachelor in Secondary Education major Social Studies as this would prepare you to be able
to learn, independently and become analytic and critical of the world events before and happenings of today that is concerning the world and society we are living in.
This will give you a glimpse of how the world was in the centuries before starting with the transition from the classical age to the modern era. Together, this subject will
bring you to a time travel for free by just by reading the text being provided. The following house rules below will guide you to achieve the objectives of this course
including the accomplishment of the different performance tasks and will train you to become analytical and critical of world events and happenings.
1. TIME MANAGEMENT. For the whole semester, you will be accomplishing five modules where in you can work on your assigned tasks. This means that you
will accomplish each module in one week and submit it in the next succeeding week preferably on a Thursday or Friday before beginning the next module and by
the end of the semester the entire module will have been accomplished
2. STUDY HABIT. In doing your module, note down the things required of you. Make a hard copy of it so that by the end of the whole term you have a complete
set of all the outputs to be submitted and you have something to study on for assessment any time within the term.
3. SETTING GUIDELINES. In order to be guided in doing / answering the module please always refer to the instructions given in each of the modules and if
there is/are things that you are not cleared about feel free to communicate with me and ask for clarification or simplification of instructions but never alter any part
of the module to your own desire. If you do so, your answers or outputs will be invalidated. If there is a rubric provided in the module follow it and never deviate
from it so that you will always beat the right track.
In presenting all your written output you have to observe the following:
* Write legibly, clearly and neatly
* Submit a well thought-out answer
* Do not use abbreviation and ACRONYMs unless these are introduced in the
readings, and do not write in text-speak
 * Avoid writing in all caps
* Express yourselves in a brief and concise manner using the English language.
* Put your heart and mind in answering your module for if you do so you would be
inspired to finish it up to the end of the term. Never take things for granted or change
any part just to suit your whims.
* Ask help from family members, your neighbours and friends, they will be your support
group but the activities must be done by you.
∙ As my way to monitor, you may send a copy of your output through my personal messenger account with a profile pic in blue-colored picture just write
your name, course, year and section and the name of your department. However, keep a printed copy to be submitted at the end of the module to be
submitted at the end of the term.
∙ Don’t hesitate to ask me any question regarding the lessons.

IV. STUDY SCHEDULE

WEEK TOPIC LEARNING ACTIVITIES TECHNOLOGY/MATERIALSUSED

OUTCOMES

2-weeks MODULE 1 Refer to module for See the activities in the module Refer to module for resources to be used
Learning Outcomes

2-weeks MODULE 2 Refer to module for See the activities in the module Refer to module for resources to be used
Learning Outcomes

2-weeks MODULE 3 Refer to module for See the activities in the module Refer to module for resources to be used
Learning Outcomes

2-weeks MODULE 4 Refer to module for See the activities in the module Refer to module for resources to be used
Learning Outcomes

2-weeks MODULE 5 Refer to module for See the activities in the module Refer to module for resources to be used
Learning Outcomes

V. EVALUATION
To pass this course, you must:
1. Comply what is asked in each procedure of the module.
2. Present all outputs in a long-bond paper either in hand or typed-written as required.
 3. Submit all required outputs in each modules every end of each time frame given in the matrix above
4. Submit the final output in a complied written form
5. Accomplish the final evaluation through online examination based on time schedule set by your
facilitator.

Basis of Grade Computation

Online Examination on the Final Period
Output in each Procedure of the Module
Portfolio required in each Term-Period

Note: See Attached Grading System, Criteria and Scoring Rubrics Appended in your Module in the Appendices.

VI. TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS

For you to be able to accomplish the activities, you will need the following software Application, MS Word, MS Powerpoint, and Camera, Cellphone with Camera, , Facebook

VII. CONTACT INFORMATION OF THE FACILITATOR

You can contact me through my email: harley0401bago@gmail.com
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Hgher Education Regional Office VI (HERO VI)
City Government of Bago
BAGO CITY COLLEGE
Rafael Salas Drive, Brgy Balingasag, Bago City, Negros Occidental 6101

Modules in World History 2 ( Modern and Contemporary Era )

BSED-Social Studies III
Social Studies 18

Module #1: The Renaissance Period, 14th Century Transition Towards the Modern Era

Intended Learning Outcomes: At the end of this module, the student must
1. Analysed the factors that paved the way to the emergence of the Renaissance period
2. Enumerated the thinkers who had propagated the Renaissance and their contributions/ influence to the society
 3. Appreciated the roles played by the merchant and bankers during the Renaissance period

Introduction:
Are you an art enthusiast? Do you love art in its classic style or in its modern style? Well, if we are trying to trace the beginning of the
modern times and what happened during those times, it is just right that we go back to that historical period and human experience in the
Renaissance period which is the beginning of modern Historical period.

This module will guide prospective teachers like you to devise meaningful learning activities to appreciate the ancient classics of Greece
and Rome and to be able to truly appreciate the different works of Renaissance artists, humanists and merchant.
Activities: Tri- questions: Answer the questions below in the most practical way:

1. Do you love Renaissance art in whatever form like music? Painting? Sculpture, Architectural designs? Literary pieces?

As a musician in today’s generation, I particularly love the different pieces of music of the renaissance period. These
kinds of music that were created in this era are absolutely soothing to my ears, it is so harmonious and pacifying to my
soul and I can feel how hardworking those composers are to produce a classical melody of notes and to showcase their
mastery in music. The sounds of every instrument remind me of the sacrifices that they have made just to bring this
excellent and classical music throughout the world and up until now in this modern age, it is still well-known. Every
time I listen to it, it drives me back to its period when new innovations and various ideas began to expand and prosper.
Aside from that I also appreciate all the different kinds of painting, sculpture, architectural designs as well as the
literary pieces of this period. Specifically, the well-known painting of Leonardo da Vinci, the Mona Lisa that is being
popular to the people that representing the idea of happiness as well the Last suffer that brings a significant value to
the History of Church. In terms of sculpture the one that amazes is the work of Michelangelo and specifically, he is
famous for his masterpiece the statue of David that symbolizes strength and youthful beauty. I am honored to witness
all of their masterpieces works and I am grateful as these stood as the foundation of artistry around the world.
 2. Who is your favorite Renaissance artist?

My favorite artist in the renaissance period is Josquin des Prez.

3. Why?

I was inspired by his famous composition the “Miserere” that became widely distributed motets in the 16th century. It is a
prayer of mercy and a setting of Psalm 51 particularly; it was one of the most famous settings of that psalm of the entire
Renaissance. Up until now his composition is still played and performed by the choir in all Catholic Churches. He was a
music scholar to be the first master of the High Renaissance style of polyphonic vocal music and he was praised for both
his supreme melodic gift and his use of ingenious technical devices. He was the greatest innovator of counterpoint (pre-
Bach) and pioneered the technique of melodic imitation between voices in the composition of choral music. He was a
remarkable craftsman who was incredibly productive bringing the Renaissance style into an altogether more sensitive and
communicative manner. Indeed, I appreciate and flattering all of his contributions that bring significant value to sacred
and secular music and in all of the significant vocal forms of the age.

Analysis: Discussion Questions:

1. What was Renaissance?
2. What were the factors that led to the rise of the Renaissance in the latter part of the Middle Ages?
3. How did Renaissance influence the emergence of the new perspective in politics, religion and education?
4. Who were the key persons behind the Renaissance and their specific contributions to the Renaissance
Instruction:

Write your answers in a chart form below:

 Meaning /concept of
Renaissance
Renaissance, (French: “Rebirth”)
period in European civilization
immediately following the
Middle Ages and conventionally
held to have been characterized
by a surge of interest in Classical
scholarship and values. The
Renaissance also witnessed the
discovery and exploration of
new continents, the substitution
of the Copernican for the
Ptolemaic system of astronomy,
the decline of the feudal system
and the growth of commerce,
and the invention or application
of such potentially powerful
innovations as paper, printing,
the mariner’s compass, and
gunpowder. To the scholars and
thinkers of the day, however, it
was primarily a time of the
revival of Classical learning and
wisdom after a long period of
cultural decline and stagnation.
Factors that led to the rise
of Renaissance
The following factors that led to
Renaissance are the Rise of
Intellectuals, Reintroducing of
Classical Works, The discovery of
Printing Press, Black Death or
The Bubonic Plague, and The
Development of Renaissance
Humanism.
The Rise of Intellectuals; the
important feature of the Middle
Ages was the rise of literacy.
People learnt to read and write
Latin and also, vernacular
Languages. They needed sort of
education to carry government
activities. Therefore, the 14th
century saw the rise of schools
and most of the people began
reading classics books and
literature as well as sending
their children to higher
education. By this way, it
spreads knowledge and created
a new approach to thinking and
Influence of Renaissance to
new perspective in politics,
religion and education
Governments in the Renaissance
focused on reducing the impact
religion had on the economy and
politics of their society. Wealth
began to impact politics more,
such as the Medici family, who
accumulated huge profits and
which were used to finance
cultural and political activities.
The collapse of feudalism led to
the release of social forces that
led to the Renaissance. People
were freer than ever before, and
they were prepared to question
and doubt and develop new
ideas about society and to create
new means of expression and
styles of art to represent them.
Renaissance states had three
basic forms of Government:
princedoms, monarchies, and
oligarchies or republics. During
the period of the renaissance,
both these political institutions
Key Persons behind
Renaissance and their specific
contributions to the
Renaissance period. (at least 5)
Leonardo da Vinci, (Italian:
“Leonardo from Vinci”) (born
April 15, 1452, Anchiano, near
Vinci, Republic of Florence [Italy]
—died May 2, 1519, Cloux [now
Clos-Lucé], France), Italian
painter, draftsman, sculptor,
architect, and engineer whose
skill and intelligence, perhaps
more than that of any other
figure, epitomized the
Renaissance humanist ideal. His
Last Supper (1495–98) and Mona
Lisa (c. 1503–19) are among the
most widely popular and
influential paintings of the
Renaissance. His notebooks
reveal a spirit of scientific inquiry
and a mechanical inventiveness
that were centuries ahead of
their time.
Michelangelo, in full
Michelangelo di Lodovico
In addition, Renaissance was a
fervent period of European
cultural, artistic, political, and
economic “rebirth” following the
Middle Ages. Generally
described as taking place from
the 14th century to the 17th
century, the Renaissance
promoted the rediscovery of
classical philosophy, literature
and art. Some of the greatest
thinkers, authors, statesmen,
scientists and artists in human
history thrived during this era,
while global exploration opened
up new lands and cultures to
European commerce. The
Renaissance is credited with
bridging the gap between the
Middle Ages and modern-day
civilization.
learning. Reintroducing of
Classical works; at the start of
the renaissance many classical
texts had been lost and existed.
During the renaissance many key
texts were introduced into
Europe, whether by merchants
taking advantage of the new
hunger for old texts or by
scholars who had been invited
over to teach. For instance, in
1396 a Chair for teaching Greek
was created in Florence.
The discovery Printing Press; The
earliest printed paper in Europe
was in 1454, printed on movable
type. In 12th century designs
were printed on textiles but
books were written by hand.
Therefore, the spread of
knowledge was slow and costly.
Gradually people developed the
art of printing in Mainz in
Germany. Within years, presses
were introduced all over Europe.
Books were produced quickly
and cheaply and in greater
quantity. This was a revolution
have developed from medieval
roots, but both failed to get
transformed completely into a
modern system. During the
Renaissance, people increasingly
began to see the world from a
human-centered perspective.
This had a powerful impact on
religion. Increasingly, people
were paying more attention to
this life rather than the afterlife.
Eventually, humanism brought
about a spirit of skepticism.
During the Renaissance,
Humanism played a major role
in education. Humanists —
proponents or practitioners of
Humanism during the
Renaissance—believed that
human beings could be
dramatically changed by
education. The Humanists of the
Renaissance created schools to
teach their ideas and wrote
books all about education.
The Humanists believed that it
was important to transcend to
the afterlife with a perfect mind
Buonarroti Simoni, (born March
6, 1475, Caprese, Republic of
Florence [Italy]—died February
18, 1564, Rome, Papal States),
Italian Renaissance sculptor,
painter, architect, and poet who
exerted an unparalleled
influence on the development of
Western art. He was considered
the greatest living artist in his
lifetime, and ever since then, he
has been held to be one of the
greatest artists of all time. A
number of his works in painting,
sculpture, and architecture rank
among the most famous in
existence. Although the frescoes
on the ceiling of the Sistine
Chapel Vatican are probably the
best known of his works, the
artist thought of himself
primarily as a sculptor. His
practice of several arts,
however, was not unusual in his
time, when all of them were
thought of as based on design,
or drawing. He worked in
marble sculpture all his life and
of the time. Printing made the
spread of literacy easier. This
welcomed by the renaissance
leaders as it greatly contributed
to the movement. Black Death
or The Bubonic Plague; the Black
Death is one of the most
important events in Western
history and is the most famous
pandemic in all of human
history. The Black Death
occurred during the 14th century
and ravaged human populations
throughout Asia and Europe as it
spread along trade routes and
through trading ports.
Throughout history, it has also
been referred to as the ‘Great
Mortality’ and ‘Great
Pestilence’. The reported death
tolls are massive with some
suggesting that it resulted in the
deaths of between 75 and 200
million people in Europe and
Asia. The Black Death is an
important cause of the
Renaissance because it caused
people to question and
and body, which could be
attained with education. The
purpose of Humanism was to
create a universal man whose
person combined intellectual
and physical excellence and who
was capable of functioning
honorably in virtually any
situation. This ideology was
referred to as the “uomo
universal”, an ancient Greco-
Roman ideal. Education during
the Renaissance was mainly
composed of ancient literature
and history, as it was thought
that the classics provided moral
instruction and an intensive
understanding of human
behavior.
The educational curriculum of
Humanism spread throughout
Europe during the 16th century
and became the educational
foundation for the schooling of
European elites, the
functionaries of political
administration, the clergy of the
various legally recognized
in the other arts only during
certain periods.
Raphael, Italian in full Raffaello
Sanzio or Raffaello Santi, (born
April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of
Urbino [Italy]—died April 6,
1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]),
master painter and architect of
the Italian High Renaissance.
Raphael is best known for his
Madonnas and for his large
figure compositions in the
Vatican. His work is admired for
its clarity of form and ease of
composition and for its visual
achievement of the Neoplatonic
ideal of human grandeur.
Filippo Brunelleschi, (born 1377,
Florence [Italy]—died April 15,
1446, Florence), architect and
engineer who was one of the
pioneers of early Renaissance
architecture in Italy. His major
work is the dome of the
Cathedral of Santa Maria del
Fiore (the Duomo) in Florence
challenge their own religious
beliefs. This was because, at the professionals of law and
time, there were no clear
reasons for the spread of the
disease and people did not
understand how to stop it. As a
result, many people suggested
that it was god’s will and used
their religious understanding to
explain its spread. As a result,
this set the stage for some
people to question the authority
of the Catholic Church and
allowed for new ideas and
change to enter into European
society. The Development of
Renaissance Humanism;
Humanism in the Renaissance
period, was an intellectual
movement. Renaissance
Humanism has been called the
earliest expression of
Renaissance, and is described as
both a product of the movement
and a cause. Humanists were
scholars who studied subject
which develop man’s personality
e.g., literature and philosophy.
churches, and the learned (1420–36), constructed with the
aid of machines that
medicine. Brunelleschi invented expressly
for the project. Most of what is
known about Brunelleschi’s life
and career is based on a
biography written in the 1480s
by an admiring younger
contemporary identified as
Antonio di Tuccio Manetti.
Giovanni Bellini, (born c. 1430,
Venice [Italy]—died 1516,
Venice), Italian painter who, in
his work, reflected the increasing
interest of the Venetian artistic
milieu in the stylistic innovations
and concerns of the Renaissance.
Although the paintings for the
hall of the Great Council in
Venice considered his greatest
works, were destroyed by fire in
1577, a large number of
altarpieces (such as that in the
church of Saints Giovanni e
Paolo in Venice) and other
extant works show a steady
evolution from purely religious,
 The humanists first studied narrative emphasis to a new
Latin. They went to various naturalism of setting and
libraries to search manuscripts landscape.
and collected ancient coins and
statues. Humanists’ thinkers
challenged the mindset of both
previously dominant school of
scholarly thought, Scholasticism
as well as the Church that allows
new mindsets which
underpinned the Renaissance to
develop instead.

What you need to know:

In the latter part of the medieval period, medieval views of the universe, society and man then slowly gave way to science and secularization. The religious
Interpretation about the nature of things became unacceptable. However the use of reason became the basis of analysing things and building institutions. With the decline of
the church, the priests slowly lost the monopoly in learning, eventually leading to a secular view of literature, arts and the world. A new era called Renaissance emerged
towards the end of the Middle Ages.

Renaissance came from a French word meaning “ rebirth “. There are two interpretations to this. One, as a cultural or intellectual movement that attempted to revive
the beauty of the ancient culture of the Greeks and Romans by studying the science and culture of these civilization. The second, as a period of transition from the Middle
Ages towards the Modernization.

This period demonstrated a deviation from the way of thinking that was popular during the Middle Ages where the church played a major role in the lives of people. But with
Renaissance , credit was accorded to humans and their contributions to the major shift with the way politics, religion and education were viewed. This inspired the European
voyagers to reach distant places of the world, which eventually led to establishment of European Empires and colonies. This period also
inspired creativity in the arts as proven by the geniuses like Raphael Santi, Michelangelo Bounarotti and Leonardo da Vinci. However, despite the dramatic change in the view
of the world during the Renaissance period, the ideas and institutions that were established during the Medieval period did not disappear, instead Renaissance period revived
the classical culture of Greeks and Romans. But it also developed a new view of the world that began in Italy and afterwards spread into Germany, France, England and Spain
during the latter part of the 15th century up to the16th century
Abstraction: Answer the following questions:
1. Will you explain the factors that paved the way to the emergence of the Renaissance period?
The first main cause of the Renaissance was the increased interaction between different cultures and societies in the time
before and during the start of the Renaissance. This is important because at the time Europe was in the midst of the Middle
Ages. The Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) had several key features such as feudalism and devout religious faith in the form of
Christianity. Some major developments of the Renaissance include astronomy, humanist philosophy, the printing press,
vernacular language in writing, painting and sculpture technique, world exploration, and in the late Renaissance, Shakespeare's
works. These features (along with others) combined to form a society that was very rigid socially, religiously, and politically.
This means that European society at the time was not necessarily open to change. However, the essence of the Renaissance
was that Europe experienced a shift in worldview and perspective. This shift was caused by new ideas, views, and beliefs that
Europe was exposed to in the centuries before the start of the Renaissance, which began in the 14th century. First, vast trade
networks across Europe, Asia, and Africa led to increased interaction between different societies which caused not only an
exchange of goods but also an exchange of people, beliefs, ideas, and values. The largest and most well-known of these trade
networks was the Silk Road. Furthermore, religious and philosophical beliefs from the time period spread easily along the
routes and had a profound impact on later events such as the Renaissance. This influx of new ideas inspired people in Europe
including artists, writers, philosophers, and more. The second main interaction that occurred before the start of the
Renaissance was the crusades. They were a series of religious wars carried out by Christian crusaders from Europe during the
timeframe of the Middle Ages. The crusades were a major event in the Middle Ages and had a profound impact on the world at
the time. For example, one of the first major impacts of the crusades was that it increased interaction between different
societies and groups of people. For instance, the crusades caused the religions of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam to clash. In
this conflict, people of all faiths traveled vast distances to fight over the city of Jerusalem, which each faith considered
important to its religious heritage. This clash of religious ideals caused a sharing of ideas between the different religious groups
and helped the principles of each religious faith to spread into new areas. The next main cause of the Renaissance was the
rediscovery by European thinkers of ancient Greek and Roman ideas and texts. For example, the term ‘renaissance in French
means ‘rebirth’. This is in relation to the idea that the intellectual culture of the Renaissance was sparked by the rediscovery of
these ancient philosophies and ideas which had largely been ignored in Europe throughout the Middle Ages. The next main
cause of the Renaissance in Europe was the different innovations of the time, especially in publishing and art. In terms of
publishing, the printing press was one of the most significant innovations in all of world history. German blacksmith, goldsmith,
and printer Johannes Gutenberg developed the first printing press in the mid-1400s and it quickly had a profound impact on the
events of the Renaissance as well as later events such as the “Enlightenment”.
2. Enumerate the thinkers/artists who had propagated the Renaissance and their contributions/ influence to the
society in the field of Arts, Literature and Humanism.

Durante degli Alighieri, better remembered as Dante, was a major figure who anticipated the Renaissance rather
than being alive during most of it while there is no “official” start to the Renaissance, the life of Petrarch,
described below, lends itself to using 1300 as a convenient date . Experiencing what would later be called a
mid-life crisis, Dante turned to poetry to console himself, ultimately producing the greatest written work of
the late Middle Ages: The Divine Comedy. The Divine Comedy describes Dante’s descent into hell, guided by
the spirit of the classical Roman poet Virgil. Dante and Virgil emerge on the other side of the earth, with Dante
ascending the mountain of purgatory and ultimately entering heaven, where he enters into the divine
presence.

Christine de Pizan was the most famous and important woman thinker and writer of the Renaissance era. Her
father, the court astrologer of the French king Charles V, was exceptional in that he felt it important that his
daughter receive the same quality of education afforded to elite men at the time. She went on to become a
famous poet and writer in her own right, being patronized (i.e. receiving commissions for her writing) by a
wide variety of French and Italian nobles. Her best-known work was The Book of the City of Ladies, in which
she attacked the then-universal idea that women were naturally unintelligent, sinful, and irrational. Instead,
she argued, history provided a vast catalog of women who had been moral, pious, intelligent, and competent,
and that it was men's pride and the refusal of men to allow women to be properly educated that held women
back.

Erasmus was an astonishingly erudite priest who benefited from both the traditional scholastic education of the
late-medieval church and the new humanistic style that emerged from the Renaissance. Of his various talents,
one of the most important was his mastery of philology: the history of languages. Erasmus became completely
fluent not just in classical and medieval Latin, but in the Greek of the New Testament (i.e. most of the earliest
versions of the New Testament of the Bible are written in the vernacular Greek of the first century CE). He also
became conversant in Hebrew, which was very uncommon among Christians at the time.

Benvenuto Cellini was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, draftsman, soldier, musician, and artist who also wrote a
famous autobiography and poetry. He was one of the most important artists of Mannerism. He is remembered
for his skill in making pieces such as the Cellini Salt Cellar and Perseus with the Head of Medusa.
Michelozzo di Bartolomeo was an Italian architect and sculptor. His vast contribution to the early Renaissance
 movement solidified him as one of the most prolific architects of all time. His ingenuity helped pave the way
for the development of the central palazzo configuration that defines the visage of Italy—even to this day.

3. How would you appreciate the roles played by the merchant and bankers during the Renaissance period
specifically, the Medici family?

The roles played by the merchant and bankers during the Renaissance period brings significant factors to the
development of their cities. It gives way to prosper their economy and build various classical architectures and
infrastructures with columns, pilasters, and entablatures in a complexity manner. The Medici family are called the
Godfathers of the Renaissance because they laid the groundwork for cultural prosperity in Florence. Their major
innovations in banking and architecture still persist today. They are one of the most powerful and influential
groups in European history. Moreover, they ruled the city of Florence throughout the Renaissance and they had a
major influence on the growth of the Italian Renaissance through their patronage of the arts and humanism. The
Medici owed much of their wealth and power to the Medici Bank and it made them one of the richest families in all
of Europe. It was the largest bank in Europe at its peak and was very well respected. The bank made notable
improvements in accounting procedures including the development of the double-entry bookkeeping system. Their
power to influence in the Renaissance period brings a lot of contribution today which form a solid foundation to
the innovation in this modern era.
Application: Using the principles of Humanism, Renaissance Arts and Literature theme, create a poster showing a semblance to Renaissance legacy
to the world and explain why?

The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic “renaissance” after the Middle Ages. Generally described as
occurring from the 14th to 17th centuries, the Renaissance fostered the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art. Some of the greatest
thinkers, authors, statesmen, scientists and artists in human history flourished during this time, as the world of exploration opened up new lands and
cultures to European trade. The Renaissance has the merit of bridging the gap between the Middle Ages and current civilization. Humanism has played
an important role in education. Humanist advocates or practitioners of humanism during the Renaissance believed that human beings could be
radically changed through education. Renaissance humanists created schools to teach their ideas and wrote books on education. Renaissance art
sought to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world. It allows us to have an unobstructed, first-hand
account to study the time period. It offers the perspective of artists and many others through a form of visuals that allows us to better interpret and
develop our opinions. This lets us formulate better conclusions about the Renaissance. Renaissance literature was an increased emphasis on humanism
and individuality, as well as an increased willingness of writers to satirize existing institutions such as the church and state and to write secular rather
than religious works and during the Renaissance, drama became secularized. This period cultivated a new change in art, knowledge, and culture. It
changed the way the citizens thought, with first the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art, as well as the new discoveries in travel,
invention, and style. Moreover, the new ideas of free-thinkers, mathematicians, and scientists all became accessible to the masses, and art and science
became, for the first time in human history, truly democratic. The seeds of the modern world were sown and grown in the period of Renaissance.

Assessment: Complete the chart showing the contributions of the Renaissance to different areas of learning:

Areas of Learning Responsible persons Their Respective Contribution Description of work

Politics Niccolò Machiavelli Niccolò Machiavelli stands as one of
the most famous and influential
thinkers of the Western political
tradition. His writings have inspired,
guided, outraged, and perplexed
Niccolò Machiavelli, best known as
the author of Discourses on Livy
were published posthumously with
papal privilege in 1531. The
Discourses on Livy (Italian: Discorsi

Cosimo De Giovanni de' Medici
intellectuals and politicians alike for
more than half a millennium. His
two most important works are
“Discourses on Livy” (1531) and
“The Prince” (1532), both of which
were published after his death.
Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici was
an Italian banker and politician who
established the Medici family as
effective rulers of Florence during
much of the Italian Renaissance. His
power derived from his wealth as a
banker, and he was a patron of arts,
learning, and architecture. One of
his lasting legacies was the “The
Sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio,
literally "Discourses on the First Ten
of Titus Livy") is a work of political
history and philosophy written in
the early 16th century (c. 1517) by
the Italian writer and political
theorist Niccolò
The Prince, a political treatise by
Niccolò Machiavelli, written in
1513. A short treatise on how to
acquire power, create a state, and
keep it, The Prince represents
Machiavelli's effort to provide a
guide for political action based on
the lessons of history and his own
experience as a foreign secretary in
Florence.
The Palazzo Medici also called the
Palazzo Medici Riccardi after the
later family that acquired and
expanded and it is a Renaissance
palace located in Florence, Italy. It
is the seat of the Metropolitan City
of Florence and a museum.
The Uffizi is an art museum in
 Palazzo Medici” and “The Uffizi”.
Philosophy of Humanism Francesco Petrarca Francesco Petrarca was a devoted
classical scholar who is considered
the "Father of Humanism," a
philosophy that helped spark the
Renaissance. Petrarch's writing
includes well-known odes to Laura,
his idealized love. His writing was
also used to shape the modern
Italian language. Petrarch is most
famous for his “The Canzoniere”
and “The Petrarchan Sonnet”.
Florence that has the world's finest
collection of Italian Renaissance
painting, particularly of the
Florentine school. It also has
antiques, sculptures, and more than
100,000 drawings and prints.
The Canzoniere—a collection of
sonnets, songs, sestine, ballads, and
madrigals on which he worked
indefatigably from 1330 until his
death—gave these ideals poetic
expression. Her inquiring mind and
love of Classical authors led him to
travel, visiting men of learning and
searching monastic libraries for
Classical manuscripts. He was
regarded as the greatest scholar of
his age.
The Petrarchan sonnet, perfected
by the Italian poet Petrarch, divides
the 14 lines into two sections: an
eight-line stanza (octave) rhyming
ABBAABBA, and a six-line stanza
(sestet) rhyming CDCDCD or
CDECDE. The octave's rhyme

Giovanni Boccaccio Giovanni Boccaccio was an Italian
writer, poet, correspondent of
Petrarch, and an important
Renaissance humanist. He is one of
the most important figures in the
European literary panorama of the
fourteenth century. His best
remembered as the author of “The
Earthy Tales in the Decameron”
and the “Teseida”.
scheme is preserved, but the sestet
rhymes CDDCEE.
The Earthly Tales in the Decameron
was written by Giovanni Boccaccio,
an Italian writer who lived from
1313-1375. It is the story of seven
young women and three men who
flee the city to go to the
countryside to escape the deadly
effects of the Black Plague, which
was tearing through Italy at that
time.
Teseida is a long epic poem written
by Giovanni Boccaccio and running
to almost 10,000 lines divided into
twelve books, its notional subject is
the career and rule of the ancient
Greek hero Theseus (Teseo),
although the majority of the epic
tells the story of the rivalry of
Palemone and Arcita for the love of
Emilia. It is the main source of "The
Knight's Tale" in Geoffrey Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales and therefore is
the original source of The Two
Noble Kinsmen, a collaboration by

Arts Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci was the supreme
Renaissance painter, scientist,
inventor, and polymath. He is
widely regarded as one of the
greatest minds the world has ever
produced. He was interested in
everything from music to art and
science. He was an immense
creative force at the start of the
Renaissance period. Amongst his
many works was the immortal
painting – The “Mona Lisa” and the
mural painting of “Last Supper”.
William Shakespeare and John
Fletcher. The exact sources of
Boccaccio's knowledge about the
ancient Greek world are unknown
but are likely that he gained the
knowledge through his close
friendship with Paolo de Perugia, a
medieval collector of ancient myths
and tales.
Mona Lisa, or La Gioconda (La
Joconde), is a 16th-century oil
painting on poplar wood by
Leonardo da Vinci, and is arguably
the most famous painting in the
world. The painting, a half-length
portrait, depicts a woman whose
gaze meets the viewers with an
expression often described as
enigmatic.
In painting the Last Supper,
Leonardo created the effect that
the room in which Christ and the
apostles are seen was an extension
of the refectory. It is the final meal
that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus
shared with his apostles in

Michelangelo Michelangelo is a renaissance
sculptor, painter, and architect. His
artistic endeavors embodied the
spirit of the Renaissance. His
greatest works include “The Statue
of David” and his painting on the
ceiling of “The Sistine Chapel”.
Jerusalem before his crucifixion.
During the meal, Jesus predicts his
betrayal by one of the apostles
present and foretells that before
the next morning, Peter will thrice
deny knowing him.
The Statue of David portrays David,
a biblical figure. Therefore, they
viewed David as a perfect symbol of
Florence, as he captured the
unwavering courage, unexpected
strength, and historic perseverance
that they saw in themselves. The
statue was commissioned for one of
the buttresses of the cathedral of
Florence and was carved from a
block of marble that had been
partially blocked out by other
sculptors and left outdoors.
The Sistine Chapel is a rectangular
brick building with six arched
windows on each of the two main
(or side) walls and a barrel-vaulted
ceiling. The chapel's exterior is drab
and unadorned, but its interior
walls and ceiling are decorated with

Literature William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is an English
poet, dramatist, and actor often
called the English national poet and
considered by many to be the
greatest dramatist of all time.
Famous works include “Macbeth”
and “Romeo and “Juliet”.
frescoes by many Florentine
Renaissance masters.
Macbeth, tragedy in five acts by
William Shakespeare and published
in the First Folio from a playbook or
a transcript of one. Some portions
of the original text are corrupted or
missing from the published edition.
The play is the shortest of
Shakespeare’s tragedies, without
diversions or subplots. It chronicles
Macbeth’s seizing of power and
subsequent destruction, both his
rise and his fall the result of blind
ambition.
Romeo and Juliet, is a tragedy
written by William Shakespeare
early in his career about two young
Italian star-crossed lovers whose
deaths ultimately reconcile their
feuding families. It was among
Shakespeare's most popular plays
during his lifetime and, along with
Hamlet, is one of his most
frequently performed plays. Today,
the title characters are regarded as

Edmund Spenser Edmund Spenser was an English
poet of the early Renaissance who,
along with his close contemporary
William Shakespeare, brought
about what would be a revolution
in English literature. He likes
Shakespeare, represents a bridge
between the medieval and early
modern periods in English literary
history whose long allegorical poem
“The Faerie Queene” is one of the
greatest in the English language.
Another one is the “Prothalamion”
archetypal young lovers.
The Faerie Queene (1590) is an epic
poem by Edmund Spenser (c. 1552–
1599), which follows the
adventures of a number of
medieval knights. The poem,
written in a deliberately archaic
style, draws on history and myth,
particularly the legends of Arthur.
Prothalamion, the commonly used
name of Prothalamion; or, A
Spousall Verse in Honour of the
Double Marriage of Ladie Elizabeth
and Ladie Katherine Somerset, is a
poem by Edmund Spenser (1552–
1599), one of the important poets
of the Tudor period in England.
The poem thus meditates on the
relationship between marriage,
nature, and politics; it celebrates
the beauty of the brides, the
perfection of their marriages, and
the natural world as a respite from
the political complications of life at
court.