Introduction

Transportation is one of the important things in any country wants to keep

everything alive and develop the society. Transportation contributes to the
development of economic, social, political and cultural fields of a civilization and
leads to the betterment of their conditions. Even though, almost all the industries
are turning their business to be online; however, they still need a lot of physical
transportation.
The less dealing with people the more efficient in transportation; this led us (civil
& industrial engineers) to think of a new way to help people in the movement of
their cars or vehicles for a long distances without interacting with people; this
idea was the bridge. This was the beginning of the creation of the bridge’s idea
and now let’s talk about the mechanism of it, the trusses and its types.
The criteria for the categorization of bridges:
I. Types of construction material – steel, concrete, timber, prestressing, etc.
II. Structural form – truss, beams, suspension, cantilever, etc.
III. According to the purpose of use – Road Bridge, Highway Bridge, Railway
Bridge, pedestrian, etc.
IV. According to spans of bridges – Culvert Bridge, major span bride, long-span
Bridge, etc.

Our topic is the truss; so let’s talk about the truss bridge:
A truss is a structure that transfers the loads as axial forces. It does not subject to
bending and shear actions.

Depending arrangement of the trusses there is different classifications.

What are the main components of the truss bridge?

The following figure indicates the basic components of

the truss bridge. There are other components such as
deck bracings to increase the lateral stiffness of the
bridge.
Now, let’s see a brief discussion about some types of truss bridges.

Hower Truss Bridge:

Hower truss could be constructed from timber iron
or steel. It consists of vertical and diagonal
members.

This is one of the old types of bridges that were

widely used in the 1800s, and it is easy to design.
Even with a simple calculation, the design can be
done.

Further, it is one of the economical types of bridges as it is easy to construct and

its construction is not that complicated.

Pony Truss Bridge:

Traffic is allowed to move through the truss and there are no bracings connected
trusses on either side of the road.

This is not widely used in bridge construction due

to the limitations in the spans. When the span of
the bride increases, we need the lateral
restraints for the truss. If no restrains, the bridge
could be failing.

These types of bridges can be replaced with plate girder bridges and the span of
the bride can be increased by modifying the lateral stiffness of the plate girders.

There are limitations in the span of these types of bridges.

Baily Truss Bridge:

It is a temporary bridge stated constructed in the
Second World War era.

It is a portable-prefabricated-truss bridge. It can be

removed from one location to another.
Even now during war, these types of bridges are constructed to cross the reviews,
valises, embankments.

When we construct new bridges, bailey bridges are constructed for the bypass
route. Easy construction and the possibility to disassemble when required are the
most important facts about these types of bridges.

Lattice Truss Bridge:

A lattice bridge is a truss bridge that is constructed by
placing diagonal members closely.

Further, these bridges are constructed from timber or

steel. Diagonally placed members carry the loads
between the top and bottom chords.

These bridges can be observed in footbridges, railway bridges, etc.