NAMA : Nurhalisah

KELAS : A2/2018

NIM : NH0118058

“EXPLAIN ACTIONS PERFORMED TO HANDLE AN INJURY IN THE ENGLISH

LANGUAGE (BURNS)”

Burns are a condition that occurs as a result of moderate to high heat exposure to the skin
of the body. Burns can occur from a variety of sources, including sunlight, chemicals, electricity,
or fire.

The degree of burns is determined by how deep the layer of skin is affected, the surface
area of the body that has been burned, and its location. This staging can help doctors determine
the appropriate treatment and care for burns.

The three characteristics of the degree of burns are as follows :

1. First degree, the wound affects only the outermost layer of skin (epidermis). The color
may turn red and a little sore but does not cause blisters.
2. Second degree, is divided into two types, namely superficial partial thickness and deep
partial thickness. Superficial thickness damages the epidermis layer and a little bit of the
dermis layer, whereas deep partial thickness damages the epidermis layer and deeper
dermis layer. Sometimes the sores form blisters and can leave scars of permanent skin
discoloration.
3. Third degree, the burn has hit the subcutaneous tissue of the skin which is the site of fat
and sweat glands, and can even reach the bones, muscles, or organs of the body.

Treatment of burns must be adjusted to the degree of burns on the skin. Here are each method
that can be done.

1. First degree wound

For first degree burns, both first aid and treatment can be done alone. The steps include
the following.
 Hold the area of the body where the skin is burned, give it a cool stream of water
or soak it in cool water until the pain subsides. Don't use ice.
 Use a compress if running water is not available.
 Cover the burn with a sterile bandage or clean cloth.
 Rub the wound with petroleum jelly or aloe vera gel for a soothing effect. Do not
apply oil, lotion, or cream (especially if it has a scent) on the burn area.
 Call the doctor if you have done first aid but the burn does not improve.
2. Second degree wound
Just like first degree burns, second degree wounds can still be treated at home. Following
are the first treatments for second degree burns that you should do.

 Soak in cool water for 10-15 minutes. You can use a compress if running water is
not available. Do not use ice as this will lower your body temperature and cause
further pain and skin damage.
 Do not break the blister, as this can lead to infection.
 Cover the burn with a sterile bandage, try to keep the bandage from being too
tight, aka it must be loose. This can prevent the skin from sticking with the
bandage. Afterward, secure the bandage with gauze or tape.

Sometimes, shock or a drastic drop in blood pressure can also occur when injured. To
prevent this, do the following things.

 Lie down on the victim's body.

 Raise or position your feet higher, about 30 cm from the head.
 If the wound is in your hand, place your hands above chest level.
 Cover the victim with a coat or blanket.
 Immediately call the doctor and rush to the hospital for first aid further burns.

3. Third degree wound

Third degree wounds are the most severe burns and are prone to infection. If this occurs,
you should seek medical attention immediately. However, there are several steps that can
be taken to help victims, namely as follows.
 Bandage the burned area loosely, do not immerse the burn in water and do not
apply ointments or other liquids that can cause infection.
 Separate the burned toe or hand with a clean, dry bandage or cloth.
 Do not immerse the burn in water, do not apply ointments, or other liquids that
can cause infection.
 Lay the burn victim.
 Keep your feet 30 cm higher than your head or the burn area higher than your
chest.
 Cover the victim with a blanket.
 For burns to the nose or respiratory tract, do not place a pillow under the person's
head while lying down. This can close the airway.
 If the burn is on the face, ask the victim to sit down.
 Periodically check the victim's pulse and breathing until the ambulance arrives.