Z]AG^ O

IOBOZM ^ZGZM G]ZCLGZG PGJG LM^OB PMLH]GZ ECPO

CZCLGZO^

BGLG EMKCLPCE 6 JMAG PGBJMAGBO (7?109:=79871)

EGZG PMBAGBZGX 

Pufo jgb ^yueur eotg pgbfgtegb emdgjorgt Zudgb _gba Lgdg Msg, egrmbg gtgs hmregt
jgb dojgygdB_G eglo jgpgt lmbymkmsgoegb tuags obo jmbagb hgoe. Zuags obo joemrfgegb ubtue
lmlmbudo sgkgd sgtu tuags lgtg eukogd Zmcro Hgdgsg jgb Gutclgtg.

Jojgkgl tuags obo tmrjgpgt hgbyge emeurgbagb, ubtue otu Eglo obaob lmbaungpegb pmrlcdcbgb
lggi ygba smhmsgr-hmsgrbyg. Erotoe jgb sgrgb gegb eglo tmrolg smhgago lgsuegb ygba hgoe
ubtue emjmpgbbyg. Zojge kupg eglo sglpgoegb tmrolg egsod ygba smhmsgr-hmsgrbyg empgjg smlug podge
ygba tmkgd lmlhgbtu tmrsmkmsgoegbbyg tuags obo, lujgd-lujgdgb smlug hgbtugbbyg
johmroegb gkgsgb ygba tmrhgoe ckmd Zudgb _gba Lgdg Msg.

]btue otu, smegko kgao eglo ungpegb lggi ygba smhmsgr-hmsgrbyg, lujgd-lujgdgb tuags obo
 hmrlgbiggt hgao eotg smlug. Zmrolg egsod.
 JGIZGX O^O

EGZG PMBAGBZGX.........................................................................................o

JGIZGX O^O ............................................................................................................................ oo

JGIZGX O^O AGLHGX ......................................................................................................ooo

HGH O.............................................................................................................................. 7

PMBJGD]K]GB .................................................................................................................... 7

7.7 Kgtgr Hmkgegba...........................................................................................7

7.8 Zufugb Pmbmkotogb .......................................................................................................8

7. >...............................................................................Lgbiggt Pmbmkotogb 8

HGH OO................................................................................................................................................>

PMBMXGPGB ECB^MP ZHG............................................................................>

8.7 Lmtcjm ........................................................................................................................ >

8.8 ^pmsoioegso Icrlgk .....................................................................................................>

8. >.........................................................................................................Olpkmlmbtgso =

8.: Pmlhgdgsgb ................................................................................................................ 1

8.= Emsolpukgb ................................................................................................................. 4

JGIZGX P]^ZGEG .............................................................................................................. ?

 JGIZGX O^O AGLHGX 

Aglhgr OO-7. Jogargl trgbsoso lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos..........................:

Aglhgr OO-8. Ikcwndgrt gpkoegso lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo jmbagb ecbsmp I^G ....9

Aglhgr OO->. Obtmrignm lmbu utglg gpkoegso .........................................................................1

HGH O
PMBJGD]K]G
B

O.7 Kgtgr Hmkgegba

Pmruhgdgbgb pckg poeor lgbusog ubtue hmrioeor kmhod lgfu ubtue lmbnoptgegb
smrtg lmbamlhgbaegb hmrhgago tmebckcao hgru, jolgbg tmebckcao tmrsmhut jonoptgegb ubtue
lmlujgdegb emaogtgb lgbusog. Lmsob ctclgtos lmrupgegb sgkgd sgtu tmebckcao ygba smbagfg
jonoptgegb ubtue lmbauhgd sugtu emaogtgb ygba hmrsoigt lgbugk lmbufu ctclgtos jmbagb tufugb
lmlpmrnmpgt prcsms emaogtgb tmrsmhut. ^gkgd sgtu lmsob ctclgtos ygba lukgo hmremlhgba sggt obo
gjgkgd lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos.

Lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos lubnuk smhgago sugtu tmrchcsgb hgru
ubtue lmlujgdegb smrtg lmlpmrnmpgt prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo jgb vgrogsobyg. Jmbagb
hgbygebyg vgrogso gtgupub pokodgb fmbos lobulgb ecpo ygba johmroegb, tmbtubyg lmsob
pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos obo dgrus jgpgt lmkgeuegb prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ygba smsugo
hmrjgsgregb pokodgb ygba
johmroegb. ]btue lmbagtgso pmrlgsgkgdgb jgkgl prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo smngrg ctclgtos,
 pmbmrgpgb ecbsmp Iobotm ^tgtm Gutclgtg (I^G) pgjg sugtu lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo
ctclgtos
lmrupgegb pokodgb ygba tmpgt ubtue lmlcjmkegb prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo smngrg ctclgtos.
U NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k 70=1 \

Iobotm ^tgtm Gutclgtg (I^G) lmrupgegb tcck ygba sgbagt hmraubg ubtue lmbambgk
jgb lmbgbaegp pckg jgkgl jgtg. Iobotm ^tgtm Gutclgtg (I^G) gjgkgd lcjmk lgtmlgtoeg
ygba jgpgt lmbmrolg obput jgb lmbamkugregb cutput ygba lmlokoeo stgtm ygba hmrdobaag
hgbygebyg jgb jgpgt
 hmrpobjgd jgro sgtu stgtm em stgtm kgobbyg hmrjgsgregb obput jgb iubaso trgbsoso.U NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k
70=1 \

Pgjg pmbmkotogb obo gegb jolcjmkegb sugtu pmbmrgpgb ecbsmp Iobotm ^tgtm Gutclgtg (I^G) pgjg
sugtu lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos. Pmbmrgpgb ecbsmp I^G joaubgegb ubtue lmbambgk jgb
lmbgbaegp pckg jgkgl prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo pgjg lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos.
 Gpkoegso solukgso lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos obo johgbaub jmbagb lmbaaubgegb
tccks Lonrcscit Yosugk ^tujoc 8004. Pgjg gpkoegso gegb joaubgegb 4 hgdgb jgsgr pmlhugt lobulgb
ygotu 6 amkgs jmbagb toag fmbos ueurgb ygotu slgkk, lmjoul jgb kgram, gor, aukg, huhue ecpo, huhue susu,
jgb huhue ncekgt. ^mkgbfutbyg, jgro hgdgb tmrsmhut lmsob jgpgt lmlhugt 1 fmbos prcjue lobulgb ygotu
6 ecpo, susu, ncekgt, ecpo susu, ecpo ncekgt, ecpo susu ncekgt jgb susu ncekgt. Gpkoegso obo
fuag jorgbngba dgbyg smhgago lmsob ygba jgpgt lmkgeuegb prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo
smngrg
ctclgtos jgb tojge lmkgeuegb prcsms trgbsgeso pmbfugkgb, smdobaag tojge lmlhutudegb obput hmrupg
ugba ecob lgupub ugba emrtgs.

O.8 Zufugb Pmbmkotogb

Zufugb jgro pmbmkotogb obo gjgkgd lmbmrgpegb ecbsmp Iobotm ^tgtm Gutclgtg (I^G) pgjg gpkoegso
solukgso lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos jgb lmbadgsokegb sugtu gpkoegso solukgso lmsob ygba
jgpgt lmkgeuegb prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo jgb vgrogsobyg smngrg ctclgtos. ^mkgob otu, pgjg
 pmbmkotogb obo gegb jo ambmrgtm sugtu argllgr ubtue lmbadgsokegb em tufud fmbos lobulgb smpmrto ygba
tmkgd jojoseusoegb smhmkulbyg. U NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k 70=1 \

O.> Lgbiggt Pmbmkotogb

Lgbiggt ygba jgpgt jopmrckmd jgro pmbmkotogb obo gjgkgd lmlgdglo tmbtgba pmbmrgpgb ecbsmp
I^G pgjg lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos. Pmbmrgpgb ecbsmp I^G jgpgt lmbfgjo sgkgd sgtu
gktmrbgtoi ubtue lmrgbngba sugtu lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos smrtg lmbfgjo
hgdgb
 pmrtolhgbagb jgb gnugb ygba pcsotoi jgkgl pmbamlhgbagb gpkoegso smkgbfutbyg ygba
smfmbos. U NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k 70=1 \
 HGH OO
PMBMXGPGB ECB^MP ZHG

OO.7 Lmtcjm
Lmtcjm ygba joaubgegb jgkgl pmkgesgbggb pmbmkotogb obo gjgkgd icrlgk lmtdcjs.
Icrlgk lmtdcjs gtgu lmtcjm icrlgk, jgkgl oklu eclputmr jgb rmegygsg pmrgbaegt kubge,
gjgkgd sugtu
 pmlcjmkgb lgtmlgtoeg, ygba jgpgt joaubgegb ubtue lmbfmlhgtgbo (spmsoioegso icrlgk)
pmlhugtgb,
 pmbamlhgbagb jgb vmroioegso pmrgbaegt emrgs jgb porgbto kubge, ygba jgpgt joaubgegb
jgro
 pmrgbngbagb gwgk sglpgo pmbaufogb dgsok. U NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k 70=1 \

OO.8 ^pmsoioegso Icrlgk

^pmsoioegso icrlgk gtgu icrlgk spmnoiongtocb gjgkgd spmsoioegso ygba jobygtgegb jgkgl hmbtue 
 hgdgsg ygba jojmiobosoegb smngrg icrlgk ubtue lmbaaglhgregb gpg ygba dgrus jokgeuegb
pmrgbaegt kubge. Pgjg pmbmkotogb obo tmeboe spmsoioegso icrlgk ygba gegb joaubgegb gjgkgd
hmrcrombtgso lcjmk ygotu jmbagb lmlhugt sugtu lcjmk pmrokgeu sostml lmbaaubgegb chyme
lgtmlgtoeg smpmrto smt jgb urutgb, ygotu jogbtgrgbyg stgtm ndgrts jgb gutclgtg lcjmk tmcrotos.U
NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k 70=1 \ U NOZGZOCB Kob07 [k 70=1 \U NOZGZOCB Xgd?4 [k 70=1 \U
NOZGZOCB Hut7= [k 70=1 \

Hmrjgsgregb jogargl trgbsoso ygba tmkgd johmbtue lgeg jgpgt joecbstruesoegb gturgb prcjueso jgro
I^G gpkoegso solukgso lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos ygotu 6

Losgk ^0 < ^, ^7<G, ^8<H, ^><N, ^:<J, ^=<M, ^9<I, ^1<A, ^4<D, ^?<O, ^70<F, ^77<E, ^78<K,

^7><L, ^7:< B, ^7=<C, ^79<Iobgk ^tgtm.

Lgeg 6

A < {YZ, YB, ^, P}

YZ < {g, h, n, j, m, i, a, d, o, f, e, k, l, b, c, p, q, r, s, t, 0 }

YB< {^, G, H, N, J, M, I, A, D, O, F, E, K, L, B,C}

^<^

P < {^↘ gG | hH | nN | jJ | mM | iI | aA | 0, G ↘ dD | oO | fF | ^, H ↘ dD | oO | fF | ^, N ↘ dD | oO |

fF | ^, J ↘ dD | oO | fF | ^, M ↘ dD | oO | fF | ^, I ↘ dD | oO | fF | ^, A ↘ dD | oO | fF | ^, D ↘ eE | ^, O ↘
eE | ^,
F ↘ eE | ^, qE | kK | lL | bB | ^, K ↘ rK | lL | bB| cC | ^, L ↘ sL | bB |cC | ^, B ↘ tB | cC |
E↘  
^ , C ↘ p | ^
}

Jogargl trgbsoso tmrsmhut lmbaaglhgregb spmsoioegso prcsms ygba tmrjgpgt pgjg lmsob pmlhugt
lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos ygba lmbmrgpegb ecbsmp I^G. Lmsob gegb lmbaoeuto pckg gkur jgro prcsms

 pmlhugtgb lobulgb smsugo jmbagb pokodgb fmbos lobulgb. ^mdobaag, jolubaeobegb tojge
tmrfgjo emsgkgdgb jgkgl prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ygba smsugo jmbagb fmbos pokodgb
lobulgbbyg. I^G
joaubgegb ubtue lmlhgng solhck lgsuegb ygba johmroegb jgro stgrt stgtm sglpgo iobgk stgtm smdobaag
jopmrckmd sugtu hgdgsg ygba joembgko ckmd lmsob. ^mkgbfutbyg jokgeuegb prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb
smsugo jmbagb hgdgsg ygba johgng.U NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k 70=1 \U NOZGZOCB Kob07 [k 70=1 \

Aglhgr OO-7. Jogargl trgbsoso lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos

^ulhmr 6 dttp6//furbgk.ilopg.ubokg.gn.oj/objmx.pdp/eclputgso/grtonkm/jcwbkcgj/:7=/>=1
OO.> Olpkmlmbtgso
^mtmkgd lmkgeuegb spmsoioegso lgeg tgdgp smkgbfutbyg gjgkgd olpkmlmbtgso. Pgjg
gpkoegso solukgso lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos jotmrgpegb ecbsmp I^G ubtue
pmlcjmkgb prcsms
 pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo smngrg ctclgtos. ^pmsoioegso icrlgk ygba tmkgd jotmbtuegb
smhmkulbyg emlujogb joolpkmlmbtgsoegb emjgkgl sugtu ecjm prcargl ygba lmbmrgpegb ecbsmp
I^G jojgkgl ecjm prcargl tmrsmhut. ^mngrg ulul prcsms tmrsmhut tmraglhgr pgjg pctcbagb hgagb
gkur (Ikcwndgrt)
 hmroeut obo6
Aglhgr OO-8. Ikcwndgrt gpkoegso lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo jmbagb ecbsmp I^G

^ulhmr 6 dttp6//furbgk.ilopg.ubokg.gn.oj/objmx.pdp/eclputgso/grtonkm/jcwbkcgj/:7=/>=1
OO.: Pmlhgdgsgb
Gpkoegso ^olukgso Lmsob Pmlhugt Lobulgb Ecpo Ctclgtos lmrupgegb gpkoegso solukgso sugtu
lmsob ygba jgpgt lmkgeuegb prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo jgb vgrogsobyg smngrg ctclgtos jolgbg
jgkgl pmbymkmsgogb prcsmsbyg joaubgegb ecbsmp Iobotm ^tgtm Gutclgtg (I^G). Ecbsmp I^G joaubgegb
ubtue lmbgbaegp jgb lmbambgk pckg jgkgl prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo pgjg lmsob pmlhugt
lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos, jmbagb lmlhgng obput ygba johmroegb jgb lgsue em jgkgl
prcsms
 pmbamnmeegb obputgb tmrsmhut sglpgo jmbagb stgtm gedor emlujogb gegb lmkgeuegb prcsms
smsugo jmbagb fgkur obput tmrsmhut (Aglhgr OO-7). Aglhgr > lmrupgegb tglpokgb utglg jgro Gpkoegso
^olukgso Lmsob Pmlhugt Lobulgb Ecpo Ctclgtos.U NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k 70=1 \U NOZGZOCB Kob07
[k 70=1 \ U NOZGZOCB Xgd?4 [k 70=1 \

Aglhgr OO->. Obtmrignm lmbu utglg gpkoegso

^ulhmr 6 dttp6//furbgk.ilopg.ubokg.gn.oj/objmx.pdp/eclputgso/grtonkm/jcwbkcgj/:7=/>=1

Lmtcjm pmbaufogb ygba joaubgegb gjgkgd lcjmk ndmneoba. Jgkgl lcjmk ndmneoba obaob joufo
gpgegd jmsgob obo lmlgba smpmrto ygba ygba jodgrgpegb. Zmeboe pmbaufogb ygba joaubgegb gjgkgd
jmbagb lmlhugt jgitgr jgro emlubaeobgb emsgkgdgb ygba tmrfgjo pgjg gpkoegso jgb smkgbfutbyg
lmbaoeuto gkur pmbaufogb smsugo jmbagb jgitgr.
OO.= Emsolpukgb
Hmrjgsgregb dgsok pmbmkotogb jgb gbgkosos jgro pmbmrgpgb Iobotm ^tgtm Gutclgtg (I^G) pgjg
lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos, lgeg jgpgt josolpukegb hgdwg6 Iobotm ^tgtm Gutclgtg (I^G)
jgpgt lmbfgjo sgkgd sgtu gktmrbgtoi ubtue lmrgbngba sugtu lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos ygba
ikmxohkm jgkgl dgk lmbambgk jgb lmbgbaegp pckg jgkgl prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb ecpo
jgb vgrogsobyg. Ecbsmp I^G pgjg lmsob pmlhugt lobulgb ecpo ctclgtos jotmrgpegb jmbagb ngrg
I^G lmlhgng smtogp solhck lgsuegb ygba johmroegb lmbfgjo sugtu hgdgsg ygba joembgko ckmd I^G.
Lmsob smkgbfutbyg gegb lmkgeuegb prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb smsugo jmbagb hgdgsg ygba tmkgd
johgng ckmd I^G. Gjgpub sgrgb ygba jgpgt johmroegb ubtue pmbamlhgbagb pmbmkotogb obo kmhod kgbfut
ygotu jmbagb lmlhmroegb iotur prcsms trgbsgeso pmbfugkgb smngrg ctclgtos, smdobaag lmsob
tojge dgbyg jgpgt lmkgeuegb prcsms pmlhugtgb lobulgb tmtgpo fuag jgpgt lmkgeuegb prcsms
trgbsgeso pmbfugkgb smngrg ctclgtos.U NOZGZOCB Lmk78 [k 70=1 \U NOZGZOCB Kob07 [k 70=1 \U
NOZGZOCB Xgd?4 [k 70=1 \
 JGIZGX P]^ZGEG

U7\ X. O. Lmkky, Q. jgb J. Eurbogwgb, ‛Furbgk Ilopg ]bokg,“ 8078. UCbkobm\.

Gvgokghkm6 dttp6//furbgk.ilopg.ubokg.gn.oj/objmx.pdp/eclputgso/grtonkm/jcwbkcgj/:7=/>=1.
UJogesms = Jmsmlhmr 807=\.

U8\ P. Kobz, Gb Obtrcjuntocb tc Icrlgk Kgbaugam gbj Gutclgtg, Fcdb gbj Hgrtkmtt, 8007.

U>\ H. Xgdgrjfc, Pmbaaubggb Icrlgk Lmtdcjs jgkgl Jmsgob Pmrgbaegt Emrgs, Pusgt Pmbmkotogb Gbtgr 
]bovmrsotgs hojgba Loercmkmetrcboeg (PPG] LM) Obstotut Zmebckcao Hgbjuba, 7??4.

U:\ X. Hutkmr, ‛Qdgt os Icrlgk Lmtdcjs3,“ UCbkobm\. Gvgokghkm6

dttp6//sdmlmsd.kgrn.bgsg.acv/il/il- wdgt.dtlk. UJogesms = Jmsmlhmr 807=\.