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CURSO HIDRÁULICA APLICADA

Parte 6.2 : Válvulas de caudal


Autor : Ing. Diego Bernhardt

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
1 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas direccionales sin control de Q

Una válvula para varios cilindros………

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
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CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

El caudal depende de :
1) apertura del orificio de control
2) delta P
3) viscocidad del aceite ( temperatura ) peso

Variaciones del peso de la carga,


ocasionan variaciones de la velocidad

p = 100 bar

p = 50 bar

p = 0 bar

100 bar = 25 l/min


200 bar 150 bar = 17, 7 l/min
200 bar = 0 l/min

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
3 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
4 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

Válvulas estranguladoras

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
5 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

El caudal depende de :
1) apertura del orificio
2) delta P
3) viscocidad del aceite

Válvulas estranguladoras

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
6 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

Válvulas doble estranguladoras con antiretorno

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
7 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

Válvulas estranguladoras

Tipo de estrangula- DRV MK FS infl.


Q<
Estrangulación ción Visc.

Aguja - ++

Ranura
longuitudinal
X - ++

Ranura
circular
X ++ +

Ranura
circunferencial
X + +

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
8 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
9 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

Válvulas reguladoras

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
10 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

El caudal depende de : Válvulas reguladoras


1) apertura del orificio
2) delta P = P3 – P1 = mínimo aprox. 16 bar
3) poca influencia de la viscocidad del aceite

deltaP = P2 – P1 = 16 bar

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
11 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

Balanza de presión antes de la Balanza de presión despúes de la


estrangulación : con gran deltaP estrangulación : el aceite calentado no
hay calentamiento del aceite antes circula directamente por la estrangulación.
de la estragulación, no es ideal ! Variación de la presión de trabajo P3 de
Variaciones de la presión de salida entrada es detecada rapidamente.
P4 son reguladas rápidamente.

P4 P3

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
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CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

2 FRM 10 & 16 2 FRM 6

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
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CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

P1 Válvulas reguladoras

P2

P3

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
14 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

Válvulas reguladoras

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
15 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
16 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
17 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

Caudal Q

Estrangulación a la salida del lado


anular => multiplicación de la
presión ! Muy peligroso…….

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
18 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de caudal

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
19 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de Q – circuito regenerativo
Definiciones :

• Area embolo : Ae
• Area anular : Aa
• Relacion de areas : ρ = Ae / Aa = 2
• Caudal bba. : Qb
• Caudal lado embolo : Qe
• Caudal lado anular : Qa
• Velocidad extención : Vex
• Velocidad retracción : Vre

1) Extender vastago : ρ=2

Qa = Qe / ρ
Qe = Qb + Qa = Qb + Qe / ρ
Qe = Qb / ( 1 – 1 / ρ ) = Qb x 2
Vex = Qb x 2 / Ae

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
20 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de Q – circuito regenerativo
2) Descompresión :

Al final del recorrido de la extensión,


se debe descomprimir al lado anular,
para asi obtener la fuerza requerida.

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
21 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.
CURSO HID. APLICADA : válvulas de Q – circuito regenerativo
3) Retraer vastago : ρ=2

Qe = Qa x ρ
Qa = Qb
Qe = Qb x ρ
Vre = Qb x 2 / Ae

Entonces con ρ = 2 ( ideal ! );

Vex = Vre

Con otras relaciones de area :

• 1 < ρ < 2 : aumenta la velocidad, pero


baja la fuerza disponible.

• ρ > 2 : disminuye el efecto regenerativo.

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
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CURSO HID. APLICADA :

Preguntas ?

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
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CURSO HID. APLICADA : Bibliografía y referencias consultadas.

• Catálogo de válvulas Bosch Rexroth


• Oelhydraulik, de Dietmar Findeisen, VDI - Springer
• Bosch Rexroth Trainer 1
• Using Industrial Hydraulics, T.C. Frankenfield

02/06/2013 | D. Bernhardt / Service | © Bosch Rexroth AG 2010. All rights reserved, also regarding any disposal, exploitation, reproduction, editing, distribution, as
24 well as in the event of applications for industrial property rights.

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