Compressive stress: 

Stress that squeezes a material together.

Elastic deformation: Occurs when a material is strained (deformed), but returns to its original shape, like a
rubber band.
Fatigue strength: The maximum amount of stress a material can take one million times without breaking.
Plastic deformation: Occurs when a material is strained (deformed) beyond its yield strength and does not
return to its original shape, like silly putty.
Strain: The percent amount of elongation or compression of a material.
Stress: The amount of force applied over the area of an object (computed by dividing force by area).
Tensile stress: Stress that pulls a material apart.
Ultimate tensile strength: The maximum amount of tensile stress a material can take before breaking.
Yield strength: The maximum amount of stress a material can take before it deforms plastically
(permanently).

 True or False: Engineering stress is only the force that is pushing down on something. (Answer:
False. Engineering stress is a force on an object in any direction. It is also any pulling force as
well as any pushing force.)

 True or False: A rope can feel stress. (Answer: True. A rope can feel stress when it is pulled. This
is called tensile stress.)

 True or False: Engineers think about the stress of a plastic when designing new toys. (Answer:
True. Engineers try to design toys that will not break easily.)
 True or False: The chair you are sitting on has very little strength. (Answer: False. If the chair legs
had little strength, the chair would break and you would fall.)

 A metal wire has a 2.5 mm diameter and is 2000 mm long. A force of 12 N is applied to it, causing
it to stretch 0.3 mm. Assuming the material is elastic, determine the stress and strain in the wire.
(Hint: the cross-sectional area is 4.909 mm2) [Answer: σ = F/A =12 N / 4.909 mm2 = 2.44 N/mm2. ε
= (L-L0)/L0 = 0.3 mm / 2000 mm = 0.00015]
 Given a strain of 0.0025 and an original length of 1000 mm, find the new length of the wire.
(Answer: L= ε* L0 + L0 = 0.0025*1000 mm + 1000 mm = 1002.5 mm)