ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

5) SUPPLIMENTARY INFORMATION

SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORTS

Soil investigation report, Lot-2 Page - 1

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

1. JIMMA-II SUBSTATION ........................................................................................................... 2

2. AGARO SUBSTATION............................................................................................................. 6

3. ALABA SUBSTATION ............................................................................................................. 9

4. WOLISSO SUBSTATION....................................................................................................... 14

5. GAMBELLA-II SUBSTATION ............................................................................................... 18

6. GAMBELLA EXISTING SUBSTATION ............................................................................... 24

7. WOLKITIE SUBSTATION...................................................................................................... 27

8. METU SUBSTTION ................................................................................................................. 30

9. BEDELE SUBSTATION ......................................................................................................... 35

10. GILGEL GIBE-II SUBSTATION ........................................................................................ 40

11. HOSAINA SUBSTATION ................................................................................................... 49

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

1. JIMMA-II SUBSTATION
Local Area Description
The project site is flat land covered with brownish fine-grained sandy silt clay particles with the
maximum thicknesses of 0.40 m, which is very dry and dense. The underlying layer is fine-
grained reddish sandy silty clay that is easily excavated by crow bar.
No ground water appears at all test pits.

Table 1: Test pit Log of Jimma Substation

Test Pit No. Depth (m) Soil Strata Description

0.20 – 0.40 Dark brownish clay soil, very dry and dense
JMTP-1
Reddish sandy silty clay , wet and loose
0.40 – 3.00 * No ground water observed during test pit excavation and
the test pit terminated at 3.0 m depth soil layer.
0.20 – 0.40 Dark brownish clay soil, very dry and dense
Reddish sandy silty clay , wet and loose
JMTP-2 0.40 - 3.00 * No ground water observed during test pit excavation and
the test pit terminated at 3.0 m depth soil layer.
0.20 – 0.40 Dark brownish clay soil, very dry and dense

JMTP-6 Reddish sandy silty clay , wet and loose

0.40 – 3.00 * No ground water observed during test pit excavation and
the test pit terminated at 3.0 m depth soil layer.

Summary of Soil Test Results

I. Test Type :- Natural Moisture Content

N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ Moisture

Content (%)

1.1 JMTP-1 1.00 GQ-1 36.5

1.2 ,, 2.00 GQ-2 38.1

1.3 ,, 3.00 GQ-3 41.0

2.1 JMTP-2 1.00 GQ-1 44.9

2.2 ,, 2.00 GQ-2 47.3

2.3 ,, 3.00 GQ-3 45.4

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 2

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

3.1 JMTP-6 1.00 GQ-1 43.2

3.2 ,, 2.00 GQ-2 49.3

3.3 ,, 3.00 GQ-3 48.4

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- JMTP-1
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.40 – 3.00
A. Grain size (gradation) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - -
♦ Coarse sand - -
♦ Medium sand - 0.14 %
♦ Fine sand - 1.23 %
♦ Silt - 45.9 %
♦ Clay - 52.73 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.78

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %

D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 52.6%

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 22.9%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 29.7%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 20.4%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.80
Test Pit N○:- JMTP-2
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.40 – 3.00

A. Grain size (gradation) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - -
♦ Coarse sand - -
♦ Medium sand - 0.42 %
♦ Fine sand - 1.27 %
♦ Silt - 40.45 %
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 3
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Clay - 57.86 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.72

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 30 %

D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 72.3%

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 36.6%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 35.7%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 12.7%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.90%

E. Direct Shear Test (Q-test):- Undisturbed specimen from 2.00 meter depth
♦ Apparent Cohésion ( C ) - 0.483 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 30.9º
♦ Bulk Density (γwet) - 1.755 g/cc
♦ Dry Density (γd) - 1.203 g/cc
Test Pit N○:- JMTP-6
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.40 – 3.00
A. Grain size (gradation) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - -
♦ Coarse sand - -
♦ Medium sand - 0.44 %
♦ Fine sand - 1.27 %
♦ Silt - 30.09 %
♦ Clay - 68.20 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.80

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 30 %

D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 80.5%

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 37.3%
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 4
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 43.2%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 18.5%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.80

Test type:- Soil Bearing Capacity (LSD Method)

Penetration Strength from Allowable bearing Capacity

Test Point
Depth (m) LSD Blows/m KN/m2 Kg/cm2
TP 1 1 194 203 2.07
2 200 206 2.10
3 220 214 2.18
TP 2 1 184 198 2.02
2 198 205 2.09
3 200 206 2.10

Summerized Table of Bearing Capacity by depth; Jimma Substation

Penetration depth Strength from LSD Estemated allowabel bearing capacity

meter Blows/m KN/m2 Kg/cm2

1 189 201 2.05

2 199 199 2.03
3 210 210 2.14

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 5

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

2. AGARO SUBSTATION

Local Area Description

The substation area is flat and the top surface is covered by dark brownish clay soil and some course
gravel selected material for about 50 cm. The underlying layer is reddish brown clayey soil with
loosely compacted fine grained. Below 2.0 meters the layer is mainly clay and silt more and more
silty clay are observed further down to the bottom of the test pits.

No sign of ground water was observed in the test pits

Table 2: Test pit Log of Agaro Substation

Test Pit No Depth Soil Strata Description

0.00 – 0.20 Top surface covered by dark brownish clay soil.

AGTP-1 0.20 - 0.50 Reddish brown clay, soil, with some course gravel
imported material densely compacted.

0.50- 3.00 Reddish clay soil wet and loosely compacted.

Terminated at 3.0 m. depth

3.00
*Ground water – Nil
0.00 – 0.20 Top surface covered by dark brownish clay soil.

Reddish brown clay, soil, with some course gravel

AGTP-3 0.20 - 0.50 imported material densely compacted.

0.50 – 3.00 Reddish clay soil wet and loosely compacted.

Terminated at 3.0 m. depth

3.00
*Ground water – Nil
0.00 – 0.20 Top surface covered by dark brownish clay soil.

AGTP-4 0.20 - 0.50 Reddish brown clay, soil, with some course gravel
imported material densely compacted.
0.50 – 3.00 Reddish clay soil wet and loosely compacted.

Terminated at 3.0 m. depth

3.00
*Ground water – Nil

Summary of Soil Test Results

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 6
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ Moisture

Content (%)

1.1 AGTP-1 1.00 GQ-1 40.9

,, 2.00 GQ-2
1.2 43.3
,, 3.00 GQ-3
1.3 43.9
AGTP-3 1.00 GQ-1
2.1 43.7
,, 2.00 GQ-2
2.2 43.9
,, 3.00 40.7
2.3 GQ-3
AGTP-4 1.00 GQ-1 41.6
3.1
,, 2.00 GQ-2 43.0
3.2
,, 3.00 GQ-3 41.6
3.3

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- AGTP-1

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.50 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - -
♦ Coarse sand - -
♦ Medium sand - 0.53 %
♦ Fine sand - 1.96 %
♦ Silt - 33.83 %
♦ Clay - 63.68 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.80

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 20 %

D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 67.1%

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 38.9 %
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 7
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 28.2 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 8.20 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 2.20
F. Direct Shear Test (Q-test):- Undisturbed specimen from 2.00 meter depth
♦ Apparent Cohésion ( C ) - 0.432 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 28.3º
♦ Bulk Density (γwet) - 1.701g/cc
♦ Dry Density (γd) - 1.21 g/cc
Test Pit N○:- AGTP-3
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.50 – 3.00

A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - -
♦ Coarse sand - -
♦ Medium sand - 0.28 %
♦ Fine sand - 1.25 %
♦ Silt - 24.18 %
♦ Clay - 74.29 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.81

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 20 %
D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 69.8 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 36.0 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 33.8 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 5.53 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 2.20

Test Pit N○:- AGTP-4

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.50 – 3.00

A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 8
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Fine gravel - -
♦ Coarse sand - -
♦ Medium sand - 1.02 %
♦ Fine sand - 2.63 %
♦ Silt - 41.49 %
♦ Clay - 54.86 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.72

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %
D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 61.8 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 36.9 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 24.9 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 7.45 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 2.20

Test type:- Soil Bearing Capacity (LSD Method)

Penetration Strength from Allowable bearing Capacity

Test Point
Depth (m) LSD Blows/m KN/m2 Kg/cm2
TP 1 1 187 199 2.03
2 210 210 2.14
3 235 219 2.24
TP 2 1 182 197 2.01
2 215 212 2.16
3 230 217 2.22

Summerized Tabele of Bearing Capacity by depth; Agaro Substation

Penetration depth Strength from LSD Estemated Allowabel Bearing Capacity

meter blows/m KN/m2 Kg/cm2

1 185 205 2.09

2 213 211 2.15
3 233 219 2.23

3. ALABA SUBSTATION

Local Area Description

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 9

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
The project site is flat covered with very loosely compacted soil. Below 30 cm homogeneous,
loosely compacted and moist yelowihs sandy silty material with gravel observed continues to a depth
of 3.00 m. It is relatively soft and easy to excavate.

No sigh of ground water observed in the test pits.

Table 4: Test pit Log of Alaba Substation Extension

Test Pit No Depth (m) Soil Strata Description

0.00 – 0.30 Top soil, dark brown very loosely compacted, moist with
some grass roots.
DNGTP-1
Light brownish sandy silty clay with gravel, sand and silt
0.30 – 1.00
moderately wet.

Grayish sandy silty clay with fine grained, moderately

wet, and densely compacted.
1.00 -3.00 Terminated at 3.0 m. depth
* Ground water - Nil

0.20 – 0.30 Top soil, dark brown very loosely compacted, moist with
some grass roots.
DNGTP-2
Light brownish sandy silty clay with gravel, sand and silt
0.30 – 1.00
moderately wet.
Grayish sandy silty clay with fine grained, moderately
wet, and densely compacted.
1.00 – 3.00 Terminated at 3.0 m. depth
* Ground water - Nil

0.00 – 0.30 Top soil, dark brown very loosely compacted, moist with
some grass roots.
DNGTP-3
Light brownish sandy silty clay with gravel, sand and silt
0.30 – 1.00
moderately wet.
Grayish sandy silty clay with fine grained, moderately
wet, and densely compacted.
1.00 -3.00 Terminated at 3.0 m. depth
* Ground water - Nil

Summary of Soil Test Results

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 10

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
Moisture
N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ Content (%)

1.1 ALTP-1 1.00 GQ-1 32.9

1.2 ,, 2.00 GQ-2 36.4

1.3 ,, 3.00 GQ-3 34.0

2.1 ALTP-2 1.00 GQ-1 27.0

2.2 ,, 2.00 GQ-2 30.3

2.3 ,, 3.00 GQ-3 30.3

3.1 ALTP-3 1.00 GQ-1 --

3.2 ,, 2.00 GQ-2 --

3.3 ,, 3.00 GQ-3 --

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- ALTP-1
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.30 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - 0.52 %

♦ Fine gravel - 4.78 %
♦ Coarse sand - 4.81 %
♦ Medium sand - 16.82 %
♦ Fine sand - 18.37 %
♦ Silt - 44.30 %
♦ Clay - 10.34 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.65

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 0%
D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - % None Plastic
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- %____
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - __________
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 11
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

Test Pit N○:- ALTP-2

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.30 – 2.00
G. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - 0.43%

♦ Fine gravel - 1.48 %
♦ Coarse sand - 2.09 %
♦ Medium sand - 14.83 %
♦ Fine sand - 24.62 %
♦ Silt - 46.75 %
♦ Clay - 9.80 %

H. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.67

I. Free swell (Fs) :- 0%
J. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - % None plastic
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) -

Test Pit N○:- ALTP-2

Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 2.00 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - 4.9 %
♦ Coarse sand - 7.27 %
♦ Medium sand - 29.86 %
♦ Fine sand - 20.27 %
♦ Silt - 24.42 %
♦ Clay - 3.28 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.63

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 0%

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 12

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - % None Plastic
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) -

Test type:- Soil Bearing Capacity (LSD Method)

Penetration Strength from Allowable bearing Capacity

Test Point
Depth (m) LSD Blows/m KN/m2 Kg/cm2
TP 1 1 115 234 2.39
2 193 278 2.84
3 >193 >278 >2.84
TP 2 1 120 237 2.42
2 200 282 2.88
3 >200 >282 >2.88

Summerized Tabele of Bearing Capacity by depth; Alaba Substation

Penetration depth Strength from LSD Estemated allowabel bearing capacity

meter blows/m KN/m2 Kg/cm2
1 118 236 2.41
2 197 280 2.86
3 >197 >280 >2.86

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 13

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

4. WOLISSO SUBSTATION

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

Moisture Content
N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ (%)
1.1 WTP-1 1.00 GQ-1 55.21
1.2 >> 2.00 GQ-2 53.15

1.3 >> 3.00 GQ-3 52.12

2.1 WTP-2 1.00 GQ-1 50.02

2.2 >> 2.00 GQ-2 48.32

2.3 >> 3.00 GQ-3 61.80

3.1 WTP-3 1.00 GQ-1 57.82

3.2 >> 2.00 GQ-2 49.67

3.3 >> 3.00 GQ-3 47.91

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- WSTP-1
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.30 -1.30

A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - ---
♦ Fine gravel - 4.5%
♦ Coarse sand - 5.2%
♦ Medium sand - 11.8%
♦ Fine sand - 5.8%
♦ Silt - 12.2%
♦ Clay - 60.5%

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.72

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 40%
D. Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 89.20 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 40.28%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 48.92%
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 14
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 13.65%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.87
E. Direct Shear Test (Q-test):- On undisturbed sample at 2.0 m depth
♦ Apparent Cohesion ( C ) - 0.30kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 29 º
♦ Bulk Density (γwet) - 1.68g/cc
♦ Dry Density (γd) - 1.08g/cc

Test Pit N○:- WSTP-1

Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.30 - 3.00

A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - ---
♦ Fine gravel - 1.7%
♦ Coarse sand - 2.1%
♦ Medium sand - 4.0%
♦ Fine sand - 5.5%
♦ Silt - 27.5%
♦ Clay - 59.2%

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.72

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 40%
D. Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 80.9%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 41.2%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 39.7%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 15.2%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.8

Test Pit N○:- WSTP-2

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 – 1.40

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - ---
♦ Fine gravel - 4.4%
♦ Coarse sand - 4.5%
♦ Medium sand - 10.3%
♦ Fine sand - 4.5%
♦ Silt - 12.2%
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 15
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Clay - 64.1%

Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.72

Free swell (Fs) :- 40%
Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 89.2 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 40.4%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 48.8%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 16.57%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.83
Test Pit N○:- WSTP- 2
Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.40 -3.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - ---
♦ Fine gravel - 11.3%
♦ Coarse sand - 10.2%
♦ Medium sand - 10.8%
♦ Fine sand - 7.4%
♦ Silt - 20.7%
♦ Clay - 39.6%

Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.71

Free swell (Fs) :- 30%
Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 80.8%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 38.9%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 41.9%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 18.2%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.86
Test Pit N○:- WSTP-3
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.40 -1.90

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - ---
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 16
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Fine gravel - 3.5%
♦ Coarse sand - 3.2%
♦ Medium sand - 8.3%
♦ Fine sand - 6.6%
♦ Silt - 19%
♦ Clay - 59.4%

Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.72

Free swell (Fs) :- 40 %

Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 78.19 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 38.8%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 39.39%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 9.4%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.85
Test Pit N○:- WSTP-3
Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.90 – 3.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - 0.7%
♦ Fine gravel - 12.9%
♦ Coarse sand - 6.8%
♦ Medium sand - 10.1%
♦ Fine sand - 9.5%
♦ Silt - 22.2%
♦ Clay - 37.8%

Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.71

Free swell (Fs) :- 20%
Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 75.3 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 36.2%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 39.1%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 19.7%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.66

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 17

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

5. GAMBELLA-II SUBSTATION

Location and Topography

Gambella Regional State is located in the western tip of Ethiopia bordering in the west and north
with the Sudan, in the south and east with Southern Peoples Nations Nationalities Region state in the
north and west with Oromia Regional State. It covers an estimated area of 3,406,287 ha and
comprising two administrative zones and nine woredas.

Its elevation ranges between 400 to 2000 meters above sea level. The peaks can be found in the
south and south-eastern parts of the region rising to 2500 meters asl. The central area is extensive
flat land with an average of 500 meters asl. Some of the western low land plain has only 400 mt asl.

Gambella is very rich but untapped in natural resources. Its major rivers (Baro, Akobo, Alwero and
Gilo rivers) have enormous potential for hydropower and irrigation for agricultural development
The regional economy is characterized by subsistence farming where traditional crop production,
cattle rearing and bee keeping and wild honey harvesting predominate all other economic activities.
Hunting and gathering wild plants are also part of rural subsistence economy.

The abundance of water combined with large differences in altitude between the upper land
elevation over 2000 meter and the lower land, at elevation below 500 meter makes the major rivers
in the region particularly attractive for hydropower development.

The field work

The geotechnical investigation section of the Engineering Service Division with request from the
project office has performed soil investigation at Gambella substation site which is situated in
Gambella town about 859 km from Addis Ababa.

The soil investigation was carried out on electrical equipment foundation positions, control room and
dwelling house areas for technicians. The study is a precondition for designing of foundations for
laying the civil structure and substation equipment.

The proposed substation site for power distribution is situated at a good location in terms of
geological and topographic condition for the future incoming /out going power lines, which is hard
subsurface material and technically for the cheaper earth work or excavation expenses.

The natural soil layer condition at Gambella proposed substation site is fresh–slightly weathered
rock fragment (sand stone) mixed with granular material. It is yellowish in color, friable and easy to
excavate using hand tools to an average depth of two meters. Below this level the soil strata becomes
harder and more intact. Even though it is difficult to obtain undisturbed sample, the bearing capacity
of the soil layer is good enough for the proposed engineering works.

In the following page the engineering properties of the soil are presented.

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 18

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
Test pit logging report

Test pit no Depth (m) Description

0.00 -0.20 Top soil, light brawn sandy-silty-clay soil mixed with gravel.
0.20 -3.00 Weathered fragments of sand stone mixed with silt and
GATP-1 clay, very dense layer which has good shear strength.
> 3.00
Very dense sand stone layer.
0.00 -0.20 Top soil, light brawn sandy-silty-clay soil mixed with gravel.
GATP-2 0.20 -3.00 Weathered fragments of sand stone mixed with silt and
> 3.00 clay, very dense layer which has good shear strength.
Very dense sand stone layer.
0.00 -0.20 Top soil, Light brawn Sandy-silty-clay soil mixed with
gravel.
GATP-3 Fresh-slightly weathered sand stone fragments mixed with
0.20 -2.00
silt and clay, yellowish in color and has dense layer
> 2.00 Hard sand stone layer.
0.00 -0.20 Top soil, Light brawn Sandy-silty-clay soil mixed with
gravel.
GATP-4 Fresh-slightly weathered sand stone fragments mixed with
0.20 -2.00
silt and clay, yellowish in color and has dense layer
> 2.00 Hard sand stone layer.
0.00 -0.20 Top soil, Light brawn Sandy-silty-clay soil mixed with
gravel.
GATP-5 Fresh-slightly weathered sand stone fragments mixed with
0.20 -2.00
silt and clay, yellowish in color and has dense layer
> 2.00 Hard sand stone layer.

Summary of Soil Test Results

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

Moisture Content
N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (m) Sample N○
(%)
1.1 GATP-1 1.00 GQ-1 7.46

1.2 << 2.00 GQ-2 8.42

1.3 << 3.00 GQ-3 8.82

2.1 GATP-2 1.00 GQ-1 7.86

2.2 << 2.00 GQ-2 7.51

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 19

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

2.3 << 3.00 GQ-3 7.59

3.1 GATP-3 1.00 GQ-1 3.08

3.2 << 2.00 GQ-2 9.47

4.1 GATP-4 1.00 GQ-1 8.52

4.2 << 2.00 GQ-2 8.06

5.1 GATP-5 1.00 GQ-1 8.25

5.2 << 2.00 GQ-2 7.53

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- GATP-1

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 -3.00

E. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - 22.9 %
♦ Coarse sand - 27.1 %
♦ Medium sand - 14.7 %
♦ Fine sand - 8.9 %
♦ Silt - 7.9 %
♦ Clay - 18.5 %

F. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.76

G. Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %
H. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 48.7 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 22.9 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 25.8 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 14.7 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.8

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 20

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
Test Pit N○:- GATP-2
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 -3.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - 4.1 %

♦ Fine gravel - 15.1 %
♦ Coarse sand - 26.0 %
♦ Medium sand - 16.1 %
♦ Fine sand - 11.1 %
♦ Silt - 9.0 %
♦ Clay - 18.6 %
Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.77
Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %

Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 47.8 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 27.4 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 20.4 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 20.1 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.76

Test Pit N○:- GATP-3

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 -1.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - 30.9 %
♦ Coarse sand - 27.7 %
♦ Medium sand - 16.8 %
♦ Fine sand - 13.2 %
♦ Silt - 7.9 %
♦ Clay - 3.5 %
Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.67

Free swell (Fs):- 0%

Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 29.0 %

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 21

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 17.9 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 11.1 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 13.9 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.72

Test Pit N○:- GATP-3

Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.00 -2.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - 21.7 %
♦ Coarse sand - 22.8 %
♦ Medium sand - 15.9 %
♦ Fine sand - 9.7 %
♦ Silt - 13.0 %
♦ Clay - 16.9 %
Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.70
Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %
Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 46.8 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 24.3 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 22.5 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 16.65 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.72

Test Pit N○:- GATP-4

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 -2.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - 19.1 %
♦ Coarse sand - 22.0 %
♦ Medium sand - 15.9 %
♦ Fine sand - 11.1 %
♦ Silt - 15.8 %
♦ Clay - 16.1 %
Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.71
Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %

Atterberg Limits:-
Liquid limit (WL) - 46.50 %

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 22

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 29.77 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 16.73 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 17.1 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.71
Test Pit N○:- GATP-5
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 -2.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - 25.4 %
♦ Coarse sand - 21.8 %
♦ Medium sand - 19.1 %
♦ Fine sand - 8.1 %
♦ Silt - 13.2 %
♦ Clay - 12.4 %
Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.68

Free swell (Fs):- 10 %

Atterberg Limits:-
Liquid limit (WL) - 46.60 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 31.01 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 15.59 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 16.48 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.70

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 23

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

Summerized Tabele of Bearing Capacity by depth - Gambela

Penetration depth Strength from LSD Estemated allowabel bearing capacity

meter mm/blow KN/m2 Kg/cm2
1 11.50 330.0 3.36
2 10.20 337.0 3.44
3 10.90 333.0 3.40

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ Moisture Content

(%)
1.1 GASTP - 1 1.00 GQ-1 10.54

1.2 2.00 GQ-2 12.22

1.3 3.00 GQ-3 16.60

2.1 GASTP - 2 1.00 GQ-1 10.76

2.2 2.00 GQ-2 14.1

2.3 3.00 GQ-3 19.26

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- GASTP - 1
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 – 3.00
I. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - 3.2 %

♦ Fine gravel - 8.9 %
♦ Coarse sand - 14.6 %-
♦ Medium sand - 30.2 %
♦ Fine sand - 15.1 %
♦ Silt - 20.1 %
♦ Clay - 7.9 %

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 25

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
J. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.67
K. Free swell (Fs) :- 0%
L. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - % Non-Plastic
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) -

Test Pit N○:- GASTP - 2

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - 4.4 %

♦ Fine gravel - 18.6 %
♦ Coarse sand - 15.3 %
♦ Medium sand - 21.7 %
♦ Fine sand - 16.0 %
♦ Silt - 16.1 %
♦ Clay - 7.9 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.65

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 0%
D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) -

♦ Plastic limit (PL) -
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - Non - Plastic
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) -
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) -

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 26

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

7. WOLKITIE SUBSTATION
Summary of Soil Test Results
I. Test Type:- Natural Moisture Content
Oven draying for 24 hrs at a temperature of 105ċ

Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ Moisture Content

N○ (%)

2.1 WSTP - 2 1.00 GQ-1 42.27

2.2 2.00 GQ-2 47.66

2.3 3.00 GQ-3 40.00

3.1 WSTP - 3 1.00 GQ-1 40.00

3.2 2.00 GQ-2 42.84

3.3 3.00 GQ-3 43.01

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- WSTP - 2

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (m): - 0.00 – 1.40

A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -- %
♦ Fine gravel - 2.2 %
♦ Coarse sand - 2.3 %
♦ Medium sand - 4.6 %
♦ Fine sand - 2.2 %
♦ Silt - 28.5 %
♦ Clay - 60.2 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.75

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 90 %
D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 109.8 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 47.3%

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 27

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 62.5 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 8.35 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.91

Test Pit N○:- WSTP - 2

Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.40 – 3.00

E. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --- %

♦ Fine gravel - 0.1 %
♦ Coarse sand - 0.5 %
♦ Medium sand - 1.1 %
♦ Fine sand - 3.6 %
♦ Silt - 31.0 %
♦ Clay - 63.7 %

F. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.75

G. Free swell (Fs) :- 70 %
H. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 82.0 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 36.8 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 45.2 %
Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 13.1 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.80

E. Direct Shear Test (Q-test):- Undisturbed specimen from 2.00 meter depth
♦ Apparent Cohésion (C) - 0.275 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 27º 8"
♦ Bulk Density (γwet) - 1.60 g/cc
♦ Water content before test - 46.45 %
♦ Water test after test - 48.5 %
Test Pit N○:- WSTP - 3
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.00 – 1.30

A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 28
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - 1.6 %
♦ Coarse sand - 2.2 %
♦ Medium sand - 4.9 %
♦ Fine sand - 1.7 %
♦ Silt - 22.7 %
♦ Clay - 66.9 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.76

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 80 %
D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 105.4 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 47.65 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 57.75 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 3.7 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 2.0
Test Pit N○:- WSTP - 3
Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.30 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - 0.2
♦ Coarse sand - 1.6 %
♦ Medium sand - 3.4 %
♦ Fine sand - 3.4 %
♦ Silt - 32.3 %
♦ Clay - 59.7 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.71

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 80 %
D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 94.7 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 40.71 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 54.0 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 7.67 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.84

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 29

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

8. METU SUBSTTION

Summary of Soil Test Results

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

Moisture
N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ Content (%)
1 METP-1 1.00 GQ-1 44.68
2 METP-1 2.00 GQ-2 36.27
3 METP-1 3.00 GQ-3 41.57
4 METP-2 1.00 GQ-1 48.54
5 METP-2 2.00 GQ-2 45.90
6 METP-2 3.00 GQ-3 33.10
7 METP-3 1.00 GQ-1 44.92
8 METP-3 2.00 GQ-2 43.99
9 METP-3 3.00 GQ-3 44.30
10 METP-4 1.00 GQ-1 47.58
11 METP-4 2.00 GQ-2 46.89
12 METP-4 3.00 GQ-3 35.80
13 METP-5 1.00 GQ-1 44.20
14 METP-5 2.00 GQ-2 34.88
15 METP-5 3.00 GQ-3 35.61

II. Other Tests

Test Pit N○: METP-1

Sample N○: GS-1
Depth (M): 0.00 - 1.60
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 0.4%
♦ Coarse sand - 0.3%
♦ Medium sand - 1.01%
♦ Fine sand - 1.43%
♦ Silt - 56.8%
♦ Clay - 40.06%
B. Specific gravity (Gs) - - 2.70
C. Free Swelling (Fs) - 10%
D. Atterberg Limits-
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 30
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 65.2 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 32.5 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 32.7 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 24.94 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.61

Test Pit N○:- METP-1

Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.60 – 3.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Coarse gravel - 4.1%
♦ Fine gravel - 16.2%
♦ Coarse sand - 6.6%
♦ Medium sand - 3.4%
♦ Fine sand - 3.6%
♦ Silt - 24.2%
♦ Clay - 41.9%

Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.80

Free Swelling (Fs) - 10 %

Atterberg Limits
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 76.0%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 38.9%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 37.1%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 24.5%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.64

Test Pit N○: METP-2

Sample N○: GS-1
Depth (M): 0.00 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 10.7%
♦ Coarse sand - 6.1%
♦ Medium sand - 0.9%
♦ Fine sand - 1.21%
♦ Silt - 25.9%
♦ Clay - 55.19%

B. Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.74

C. Free Swelling (Fs) - - 11 %

D. Atterberg Limits- -
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 73.68%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 36.88%
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 31
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 36.80%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 28.76%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.59

E. Direct Shear Test (Q-test): (Undisturbed specimen from 2.00 m depth)

♦ Apparent Cohesion ( C ) - 0.48 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 28.8º
♦ Maximum bulk density (γw) - 1.80 g/cc
♦ Maximum Dry density (γd) - 1.20 g/cc

Test Pit N○:- METP-3

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.30 - 1.80
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 3.4%
♦ Coarse sand - 1.3%
♦ Medium sand - 1.5%
♦ Fine sand - 2.5%
♦ Silt - 19.4%
♦ Clay - 71.9%

Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.80

Free swell (Fs) - 10%
Atterberg Limits
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 62.47%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 33.24%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 34.23%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 28.80%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.71

Test Pit N○: METP-3

Sample N○: GS-2
Depth (M): 1.80 - 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Coarse gravel - 2.5%
♦ Fine gravel - 11.4%
♦ Coarse sand - 4.3%
♦ Medium sand - 2.0%
♦ Fine sand - 2.8%
♦ Silt - 19.8%
♦ Clay - 57.2%
B. Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.79
C. Free swell (Fs) - - 10%
D. Atterberg Limits

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 32

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

6. GAMBELLA EXISTING SUBSTATION

Local Area Description

Gambella is a low land area situated along side the Baro River that emerges from Ilu Ababora
highlands and flows to the Nail River in the Sudan. Gambella substation site is situated on a flat
area which is the general characteristics of the surrounding. The subsurface strata are hard
compacted material which makes it technically easy and cheaper earth work or excavation expenses.

The natural soil layer is composed of weathered rock fragments identified as silty-sand mixed with
granular material. It is yellowish in color, friable and easy to excavate using hand tools to an
average depth of 2.00 meters. Below this level the soil strata becomes harder and more intact. Even
though it was not possible to cut out undisturbed soil sample the bearing capacity of the soil layer as
observed from the Light Static Dynamic Sounding test (LSD) is good enough to support the planned
substation equipment.

During the excavation, water was observed at one meter depth. However, as informed from residents
in the area, the actual ground water level is deeper while this occurrence at shallow depth is due to
the rainy season.

Test Pit Log - Gambela Substation

Test Pit Depth ( m) Soil Strata Description

No.

GASTP-1 Yellowish Silty-sand mixed with granular material

0.20 -3.00

GASTP-2 0.20 -3.00 Yellowish Silty-sand mixed with granular material

Test type:- Soil Bearing Capacity (LSD Method)

Penetration Strength from Allowable bearing Capacity

Test Point
Depth (m) LSD (mm/blow) KN/m2 Kg/cm2
TP 1 1 11.40 330 3.36
2 10.50 335 3.42
3 11.60 330 3.36
TP 2 1 11.50 330 3.36
2 9.80 340 3.47
3 10.20 335 3.42

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 24

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 71.8%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 37.4%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 34.4%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 20.9%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.49
Test Pit N○:- METP-4
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 – 3.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 2.24%
♦ Coarse sand - 4.2%
♦ Medium sand - 2.9%
♦ Fine sand - 1.9%
♦ Silt - 2.32%
♦ Clay - 86.44%

Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.80

Free swell (Fs) - - 11%

Atterberg Limits- -
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 67.98%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 34.29%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 33.69%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 18.4%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.7

Direct Shear Test (Q-test): (Undisturbed specimen from 2.00 m. depth)

♦ Apparent Cohesion ( C ) - 0.48 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 29.8º
♦ Maximum bulk density (γw) - 1.74 g/cc
♦ Maximum Dry density (γd) - 1.23 g/cc

Test Pit N○:- METP-5

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 – 3.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Coarse sand - 0.1%
♦ Medium sand - 0.1%
♦ Fine sand - 1.2%
♦ Silt - 22.3%
♦ Clay - 76.3%
Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.79
Free swell (Fs) - - 10%
Atterberg Limits- -
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 33
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 66.87%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 34.4%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 32.39%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 28.45%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.6

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 34

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

9. BEDELE SUBSTATION

Summary of Soil Test Results

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

Moisture
N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ Content (%)
1 BETP-1 1.00 GQ-1 44.68
2 BETP-1 2.00 GQ-2 42.90
3 BETP-1 3.00 GQ-3 40.27
4 BETP-2 1.00 GQ-1 41.26
5 BETP-2 2.00 GQ-2 47.91
6 BETP-2 3.00 GQ-3 44.34
7 BETP-3 1.00 GQ-1 45.50
8 BETP-3 2.00 GQ-2 48.28
9 BETP-3 3.00 GQ-3 45.45
10 BETP-4 1.00 GQ-1 46.63
11 BETP-4 2.00 GQ-2 42.84
12 BETP-4 3.00 GQ-3 40.39
13 BETP-5 1.00 GQ-1 43.58
14 BETP-5 2.00 GQ-2 42.29
15 BETP-5 3.00 GQ-3 44.47

II. Other Tests

Test Pit N○: BETP-1

Sample N○: GS-1
Depth (M): 0.00 - 1.10
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 0.07%
♦ Coarse sand - 0.1%
♦ Medium sand - 2.0%
♦ Fine sand - 7.18%
♦ Silt - 34.2%
♦ Clay - 56.45%

B. Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.75

C. Free Swelling (Fs) - 11%

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 35
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

D. Atterberg Limits-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 61.49 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 34.09 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 27.4 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 27.99 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.61

Direct Shear Test (Q-test): (Undisturbed specimen from 2.00 m depth)

♦ Apparent Cohesion ( C ) - 0.25 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 32.0º
♦ Maximum bulk density (γw) - 1.84 g/cc
♦ Maximum Dry density (γd) - 1.28 g/cc

Test Pit N○:- BETP-1

Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.10 – 3.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 0.9%
♦ Coarse sand - 1.9%
♦ Medium sand - 1.8%
♦ Fine sand - 3.4%
♦ Silt - 32.0%
♦ Clay - 60.0 %

Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.78

Free Swelling (Fs) - 11 %
Atterberg Limits
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 66.0%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 33.0%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 33.0%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 27.17%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.8

Test Pit N○: BETP-2

Sample N○: GS-1
Depth (M): 0.40 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 0.4%
♦ Coarse sand - 0.6%
♦ Medium sand - 0.5%
♦ Fine sand - 1.67%
♦ Silt - 50.0%
♦ Clay - 46.83%
Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.77
Free Swelling (Fs) - 10 %
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 36
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
Atterberg Limits- -
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 67.0%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 33.5%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 33.5%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 29.1%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.6

Test Pit N○: BETP-2 (GS-1) cont ….

Direct Shear Test (Q-test): (Undisturbed specimen from 2.00 m depth)

♦ Apparent Cohesion ( C ) - 0.20 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 29.5º
♦ Maximum bulk density (γw) - 1.71 g/cc
♦ Maximum Dry density (γd) - 1.11 g/cc

Test Pit N○:- BETP-3

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.40 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 0.5%
♦ Coarse sand - 0.7%
♦ Medium sand - 0.6%
♦ Fine sand - 1.04%
♦ Silt - 42.8%
♦ Clay - 54.36%

Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.78

Free swell (Fs) - 10%

Atterberg Limits
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 72.57%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 38.2%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 34.37%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 44.64%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.75

Test Pit N○: BETP-4

Sample N○: GS-1
Depth (M): 0.00 - 1.80
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - --
♦ Coarse sand - 0.1%
♦ Medium sand - 0.25%
♦ Fine sand - 1.09%
♦ Silt - 27.63%
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 37
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Clay - 70.9%

Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.78

Free swell (Fs) - - 10%

Atterberg Limits
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 68.5%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 34.9%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 33.6%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 19.4%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.59

Test Pit N○:- BETP-4

Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 0.80 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 0.5%
♦ Coarse sand - 1.8%
♦ Medium sand - 2.9%
♦ Fine sand - 2.68%
♦ Silt - 36.3%
♦ Clay - 53.57%

Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.76

Free swell (Fs) - - 10%
Atterberg Limits- -
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 72.0%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 35.2%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 36.8%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 21.17%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.57

Test Pit N○:- BETP-5

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.30 – 1.50
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 0.1%
♦ Coarse sand - 0.1%
♦ Medium sand - 0.54%
♦ Fine sand - 1.53%
♦ Silt - 43.8%
♦ Clay - 53.93%
Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.77
Free swell (Fs) - - 10%
Atterberg Limits- -
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 64.0%
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 38
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 31.7%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 32.0%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 22.5%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.65

Test Pit N○:- BETP-5

Sample N○: - GS-2
Depth (M): - 1.50 – 3.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis
♦ Fine gravel - 2.8%
♦ Coarse sand - 1.4%
♦ Medium sand - 2.2%
♦ Fine sand - 3.68%
♦ Silt - 31.5%
♦ Clay - 58.42%

Specific gravity (Gs) - 2.8

Free swell (Fs) - - 10%

Atterberg Limits- -
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 73.9%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 35.4%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 38.5%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws) - 25.1%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.55

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 39

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

10. GILGEL GIBE-II SUBSTATION

Summary of Soil Test Results

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

Moisture Content
N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ (%)
1.1 GG2STP-1 1.00 GQ-1 36.37
1.2 2.00 GQ-2 43.25

1.3 3.00 GQ-3 42.94

2.1 GG2STP-2 1.00 GQ-1 36.77

2.2 2.00 GQ-2 45.10

2.3 3.00 GQ-3 44.15

3.1 GG2STP-3 1.00 GQ-1 32.50

3.2 2.00 GQ-2 27.13

3.3 3.00 GQ-3 37.30

4.1 GG2STP-4 1.00 GQ-1 34.62

4.2 2.00 GQ-2 39.22
4.3 3.00 GQ-3 43.84
5.1 GG2STP-5 1.00 GQ-1 35.95
5.2 2.00 GQ-2 43.31
5.3 3.00 GQ-3 45.35
6.1 GG2STP-6 1.00 GQ-1 29.27
6.2 2.00 GQ-2 36.93
6.3 3.00 GQ-3 38.00

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 40

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
Natural Moisture Content of soil samples from the Store Construction site near
EEPCO fuel station

7.1 GG2DTP7 1.00 GQ-1 36.98

2.00 GQ-2 38.73
7.2 3.00 GQ-3 48.38
8.1 GG2STP8 1.00 GQ-1 33.3
8.2 2.00 GQ-2 39.68
8.3 3.00 GQ-3 44.99

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- GG2STP-1

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.15 – 3.00

M. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - --
♦ Coarse sand - 0.01%
♦ Medium sand - 0.46%
♦ Fine sand - 2.69%
♦ Silt - 14.45%
♦ Clay - 82.39%
N. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.76
O. Free swell (Fs) :- 10%
P. Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 68.10%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 41.80%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 26.30%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 20.65%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.72

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 41

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

Test Pit N○:- GG2STP-2

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 - 3.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - --
♦ Coarse sand - 0.03%
♦ Medium sand - 0.44%
♦ Fine sand - 3.1%
♦ Silt - 17.34%
♦ Clay - 79.09%

E. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.72

F. Free swell (Fs) :- 20%
G. Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 71.85%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 44.16%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 27.69%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 22.90%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.76

E. Direct Shear Test (Q-test):- (on Undisturbed Specimen from 2.00 m depth)
♦ Apparent Cohesion ( C ) - 0.50 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 32º
♦ Bulk Density (γwet) - 1.64g/cc
♦ Dry Density (γd) - 1.12 g/cc

Test Pit N○:- GG2STP-3

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.00 – 3.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - --
♦ Coarse sand - 0.03%
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 42
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Medium sand - 0.32%
♦ Fine sand - 1.78%
♦ Silt - 34.48%
♦ Clay - 63.39%

Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.72

Free swell (Fs) :- 20%
Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 75.90%

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 42.80%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 33.10%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 18.33%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.76

Test Pit N○:- GG2STP-4

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.40 - 3.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - --
♦ Coarse sand - 0.02%
♦ Medium sand - 0.3%
♦ Fine sand - 0.94%
♦ Silt - 18.34%
♦ Clay - 80.4%

Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.74

Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %
Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 75.7 %
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 43.8%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 31.9%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 23.91%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.67

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 43

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

Test Pit N○:- GG2TP-5

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.00 - 3.00
Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-
♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - --
♦ Coarse sand - 0.01%
♦ Medium sand - 0.40%
♦ Fine sand - 2.60%
♦ Silt - 19.29%
♦ Clay - 77.70%

Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.74

Free swell (Fs) :- 10%

Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 72.00%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 41.70%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 30.30%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 20.84%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.70

Test Pit N○:- GG2TP-6

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.00 – 3.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - %
♦ Fine gravel - %
♦ Coarse sand - 0.14 %
♦ Medium sand - 0.72 %
♦ Fine sand - 4.89 %
♦ Silt - 39.39 %
♦ Clay - 54.86 %

Specific gravity (Gs) :- 2.77

Free swell (Fs) :- 20%

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 44

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
Atterberg Limits:-
♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 54.60%
♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 29.50%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 27.00%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 19.76%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.59

E. Direct Shear Test (Q-test):- On undisturbed SampleAt2.00mts depth.

♦ Apparent Cohesion ( C ) - 0.05 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 36º
♦ Bulk Density (γwet) - 1.65g/cc
♦ Dry Density (γd) - 1.20 g/cc

Test Pit N○:- GG2STP-7 (Store Area)

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.10 – 3.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - --
♦ Coarse sand - 0.24%
♦ Medium sand - 0.40%
♦ Fine sand - 1.43%
♦ Silt - 28.30%
♦ Clay - 69.90%
Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.75
Free swell (Fs) :- 30%
Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 83.50%

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 44.23%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 39.27%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 20.90%

♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.77

E. Direct Shear Test (Q-test):- On undisturbed Sample at 2.00mts depth.

♦ Apparent Cohesion ( C ) - 0.28 kg/cm2
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 45
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 34º
♦ Bulk Density (γwet) - 1.58/cc
♦ Dry Density (γd) - 1.13 g/cc

Test Pit N○:- GG2STP-8 (Store area)

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.40 – 3.00

Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - --
♦ Fine gravel - --
♦ Coarse sand - 0.53%
♦ Medium sand - 0.13%
♦ Fine sand - 1.30%
♦ Silt - 30.74%
♦ Clay - 67.30%

Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.78

Free swell (Fs) :- 20 %

Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 77.00%

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 41.00%
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 36.00%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 24.14%
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.68

Standard Penetration Test (SPT) using Light Static Dynamic Sounding (LSD)

Correlation between N and qu; (qu = unconfined compression strength)

Penetration No of blows at Consistency qu (KN/m2) Remark
depth (m) a given depth

Test Pit No GG2-STP 1

1 50 blows/0.20m Hard > 400
2 36 blows/0.20m Very stiff 200 - 400
3 33 blows/0.20m Very stiff 200 - 400
4 39 blows/0.20m Very stiff 200 - 400

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 46

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
Test Pit No GG2-STP 2
1 52 blows/0.20m Hard > 400 Top soil, reddish clay
2 23 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400
3 19 blows/0.20m Very Soft < 25 Soft clay
4 30 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Wet, light brown clay
Test Pit No GG2 -STP 3
1 37 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Top soil, reddish clay
2 41 blows/0.20m Hard > 400 Weathered rock, scoria
3 46 blows/0.20m Hard > 400
4 35 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Reddish clay

Test Pit No GG2-STP 4

1 53 blows/0.20m Hard > 400 Top soil, reddish clay
2 41 blows/0.20m Hard > 400
3 35 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400
4 37 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Reddish clay
Test Pit No GG2-STP 5
1 67 blows/0.20m Hard > 400 Top soil, reddish clay
2 26 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400
3 22 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400
4 17 blows/0.20m Very soft < 25 Soft clay
5 37 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Reddish clay

SPT continued . . .
Penetration No of blows at a Consistency qu (KN/m2) Remark
depth (m) given depth
Test Pit No GG2-STP 6
1 22 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Top soil, light
brownish clay
2 17 blows/0.20m Very soft < 25
3 23 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400
4 23 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Soft, brownish clay,
Test Pit No GG2-STP 7 - (store area)
1 48 blows/0.20m Hard > 400 Top soil, light
brownish color
2 37 blows/0.20m Hard > 400
3 34 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Reddish clay

Test Pit No GG2-STP 8 - (store area)

1 39 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400 Top soil, light
brownish color
2 30 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400
3 24 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400
4 28 blows/0.20m Very Stiff 200 - 400

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 47

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM
Field density

Test pit No. Depth (m) Wet density ( γw) Dry density (γd )

1 GG-2STP-2 2 1.53 g/cc 1.07 g/cc

2 GG-2STP-4 2 1.49 g/cc 1.07 g/cc

3 GG-2STP-5 2 1.49 g/cc 1.04 g/cc

4 GG-2STP-6 2 1.47 g/cc 1.07 g/cc

5 GG-2STP-7 2 1.60 g/cc 1.15 g/cc

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 48

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

11. HOSAINA SUBSTATION

Local Area Description

The site in Hosaina town is an extension of the existing 132 kV substation. Generally the
site is defined by flat laying topographic feature. The top part of the area is covered by
imported crushed gravel. Below the gravel reddish to dark brown, high plastic, compressible
silty-clay layer was found. The maximum depth dug was up to 3 meter.

Table 1: Test pits log of Hosaina Substation

Test Pit Depth Soil Strata Description

No. (m)
0.00- 0.20 Top soil
HOSTP - 1
Moist, medium dense, medium plasticity and comprisable
0.20 -3.00 Reddish silt clayey soil with fine and medium sand.

3.00 End of test pit

0.00- 0.20 Top soil

HOSTP - 2
Moist, medium dense, medium plasticity and comprisable
0.20 -3.00 Reddish silt clayey soil with fine and medium sand.

End of test pit

3.00

0.00- 0.20 Top soil

HOSTP - 3
Moist, medium dense, medium plasticity and comprisable
0.20 -3.00 Reddish silt clayey soil with fine and medium sand.

3.00 End of test pit

Summary of Soil Test Results

I. Test Type: Natural Moisture Content

Moisture
N○ Test Pit N○ Depth (M) Sample N○ Content (%)

1.1 HOSTP - 1 1.00 GQ-1 33.30

1.2 2.00 GQ-2 30.27

1.3 3.00 GQ-3 35.81

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 49

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

2.1 HOSTP - 2 1.00 GQ-1 34.28

2.2 2.00 GQ-2 37.93

2.3 3.00 GQ-3 33.94

3.1 HOSTP - 3 1.00 GQ-1 33.14

3.2 2.00 GQ-2 32.70

3.3 3.00 GQ-3 35.46

II. Other Tests (Index)

Test Pit N○:- HOSTP - 1

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 – 3.00
E. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - 0.1 %
♦ Coarse sand - 0.2 %
♦ Medium sand - 2.4 %
♦ Fine sand - 10.1 %
♦ Silt - 42.1 %
♦ Clay - 45.2 %

F. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.8

G. Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %

H. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 59.0 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 29.41 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 29.59 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 20.81 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.61

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 50

ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

Test Pit N○:- HOSTP - 2

Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 – 3.00

E. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - 0.1 %
♦ Coarse sand - 0.3 %
♦ Medium sand - 2.6 %
♦ Fine sand - 10.3 %
♦ Silt - 49.9 %
♦ Clay - 36.8 %

F. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.8

G. Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %

H. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 54.5 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 29.2 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 25.3%
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 20.18 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.67
E. Direct Shear Test (Q-test):- Undisturbed specimen from 2.00 meter depth
♦ Apparent Cohesion (C) - 0.13 kg/cm2
♦ Angle of Internal friction (¯ ) - 38 º
♦ Bulk Density (γwet) - 1.75 g/cc
♦ Dry Density (γd) - 1.32 g/cc
Test Pit N○:- HOSTP - 3
Sample N○: - GS-1
Depth (M): - 0.20 – 3.00
A. Grain size (Hydrometer) Analysis:-

♦ Coarse gravel - -
♦ Fine gravel - -
♦ Coarse sand - 0.2 %
♦ Medium sand - 2.4 %
// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 51
ETHIOPIAN ELETRIC POWER CORPORATION - GEOTEHNICAL INVESTIGATION CASE TEAM

♦ Fine sand - 9.9 %

♦ Silt - 41.4 %
♦ Clay - 46.1 %

B. Specific gravity (Gs):- 2.82

C. Free swell (Fs) :- 10 %

D. Atterberg Limits:-

♦ Liquid limit (WL) - 57.0 %

♦ Plastic limit (PL) - 30.81 %
♦ Plasticity Index (IP) - 26.19 %
♦ Shrinkage Limit (Ws)- 20.11 %
♦ Shrinkage ratio (Wr) - 1.66

Penetration Strength from Allowable bearing Capacity

Test Point
Depth (m) LSD Blows/mm KN/m2 Kg/cm2
TP 1 1 16.0 280 2.86
2 13.0 305 3.11
3 7.0 365 3.72
TP 2 1 16.0 280 3.86
2 12.5 305 3.11
3 8.1 360 3.67
TP 3 1 16.0 280 2.86
2 12.1 310 3.16
3 8.0 360 3.11

Summerized Tabele of Bearing Capacity by depth - Hosaena

Penetration depth Strength from LSD Estemated allowabel bearing capacity

meter mm/blow KN/m2 Kg/cm2
1 16 280 2.86
2 12.5 306 3.12
3 7.7 362 3.69

// GG-II PTP - Gilgel Gibe 2 Substation 52