Unit 1: ENERGY

Stop Monkey-N-ing
around and
Go Green already!
P.S. I’m Mookie the
Monkey
What is ENERGY?
Energy is the
ability to do
work

Work
Work occurs when a __force___
movein the
causes an object to _____
same direction as the force.
 FORMS OF ENERGY
Both basic states of energy,
Kinetic and potential, can exist
in many forms!
 2 Forms of Energy-board
Video-
Potential Energy - _______
______________________
**Example: ______________
Kinetic Energy - _________
______________________
**Example ________________
 All forms of energy can be classified as Kinetic or potential. The two basic states of energy. So, what’s the difference?

DRAW/Paste 5 example (each)

of potential & kinetic Energy
 POTENTIAL ENERGY

1) No Motion
Potential energy is stored energy due to its position and its
height

and object’s _____________

 POTENTIAL ENERGY
2) An object that is lifted from its position
on Earth has __________ potential Energy
which depends on ______ and mass

gravitational
height
POTENTIAL ENERGY
3) Massive objects
more
have _____ potential
energy than less
massive objects
 POTENTIAL ENERGY
4) An object at a higher
more
elevation will have _____
potential energy than an
object at a lower elevation
 KINETIC ENERGY
1) Kinetic is energy of
___________
Motion
 KINETIC ENERGY
2) Kinetic depends on the _____
and the _______ of an object.

SPEED
MASS
KINETIC ENERGY
More
3) Faster objects have
____ kinetic energy than
slower objects.
**Images Label: 4 potential energy
Images Label: 4 pictures—Kinetic energy
 REVIEW QUESTONS:
WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST
KINETIC ENERGY?
A

B
D
C
WHICH SKIIER HAS THE GREATEST
POTENTIAL ENERGY?
A

D
C
 FORMS OF ENERGY
Both basic states of energy,
Kinetic and potential, can exist
in many forms!
 SOUND
A type of mechanical energy.
It is the energy produced when
vibrate
objects ________.
Ex: tuning fork, bell
 MECHANICAL
moving
Energy with which ______
objects perform work.
Ex: Wind, flowing water,
using a hammer
STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY:

Stored energy due to a

change in the shape of
an object. Ex:
A stretched rubber band
_______________
And Bow & Arrow
STORED MECHANICAL
ENERGY:
THERMAL (HEAT)
The totalKinetic
________
energy of the
particles in matter.
(molecular motion)
Box
on
the
left
 CHEMICAL
Energy STORED in chemical
bonds
____ that can be released.Ex:
food, fossil fuels, battery acid,
photosynthesis, gas
 LIGHT
radiant
A form of _______
energy that moves in a
wave
______.
Ex: lamp, stars,
Moon, flashlight
ELECTRICITY

A form of energy
produced by the
________
movementof
________
electrons
SOLAR ENERGY
All forms of energy that
come from the ______.
SUN
 NUCLEAR
Energy
STORED in
nucleus
the ________
(center) of an
atom.
Ex: nuclear bombs
GEOTHERMAL (HEAT)
Heat energy STORED
Earth Ex:
within the _____.
Volcanic eruptions, geysers
Match the example with the correct type of energy.
1. Riding a Bicycle to the store _______________
2. Eating a banana __________________
3 Using light from the sun to read a book ______________
4.Boiling water on the stove to cook soup ______________
5.Plugging in your phone charger ____________________
6.Vibration of Music _________ 7. Atomic Bomb _________
8. Driving a car _____________________________ (2-3)
**Pick for each Blank………. Sound Energy
Chemical Energy. Solar Energy. Thermal(Heat) Energy
Electrical Energy. Mechanical Energy Nuclear Energy
X
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

Do you remember the LAW

OF CONSERVATION OF
MASS AND ENERGY?
Google…..
Law of Conservation of ENERGY: (same for
mass)
Can’t be made
Mass/ NRG ____________
Mass/ NRG ______________
Can’t be destroyed
Mass/ Energy can only
__________
Change form!!!
 FORMS OF ENERGY
Both basic states of energy,
Kinetic and potential, can exist
in many forms!
DURING ENERGY CHANGES,
IF ONE BODYIS LOSING ENERGY,
THE OTHER IS _______ ENERGY:
Gaining
HE WAVE LOSES ENERGY:

THE SAND
GAINS
ENERGY
DURING ENERGY CHANGES
THE TOTAL ENERGY
REMAINS THE SAME
ENERGY ALWAYS FLOWS
FROM

HIGH TO LOW (source to sink)

THE ENERGY WILL FLOW FROM:

THE FLAME TO THE

FINGER
 ENERGY WILL FLOW FROM

ICE

THE FINGER TO THE ICE…… warmer

to colder
THE LIQUID
LOSES ENERGY
AS THE ICE
GAINS ENERGY
STOP?

1) WHEN EQUILIBRIUM
IS REACHED

2) THE LIQUID AND

THE ICE REACH THE SAME
TEMPERATURE
UNUSABLE ENERGY:
Very often during the energy
transformation process, some
heat
____ energy is produced due
to friction. This is wasted
energy and is lost to the
environment.
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
Example: A
television changes
electrical NRG
into light and
sound NRG
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
 Method’s of NRG transfer
Convection
1. __________________: Heated air rises through earth’s
atmosphere.
2. __________________:
Conduction An ice cube melts when dropped into a
glass of warm water.
3. __________________:
Radiation Light leaves the sun and 8 minutes later
strikes earth.
4. __________________: You burn you tongue eating hot pizza.
Conduction
5. __________________: Hot magma rises inside earth’s mantle,
cool, and sinks.
Convection
6. __________________: A microwave oven heats soup.
7. __________________: A fireplace warming a room.
Radiation
Convection
 *
* *
^ *
^
^
^
^
^
^
^
*
*
^^KINETIC ENERGY.
**GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL ENERGY
There are 3 methods of
Energy Transfer
Radiation
ConDuction
ConVection
-Conduction is a form of heat
transfer by
direct _______ of molecules
contact.
Direct contact (touch)
Molecule. To Molecule
 -_______ are the best
metals
conductors of he heat energy.
Examples
Touching a hot surface
Touching a warm cup of Cocco
Soup in your TUMtum
Sitting in a “warm seat”
 Best Medium for
energy transfer
solids
-Conduction occurs fastest in _______
Con ection
Energy transfer
Explanation of Transfer

Due to
Density
differences
heat transfer that occurs
by up and down motion
of a _______ due to
differences in ______
density
fluid
Best Medium for energy trans

-occurs ONLY in _____ which are

fluids
liquids and gases!
Examples
Hot air or water rising
Volcanoes
Lava lamp
Boiling water
On a stove
Find 4 images for Convection
HEAT
Radiation
Explanation of Transfer
Electromagnetic (EM)
waves
that move
Through a vacuum
(empty space)
 -Electromagnetic radiation travels at the
speed of ______.
light

GO
OGL
E
AN
Best Medium for energy
transfer?
NO medium is needed
Examples
Gamma
X-rays
UV
Visible
Infrared
Microwave
radio
Do Now: CIRCLE What will
heat up faster? WHY??

1. Or

2. Or

3. Or
 HEAT NOTES

1.
 HEAT NOTES

more
2. HOT OBJECTS contain __________ heat than
cold ones. MOLECULES ARE MOVING
FASTER IN WARMER OBJECT
 HEAT NOTES

3. All objects above __________

contain heat
Absolute zero
GOOGLE: WHAT IS THE
TEMPERATURE FOR ABSOLUTE
ZERO?
 HEAT NOTES
4. Heat always flows from
hotterobjects to ______
______ cooler
objects until the objects
sametemperature.
reach _____
 HEAT NOTES
5. The greater the difference
in temperature between the
faster
two objects, the _________
heat is transferred.
REVIEW NAME THE. 3
TYPES of heat transfer!

Convection Conduction
! !
Radiation!
 HOW IS HEAT
TRANSFERRED BETWEEN OBJECTS?
When you touch an object (HAND ON HANDLE)
————————> CONDUCTION
When heat FLOWS through space ———> RADIATION
When heat moves in CURRENTS ———> CONVECTION
Heat Transfer at Work
Energy Transfer Practice Questions
conduction, convection or radiation.
 
1. __________________: Heated air rises through the
earth’s atmosphere.
2. __________________: An ice cube melts when dropped
into a glass of warm water.
3. __________________: Light leaves the sun and 8
minutes later strikes earth.
4. __________________: You burn your tongue
eating hot pizza.
5. __________________: Hot magma rises inside
earth’s mantle, cool, and sinks.
6. __________________: A microwave oven heats soup.
7. __________________: A fireplace warming a room.
The term “Joule” is
named after English
Scientist James Prescott
Joule who lived from
1818 to 1889. He
discovered that Heat is a
type of Energy!
1,000 joules =1 kilojoule =
1 Btu
Measuring Specific Heat
Energy can be measures in
many different ways. Typical
units include:
Joules
____________________,
_________________,
Watts &
___________________
calories
Specific Heat
The higher the
Specific heat…
The more energy is
needed to raise the
temperature
Specific Heat
Quantity of heat needed
to raise
One gram of any
Substance by
1 degree Celsius
Water (liquid) = _____

Iron (Fe) = _____

Copper (Cu) = _____

Dry air = _____

Lead (Pb) = _____

A.Which spoon would heat up faster when
placed in a bowl of very hot soup?
wooden spoon(or) a metal spoon?
Explain
your answer in terms of specific heat which
spoon has the lower specific heat and why?
2. Why do metals have lo
specific heats?
GOOGLE
_____________________
3) Why are pans made of
metals with low specific heats ?

Metals are good

Conductors. Theyhave
low specific heats.
Therefore they will heat
up quickly and cook
your food faster.
4. Which would water
Take more energy
to raise its Temperature?
water Or land?


6). Which material would

require the greatest amount

of heat energy ?
A. granite
B. ice
C. lead
D. iron
7. Which pan would you use
if you wanted to cook your food
quickly?

Cp =copper
0.38 iron

Cp = 0.45
 Make a Prediction
In the space provided, predict what
which cup will heat up fastest, the cup of
sand or the cup of water? Explain your
choice!
 Make a Prediction
In the space provided, predict what
which cup will heat up fastest, the black
cup or the silver cup? Explain your
choice!
PHASES OF Matter:
Matter is anything
made of atoms and
molecules. LIVING
OR NONLIVING
A) SOLID

B) LIQUID

C)
GAS
 Motion How is it Does it have Volume?
(Kinetic bonded? A definite
energy) shape?
Little
Soli K.E.
Molecules Stron ye ye
d vibrate
g s s
More Not
Liqui K.E.
Molecules bonde n ye
d move
freely d o s
rigidly
Ga Most
n n
K.E. Not
s Molecules
o o
move
fast
bonde
d
What is matter?___________
________________________
________________________
Name 10 examples of matter-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
What is NON matter?_______
________________________
________________________
Name 10 examples of NONMATTER
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
INSERT 3 IMAGES OF MATTER
& 3 IMAGES OF NONMATTER
What are the changes of phase called?
COPY
below MELTIN

soli G
liqui
FREEZIN
d G d
VAPORIZATIO

liqui N ga
d CONDENSATIO
s
ENERGY IS RELEASED (lost)
DURING:

COPY
below FREEZIN LIQUID
SOLID
G
CONDENSATIO
LIQUID
N GA
S
from higher K.E. to lower K.E.
3. ENERGY IS ABSORBED (gained)
DURING:

COPY
below
MELTING
SOLID LIQUID

VAPORIZATIO
LIQUIDN GA
S
from lower K.E To higher K.E.
 Heating Curve of
Water

VAPORIZATION
10 STEA
CONDENSATIO M
0
N
temp
0C
WATE
MELT R
FREEZ
0 E
IC
E
HEAT ENERGY ADDED
(Joules)
The Earth is always trying
to achieve Equilibrium
Energy is constantly being
re-distributed flowing
from source to sink
Problem 1 : Does temperature change
NO!!!!
during a phase change? ___________
Explain:
The energy gained by boiling water or
melting ice is stored as latent heat.
Likewise this latent heat is released to
the environment during condensation
and freezing. This absorbed or
released heat is used to change the
phase not the temperature.
Problem 2: How many Joules of heat
energy must be added to 20 grams of
ice at 0 C to melt it completely to
liquid water at 0 C? Show All work.:
P∆= LH x Mass
P∆= 334J/g x 20g
P∆= 6680 J
3. The most energy is released
during which phase change?
4: The most energy is
condensation
absorbed during which phase change:
5. Which phase has the
most K.E.?
Vaporization

GAS (STEAM)
 MELTING /
E EARTH SCIENCE REFERENCE TABLE:
FREEZING
Energy is
absorbed
+ 334 J/gram

00 - 334 J/gram 00
C Energy is C
released
 VAPORIZATION
/
CONDENSATIO
Energy is
absorbed
+2260
N
J/g

1000 -2260 1000 C

C Energy is
J/g
released
The Earth
Receives
Energy
from
two sources:
SUN
Radioactive
Energy

COR
E
 Electromagnetic
All matter radiates some_____________
Energy
_____________
AL
L
 ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM:
REFERENCE TABLE PAGE 14

10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0

10 2
10
4

gamma X ray Microwaves

Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves

Increasingwavelength
ecreasingwavelength

visible

Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange

 Each type of energy differs
in its wavelength
__________
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0
10 2
10
4

gamma X ray Microwaves

Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves

Increasingwavelength
ecreasingwavelength

visible

Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange

 Read about Waves!
A wavelength is the distance between
two crests of the wave.
Frequency is defined as a
number of cycles per unit time.
1. Explain the diagram above in no more than 3 sentences: ________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Which types of electromagnetic energy have the greatest and least amount of energy? (Highest
temperatures vs. lowest temperatures)
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

3. How are the different types of electromagnetic energy distinguished from one another?
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

4. What types of electromagnetic energy are between Microwaves and X-Rays?

___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

5. Explain how Gamma Rays and X-Rays are different and similar?
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. Why do you think you wear a lead shield when you have an X-Ray?
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. Based on the electromagnetic spectrum why do you think UV rays are dangerous to human health?
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
 VISIBLE
The Sun gives off light and heat in the
U
form of _________________ and
__________________ electromagnetic
energy. V
However, the short
wavelengths
(dangerous UV
GAMM
radiation) are mostly A
absorbed by the
OZON
ozone so they don’t E
reach earth’s surface
 stratosphere
The Ozone layer is found in the
_________________ layer of the atmosphere.
 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0
10 2
10
4

gamma X ray Microwaves

Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves

Increasingwavelength
ecreasingwavelength

visible

Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange

SHORT
WAVE LENGTHS ARE MOSTLY
ABSORBED by THE OZONE IN
THE STRATOSPHERE
gamma, x-rays,
U
V

OZON
E
This energy is absorbed by
Earth’s surface, which in turn
reradiates the energy in the
form of heat called
________________ radiation
infrared
VISIBLE LIGHT :
PASSES THROUGH
THE
ATMOSPHERE
WITH THE
GREATEST OZON
INTENSITY E
 Sun emits
all
Infrared
: energy that
Heat wavelengths
Earth re-radiates
 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0
10 2
10
4

gamma X ray Microwaves

Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves

Increasingwavelength
ecreasingwavelength

visible

Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange

How does too
Much CO contribute to
Global 2warming?
CO
H20 VAPOR2
INFRARE
METHANE D
GAS

CO2 absorbs
infrared
Interactions between Electromagnetic
Energy & The Environment:
1 ABSORBTION - UV ABSORBED by
. OZONE IN STRATOSPHERE
2 INFRARED ABSORBED BY CO2&H2O vapor
. REFLECTION - BY CLOUDS, ICE,
methane, nitrous oxide

3 SCATTERING SNOW & WATER

.
REFRACTION - BY AEROSOLS,
4
. TRANSMISSION
WATER DROPLETS, ICE CRYSTALS,
5 AIR POLLUTANTS, DUST, POLLEN
. LIGHT IS BENT AS IT
MOVES THROUGH
VARIED DENSITIES
WHEN ENERGY
PASSES THROUGH
A MEDIUM
 Do Now: Turn to page 15 in
your note packet, start filling
in the blanks
1.
ABSORPTION
2.
REFLECTION
3.SCATTERIN
G
4.
REFRACTION
5.
 half

Less than
______of the
Do Now
Ditto On Do Now Desk
Sit Quietly in your Assigned
seats
Take out HW Worksheet
Smile its Friday!
Surface properties of the Earth and
Absorption of Energy:
Reflection vs. Absorption & Radiation

Color:
Light (white) reflects
Texture
dark (black) absorbs

:
Rough surface absorbs
smooth surface reflects
Absorption
Good absorbers are also good re-radiators.

What type of surface is the best absorber?

What type of surface is the best reflector of radiation?

Pavement warms
before grassy lawns.
Snow and Ice reflect
Lig
Dark ht insolation and remain
Rough cold.
Shi
 ELECTROMAGNETIC
SPECTRUM:
LAB
10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10 0
10 2
10
4

gamma X ray Microwaves

Ultra Infrared
violet
Radio waves

Increasingwavelength
ecreasingwavelength

visible

Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange

Spectroscope
Lab
 Greenhouse Effect

Short wavelength visible light enters the greenhouse, is

absorbed, then re-radiated as longer wavelength infrared
What is Global Warming?

increase in the
An ___________
Earth’s Average
surface air
temperature
THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
 THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

HEAT IS
TRAPPED BY
THE GLASS
OF
THE
GREENHOUS Incoming is
E
Short wave
outgoing is
Ex: Visible
Longer
light
wave
Infrared
Energy absorbed
* Short wave radiation like
Visiblepasses
___________ light
through the glass of a
greenhouse and is
_______________ by the
objects inside
absorbed the
greenhouse.
* These objects
reradiate the
__________________
energy as
____________________,
infrared Long Wave Radiation
which get reflected back
into the greenhouse and
warms the air.
* In Earth’s atmosphere,
there are many gases that
act like the glass of a
greenhouse and ________
long-wave
trap radiation,
keeping it in the Earth’s
Atmosphere. These are
known as…
Greenhouse
Gases!
Greenhouse Effect
CO2and H2O absorb infrared
that is re-radiated from the
surface of the Earth. Therefore,
holding that heat in the
atmosphere and raising the
global temperature.
What are the Greenhouse gases?

H20 VAPOR CO
2

METHANE
GAS INFRARE
D
Ozone
CFCs
Without some greenhouse
gases, the Earth would be too
_____________cold
for us to
survive. But an overload of
greenhouse gases creates a
problem as well!
How does too
Much CO contribute to
Global 2warming?
CO
H20 VAPOR2
INFRARE
METHANE D
GAS

CO2 absorbs
infrared
Greenhouse Effect
What human activities contribute
to CO2 production and an increase
in the greenhouse effect?

Burning of fossil
fuels
Global
If present trends continue possible
effects may include
Rising sea levels due to melting polar ice
caps;
Increasing frequency and severity of
storms and hurricanes;
More frequent heat waves and
droughts; and
Relocation of major crop growing areas.
 Which of the following best represents
the type of energy
received by the Earth
and the re-emitted by the Earth?

A B c
 Which of the following best represents
the type of energy
received by the Earth
and the re-emitted by the Earth?

A B c
WHICH TYPE OF ENERGY IS
REPRESENTED
BY THE RADIATION AT B?

A) INSOLATION
C) VISIBLE LIGHT
B) ULTRAVIOLET

B
A
D) INFRARED
ENERGY
WHICH TYPE OF ENERGY IS
REPRESENTED
BY THE RADIATION AT B?

A) INSOLATION
C) VISIBLE LIGHT
B) ULTRAVIOLET

B
A
D) INFRARED
ENERGY
What is a NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
An energy resource
that is _______________________________________.

Being used faster than

Earth Produces it
What is a NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?

Examples:
__________________
Fossil Fuels, minerals
What is a NON-RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
To make our non-renewable resources last longer we can
_____________________________________________.

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
 What is a RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
An energy resource
that is _______________________________________.

Earth supplies faster

than we use it
“unlimited”
 What is a RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?

Examples:
_______________________________
Solar, wind, biomass
(trees etc..)
 What is a RENEWABLE
RESOURCE?
A renewable resource produces less _________ (substance
that can harm living things and/or the environment

pollution
 Look at the pie graph!!!
Only 7% of our energy consumption is
from renewable resources!!! Try to
make little changes in your life to reduce
your dependence on Non-Renewable
Resources!
What do you plan to do?