INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL

WASTE WATER IN SANGANER AREA IN
JAIPUR CITY
Sagar Mittal,Bharat Nagar, Mukesh Choudhary

Abstract— Six textile industries have been selected in Sanganer region based on field analysis and characterization studies. Textile effluent is collected
from these selected industries and characterized various parameters particularly BOD, COD, TDS, sulphide, sulphate, chloride, hardness, alkalinity,
magnesium and calcium. These parameters are major pollution indicator.
The effluent is dark colored with alkaline pH. The values of BOD and COD are found to be higher than Central Pollution Control Board Standards.The
concentration of total dissolved solid are observed to be higher than 5000 mg/L. The effluent also contains high concentration of sulphate, sulphide,
chloride, calcium and magnesium, which are responsible for higher hardness of waste water. The results showed that, the textile industries under study
area emanate effluent containing pollution indicator parameters considerably higher than standards stipulated by Central Pollution Control Board. Based
on these characteristics, it’s urged that the effluent is not be appropriate for discharge into atmosphere without treatment.

Keywords— Textile effluent, Characterization, Standards, Indicator, Concentration.

——————————  ——————————
I. INTRODUCTION
Environmental pollution due to different types of industries is
one of the crucial problem presently facing the India and all
over the world. Textile industries are major sources of
Environmental pollution. As the textile industries consume
large quantities of water and generates waste water in
proportionate order. Moreover the dyes used in textile
industry are play an important role of environmental pollution.
It poses serious problems because of its strong color, high
COD, BOD and low biodegradability. On the basis of waste
generation the textile industries can be classified into two
groups dry and wet fabric industry[1]. In dry fabric industries,
solid wastes are generated and in wet fabric industries, liquid
wastes are generated. Wet fabric processing industry
includes, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dying,
printing and finishing stages. Textile industry is one of the
important and largest industrial sector in Jaipur city and also
important for the economy of Jaipur. The climatic condition of
Jaipur city is dry and hot. This weather is typically suitable
for the textile processing and ultimately for the growth of
textile industries. Out of total industries in sanganer area
jaipur about 80% are textile units. It is seen that these
industries discharges huge amount of effluent directly into
public drain and on open space.The aimed of present
research work is characterization of waste water with the
help of various pollution indicator parameters like pH, BOD,
COD, TDS, sulphide, sulphate, hardness, alkalinity, calcium
and magnesium. It is also aimed to assess the pollution
potential due to effluent discharged by textile industries in
Jaipur city.
 Dr. Bharat Nagar, Professor, civil engineering Department,
Jagannath University,Jaipur,PH-9829540741.
II. EXPERIMENTAL
A. Material and methods
Study area selected is Sanganer Area situated at East
region of Jaipur city. Six textile industries are selected at
different places in Sanganer Area. Waste water generated
from these industries is collected.
B. Sampling of effluent
The representative effluent samples are collected
separately with one hour interval in working period of each
industry i.e. 10.00 am to 5.00 pm. Samples collected from
every industry are mixed singly. These samples are
considered as composite sample and used for
characterization study.
C. Preservation of sample
Samples are preserved by refrigeration at 4oC without
chemical addition. All the parameters are determined soon
after sampling.
D. Sample analysis
The physico-chemical and biological parameters are
analyzed as per the method described in Standard Methods
for the examination of water and waste water [2]. pH is
determined by potentiometrically, biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD) is determined at standard temperature 20oC
for 5 days by dilution method, chemical oxygen demand
(COD) by closed refluxed method, total dissolved solid
(TDS) by gravimetric method, sulphide by titration method,
sulphate is determined by turbidometric method, chloride is
determined by argentometric method. Total hardness,
alkalinity, calcium and magnesium are determined
titrimatrically.

__________________

 Sagar Mittal, M.Tech research scholar, department of civil

engineering Jagannath university Jaipur, PH-8290562227. E-mail:
sagarmittal30@gmail.com

5372
IJSTR©2020
www.ijstr.org
 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

STD.
120
Magnesium
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
100 Magnesium
Table 1: Characterization of the effluents from six
80
textile industries
Paramet Industr Industr Industr Industr Industr Industr CPCB
ers y y y y y y Standards
60
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
pH 8.10 7.95 9.90 8.54 8.90 9.20 6.9 40
BOD 390 220 350 550 290 480 30
COD 690 591 866 1688 981 1749 250 20
TDS 4896 5312 8072 6336 6752 4264 2000
Sulphid 18 32 36 30 79 16 2 0
e I[1] I[2] I[3] I[4] I[5] I[6]
Sulphat 440 560 620 912 850 545 NA
e
Chlorid 1700 1255 2850 1550 2100 960 500
e
Total 750 450 370 680 400 801 NA
Hardne
ss 2000 STD. COD
Alkalinit 500 630 480 640 510 700 NA 1800
y COD
1600
Calciu 276 172 212 325 404 128 75
m 1400
Magne 90 68 78 104 110 83 50 1200
sium 1000
Phosph 3.91 1.39 1.6 3.9 4.5 10.4 NA
ate 800
600
In the Table all the values except pH are in mg/L, 400
NA-Not Available. 200
The average characteristics of effluent from six different 0
textile industries and limits prescribed by CPCB are given in I[1] I[2] I[3] I[4] I[5] I[6]
Table 1 and the variation of concentration of various
parameters of industrial effluent are given in Fig. 1.
Highly colored liquid effluents are observed under study
area. The pH of the effluents is varied from 7.95 to 9.90.
This indicate that the effluents from textile industries under
study area are alkaline in nature. The values are observed to 600 STD. BOD
be higher than the standard prescribed by Central Pollution
Control Board (CPCB) of effluent discharge. Higher pH is 500 BOD
due to use of chemicals like NaoCl, NaOH, Surfactant and
sodium phosphate. 400

300
450 STD. Calcium 200
400 Calcium
350 100
300
250 0
200 I[1] I[2] I[3] I[4] I[5] I[6]
150
100
50
0
I[1] I[2] I[3] I[4] I[5] I[6]

5373
IJSTR©2020
www.ijstr.org
 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

present investigation, the concentration of sulphide is in the

ranges from 16 to 79 mg/L and average value is found to be
12 STD. pH 36 mg/L, which is about 18 times higher than CPCB
standards. Hydrogen sulphide is commonly originates in
pH water owning to the decomposition of organic matter or
10
bacterial reduction of sulphate under anaerobic condition [10].
8 The chloride levels are more than the limits of CPCB, values
lies between 960 to 2850 mg/L, higher chloride concentration
6 is responsible for increase in total dissolved solids. The
values of total hardness and alkalinity are ranging from 400 to
4 750 mg/L and 480 to 700 mg/L. The level of calcium and
magnesium in the effluent are quite high. The average
2 amount of calcium and magnesium are 252 mg/L and 89
mg/L. It is higher than CPCB standards.
0
I[1] I[2] I[3] I[4] I[5] I[6] ACKNOWLEDGMENT
My sincere thanks to CEG Test House and Research
Centre PVT.LTD. for analytical support for this research
work.

9000 STD. TDS REFERENCES

[1] C.M. Noorjahan., Physico-chemical Characterization of
8000 TDS Untreated Textile Effluent and its Effects on
7000 Biochemical Constituents of Fresh Water Fish, Tilapia
Mossambica, ISRJ, I (V), 1-11 (2011).
6000
[2] Jeeva Anbuselvam, Arun Sridhar, Mohan Anbuselvam,
5000 Subramanian Periyasamy, Effect of Textile Waste
4000 Water Irrigation on Seed Germination, Plant Growth,
Biomass, and Crop Yield in Green Gram Seeds (Vigna
3000
radiate(L)Wilczez) Under Plating Technique and Pot
2000 Experiment, IOSR Journal of Environmental Science,
1000 Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-
ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 10,
0 Issue 5 Ver. I (May. 2016).
I[1] I[2] I[3] I[4] I[5] I[6] [3] APHA, Standard Method for Examination of Water and
Wastewater, American Public Health Association,
Washington, 19th Edition (2001).
[4] Ikhu-Omoregbe Daniel, K. Kaipa Pardon, Muzenda
Edison and Mohamed Belaid, Characterization of
Effluent from Textile Wet Finishing Operations,
Fig. 1: The variation of the concentration of various Proceeding of the World Congress on Engineering and
parameters of industrial effluent. Computer Science, Vol. I, 20-22 (2009).
The solid straight line represents the standard value of the [5] S. A. Paul, S. K. Chavan and S. D. Khambe, Studies on
parameters recommended by CPCB characterization of textile industrial waste water in
Solapur city, Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 10(2), 2012, 635-642.
Concentration of organic pollutant [6] Chhotu Ram,Ravi Kant Pareek and Varinder Singh,
indicator: Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye by Using
All the six textile industrial effluents contain BOD value Titanium Dioxide Nanocatalyst, International Journal of
between 220 to 550 mg/L and average value is found to be Theoretical & Applied Sciences, 4(2): 82-88(2012)
380 mg/L, this value is higher than prescribed standards [7] Ravi Kant Pareek , Dr. Ambrina S. Khan , Dr. Prateek
stipulated by CPCB. The value of COD of given textile Srivastava , Dr. Surendra Roy, Water Pollution
effluent ranging from 591 to 1749 mg/L and average value is Assessment of Ghahhar River, International Journal of
1094 mg/L, which is also higher than CPCB standards. Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science
Total dissolved solid of given textile effluent is in between (IJTIMES), Volume 5, Special Issue 03, March-2019.
4264 and 8072 mg/L and average value is 5938 mg/L, which [8] P. Manikandan, P. N. Palanisamy , R. Baskar,
is higher than CPCB standards of effluent discharge. In all, P.Sivakumar and P.Sakthisharmila,Physico Chemical
the effluents sulphate concentration varied from 440 to 912 Analysis Of Textile Industrial Effluents From Trrupur
mg/L. The average value was found to be 654 mg/L. City, Tamilnadu, India, IJARSE, Vol. No.4, Issue No.02,
Sulphate is an important anion imparting hardness of water. It February 2015.
may undergo transformation to sulphur or hydrogen sulphide [9] Gomathi Elango, Rathika G and Santhini Elango,
depending largely upon the redox potential of water. In Physico-Chemical Parameters of Textile Dyeing

5374
IJSTR©2020
www.ijstr.org
 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

Effluent and Its Impacts with Casestudy, Int. J. Res.

Chem. Environ. Vol. 7 Issue 1 (17-24) January 2017.
[10] Mohamed A. Hassaan , Ahmed El Nemr, Advanced
Oxidation Processes for Textile Wastewater Treatment,
International Journal of Photochemistry and
Photobiology 2017; 1(1): 27-35.
[11] Sughosh Madhav, Arif Ahamad, Pardeep Singh,
Pradeep Mishra, A review of textile industry: Wet
processing, environmental impacts, and effluent
treatment methods,Environ Qual Manage 2018; 27:31-
41 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/tqem.
[12] David Noel S and Rajan MR,Impact of Dyeing Industry
Effluent on Groundwater Quality by Water Quality Index
and Correlation Analysis, J Pollut Eff Cont , ISSN:
3275-4397 JPE, Volume 2 Issue 2,2014.

5375
IJSTR©2020
www.ijstr.org