BT18304-Biochemistry (Theory)

B. Tech II Year III Sem

Session 1: Introduction about Carbohydrate
and their classification

By
Dr. K. Ganesh Prasath
Assistant Professor
Department of Biotechnology
 Overview
• Carbohydrates • Proteins

BIOCHEMISTRY

• Lipids • Enzymes

• Bioenergetics
 Unit-I Carbohydrates
• Classification and Biological Significance of
Carbohydrate
• Metabolic pathways of Carbohydrates
 Glycolysis
 Gluconeogenesis
 HMP Pathway
 Citric acid cycle
 Objectives

Understand the basics of carbohydrates and

its classifications

Conversion of complex to simple sugars

Metabolism of sugars to the energy

 Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are widely distributed in plants and animals.

 In plants, glucose is synthesized by photosynthesis and

stored as starch
 Animals can synthesize carbohydrate from lipid glycerol
and amino acids
Complex food to simple sugar
 Functions of Carbohydrates

Energy stores &

fuels

Structural framework
of RNA and DNA
Structural elements
in bacterial and
plant cell wall

cell-cell
recognition
process

Carbohydrates
Classifications of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Subdivision of Monosacchrides
Number of
Functional
carbon
group
atoms
 Various examples of Monosacchrides

Aldoses Ketoses
Name Formula (Aldo sugars) (Keto sugars)

Dihydroxyacetone
Trioses C3H6O3 Glycerose

Tetroses C4H8O4 Erythrose Erythrulose

Ribulose
Pentoses C5H10O5 Ribose

Fructose
Hexoses C6H12O6 Glucose

Sodoheptulose
Heptoses C7H14O7 Glucoheptose
 Oligosaccharides
 Compound sugars
 Contains 2 to 10 molecules
 Yields same or different monosaccharides on hydrolysis.
Classification of Oligosaccharides
Stachyose - α-Galactose (1–6)+ α-Galactose
(1–6) + α-Glucose (1–2) + β-Fructose
Verbascose - α-Galactose (1–6) + α-Galactose (1–6)
+α-Galactose (1–6) + α-Glucose (1–2) +β-Fructose
 Polysaccharides
 Compound sugars
 Yield more than 10 molecules of
monosaccharides on hydrolysis.
 Their general formula is (C6H10O5)x

Starch, Glycogen, Inulin,

Cellulose, Pectin, Chitin
polysaccharides
Hydrolysis of

Homopolysaccharides

Heteropolysaccharides
pneumococcus type III,
Hyaluronic acid, Chondrotin.