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Science
Quarter 2 – SLEM 1
Microscopy

1
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while
enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of
this kit. Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated on every page of this module.
2. Write in your notebook the concepts that you learned. Writing enhances learning and helps
you keep in mind what is important
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/ guardian assess your answers using the answer key.
5. Enjoy studying.

PARTS OF THIS MODULE

Development Team of the
● Expectations-
SLeM Writer:These
Maria are what G.
Lourdes youCoronacion
will learn after completing the lessons in the module.
● Pre-test – This will measure what you already know about the concepts to be mastered
Format Evaluator:
throughout the lesson.Joan B. Callope
● Looking
LanguageBack to your
Editor: Lesson-
Edita This section will measure what learning’s and skills you
R. Gravador
gained from the previous lesson.
Content Evaluators: Carlo Victorio L.
● Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.
● Galag
Activities- This is a set of activities you will perform.
● Remember- This sectionBabie summarizes
Noreen the concepts and applications of the lessons.
P. Clemente

Check your Understanding- It will check what you have learned from the lessons.
Krisel C. Gomez
● Post-test- This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module.
Reviewer: Babie Noreen P. Clemente
Management Team:
School Head: Dr. Eladio H. Escolano
Department Chairperson: Babie Noreen P.
Clemente Subject LR Coordinator: Haydee I.
Añonuevo School LR Coordinator: Maricel S. Oliva

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 Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
Identify parts of the microscope and their functions. S7LT-IIa-1

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

● Lesson 1 – History of the Microscope
● Lesson 2 – Parts and Functions of the Microscope and How to Use a microscope

Lesson 1: History of the Microscope

Expectations

Specifically, this module will help you to discuss the history of microscope and
its uses.

Let us start your journey in learning the basics about the Microscope. I am sure you are
ready and excited to answer the Pretest. Smile and cheer up

Pre-Test
Matching Type: Match Column A with Column

Column A Column B
1. Father of Microscopy A. Robert Hooke
2. Developed the first concept of microscope B. 6x – 10x
3. Device that helps to view and magnify objects C. Hans and Christian Janssen
that are not visible to the naked eye. D. microscope
4. Magnification of the first compound microscope E. Anton van Leuwenhoek
developed in the 1590’s. F. 50x – 250

5. He coined the term “cell” and made a microscope

in 1665.

My Answered:

1. E 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A

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 Looking Back
Previously you have learned that matter can be classified as Pure substances or
Mixtures. Pure substances are either element or compound while mixtures can be
homogenous and heterogenous.

Direction: Classify the given illustration as to whether each refers to Element. Compound, or
Mixture.
ILLUSTRATION CLASSIFICATION ILLUSTRATION CLASSIFICATION
Compound Mixture

1 3

ILLUSTRATION CLASSIFICATION ILLUSTRATION CLASSIFICATION

Element Compound

2 4

Source: Images from creative commons

It is nice to know that you can still remember that lesson.

Brief Introduction
Microscopy is the use of microscopes to view objects that cannot normally be seen
by the unaided eye. Microscope, the most important tool in the field of biology allows
scientists to examine specimen in more detail, whether the specimen is a biological sample, a
plant, or a crystal structure.
As the microscopes are improved, the magnification is enhanced, thus the torch of curiosity
and the desire to search for new ideas and new organisms flared. Microscopes are very helpful
especially in the field of health and science. But what is interesting to know is that there are other
fields that make use of microscope.

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Timeline of microscope technology
1590 – Early microscope. The father and son tandem of Zacharias and Hans Janssen placed
multiple lenses in a tube. They noticed that viewed objects at the fore of the tube appear
considerably enlarged. This was the precursor of the compound microscope and the telescope.
The early simple “microscopes” were really magnifying glasses only and had one power ,
usually about 6X - 10X.
1609 – Compound microscope. Galileo Galilei advanced the development of a compound
microscope with a convex and a concave lens.
1625 – First adoption of term ‘microscope’. Giovanni Faber devised the name ‘microscope’ for
Galileo Galilei’s compound microscope.
1665 – First adoption of term ‘cells’ English physicist Robert Hooke published Micrographia, and
thought of the term ‘cells’ in describing tissue. The book enfolded drawings of hairs on a nettle and
the honeycomb structure of cork. He used a simple, single-lens microscope lighted up by a candle.
1676 – Living cells first observed. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek built a simple microscope with one
lens to study blood, yeast and insects. He was the first to characterize cells and bacteria. He
formulated new methods for making lenses that provided magnifications of up to 270 times.
1846 — Carl Zeiss founded Carl Zeiss AG, responsible for mass-production of microscopes and
other optical instruments.
1931 — Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska developed the first transmission electron microscope (TEM)
that blown past the optical limitations of the light microscope.

Other Uses of Microscope in Science

Microscopes are used in many other areas of study.

Geologists use microscopes to probe rocks and minerals and other earth materials.

Scientists use them to examine plastics and polymers.

Engineers utilize microscopes to investigate surface properties and structures of metals.

Microscopes are employed to analyze tissues, to examine forensic evidences, to
determine the health of an ecosystem and to study the role of protein within a cell.

Activity 1: Create a Timeline

Create a Timeline in your notebook. You may find a sample of a simple Timeline below.
Your Timeline will be graded according to a Rubric (See” Annex” page).

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 Year Person Contribution
Involved

Example: 1621 Cornelis Drebbel presents in London a

compound microscope with
a convex objective and a
convex eyepiece
(a "Keplerian" microscope).

1590' Hans & Zacharias Janssen This contributed to “The Cell

Theory” by making it easier
and more practical whilst
observing cells.

1665 Robert Hooke The discovery of cells while

looking at a thin slice of cork.
He then thought that cells only
exist in plants and fungi.

1666 Anton van Leeuwenhoek The improvement of the

microscope and for his
contributions towards the
establishment of microbiology.

1902 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy The ultra-microscope and

used the device to make
numerous discoveries
regarding the nature of
colloids.

1933 Ernst Ruska Discovered that a magnetic

coil could be used as a lens
for electron beams.

Remember
Many breakthroughs in biology are brought about by the invention of different kinds of
microscope from the simple microscope to the compound microscope and to the
invention of the powerful electron microscope. We should be grateful to the Janssen duo, Galileo,
Robert Hooke, Anton van Leuwenhoek and to all the other people who worked for the possible
advancements of the microscope.

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 Checking Your Understanding
Demonstrate understanding by sharing your idea on this thru an Essay in 300
words.
Theme: “How important is the use of microscope in this pandemic?

Post-Test
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write answers in your notebook.

1. Who developed the concept of the first microscope?

A. Robert Brown C. Robert Hooke
B. Galileo D. Hans and Zacharias Janssen
2. Who was the first to make and use a real microscope and was also named as the Father
of Microscopy?
A. Robert Brown C. Hans and Zacharias Janssen
B. Robert Hooke D. Anton Van Leuwenhoek
3. What is the device/instrument which helps to view and magnify object that are not visible to
the naked eye?
A. camera C. pinhole camera
B. microscope D. telescope
4. What was the magnification of the first compound microscope in the 1590s?
A. 6x - 10x C. 50x - 250x
B. 10 x - 100 x D. 70x - 275x
5. Who coined the term “cell” and made a microscope in 1665?
A. Robert Brown C. Hans and Zacharias Janssen
B. Robert Hooke D. Anton Van Leuwenhoek

- - - - - -End of lesson 1- - - - -

Lesson 2: Parts of the Microscope and their Functions and How

To Use a Microscope

Expectations
Specifically, this module will help you to:
1. identify the parts and analyze the functions of the different parts of a microscope.
2. identify the basic microscope techniques and rules to follow

Let us start your journey in learning more about the parts of a microscope. I am sure you
are ready and excited to answer the Pre-test. Smile and cheer up!

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 Pre-Test
A. Parts and Functions of a microscope.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which part of the microscope controls the amount of light passing through the slide?
A. Diaphragm B. Ocular lens C. Objective lens D. Stage
2. Which part of the microscope should you hold when lifting or moving the microscope?
A. Arm and Base C. Objectives
B. The base and the stage D. Eyepiece and Body tube
For nos.3 and 4, look at the image of a microscope in the diagram.
3. Identify which part is the stage, and what source of light illuminates the object being viewed
with this microscope?

A. B is the stage, and the object is illuminated by sunlight.

B. A is the stage and the object is illuminated by a light bulb.
C. C is the stage and the object is illuminated by sunlight.
D. C is the stage and the object is illuminated by a light bulb.
4. Which parts in the diagram combine to give a magnified view of a small organism?
A. B and C B. A and B C. A and C D. None
5. What do you call the lens that is within the eyepiece of the light microscope?
A. scanning C. high power
B. low power D. ocular
B. How to Use a microscope
Direction: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is
incorrect. Write your answers in your notebook.
6. When focusing it is best to start with the low power.
7. When viewing a specimen, start focusing with the fine adjustment knob then fine tune using
the coarse adjustment knob.
8. The arm and the base are the parts of the microscope you should hold when lifting and
transporting the microscope.
9. You may lower the objectives by using the coarse adjustment knob. Remember to look at the
side while lowering the objectives.
10. Do not place the specimen on the stage.
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. True
10.False
Looking Back
Identify the person behind each contribution

Person Involved Contribution

Hans and Zacharias Janssen
Anton van Leuwenhoek
Robert Hooke
Galileo Galilei
1. Developed the first concept of a microscope.
2. First to make and use a real microscope and was also
named as the Father of Microscopy?
3. Coined the term “cell” and made a microscope in 1665
4. Advanced the development of a compound microscope
with a convex and a concave lens.

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Ernst Ruska 5. Developed the first transmission electron microscope
(TEM) that has blown past the optical limitations of the light
microscope.

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 Brief Introduction
Microscopes have transformed science with their ability to enlarge small objects such
as microbial cells, producing images with clear structures that are recognizable and well-defined.
They consist of structural parts for holding and supporting the microscope and its components and
also the optical parts which are used for magnification and viewing of the image of the specimen.
Parts of the microscope can be classified into three: mechanical, magnifying and illuminating.
Mechanical parts of the microscope prop up and protect the other parts, while illuminating parts
supply light and the magnifying parts increases the image of the object or the specimen.

Here is a microscope with the major parts

named. You may use this to help you
familiarize yourself with the parts of the
microscope.

Source of image:

https://www.facebook.com/Abobek-Royal-Veterinary-Clinic-and-Livestock-Farm-107871907545426/photos/
pcb.133213728344577/133213601677923/

Activity 2: Color and Label Me!

PARTS COLOR CODE PARTS COLOR CODE PARTS COLOR CODE

Arm black Coarse gray Stage Clips Silver

Adjustment
Nosepiece yellow Fine dark green Objectives violet
Adjustment
Eyepiece green Stage red Base Blue
Use the word list to help you label the microscope. Then color the parts based on the assigned
Color Code. Use your notebook as your answer sheet.

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Source: https://www.enchantedlearning.com/devices/microscope/label/

How to Use a Microscope

It is imperative and of paramount importance to understand the best practices in handling
and using the microscope. It is not as difficult as it may look- in fact, these steps will help you
immediately become at ease and skillful at using the microscope

STEPS IN USING THE MICROSCOPE

1. Set your microscope on a table top with the arm toward you.
2. Now, look through the eyepiece and adjust the illuminator (or mirror) and diaphragm for the
greatest amount of light.
3. Turn the revolving nosepiece so that the low power objective lens is clicked into position.
Always start with either the 4x or 10x objective.
4. Place a microscope slide on the stage and fasten it with the stage clips.
5. Look at the objective lens and the stage from the side and turn the coarse focus knob so
that the objective lens moves downward. Move it as far as it will go without touching the
slide.
6. Move the slide around so that the image is in the center of the field of view and readjust the
mirror or diaphragm for the clearest image.
7. Switch to the high-power objective lens, look at the microscope from the side. Carefully
revolve the nosepiece until the high-power objective lens clicks into place. Use only the fine
focus control when focusing the higher power objectives (40x or 100 x) on a slide.
Objectives are fragile and must not be rammed into slides. NEVER USE THE COARSE
FOCUS WITH THE HIGHER POWER OBJECTIVES
8. Looking through the eyepiece, turn the fine adjustment knob until the specimen comes into
focus.
9. The proper way to use a monocular microscope is to look through the eyepiece with one eye
closed and keep the other eye open (this helps avoid eye strain). Remember, when you
move the slide to the right, the image goes to the left.
10. When finished, raise the tube (or lower the stage), return objectives to low power lens and
remove the slide.
Take Note:

Do not touch the glass part of the lenses with your fingers. Use only special lens paper to
clean the lenses.

Always keep your microscope covered when not in use.

Always carry a microscope with both hands. Grasp the arm with one hand and place the
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other hand under the base for support.

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 Activity 3: Do’s and Don’ts of Using the
Microscope
Directions: Write DO if the statement suggests the proper way to manipulate the
microscope. Write DON’T if not. Write answers in your notebook.

DO 1. When transporting the microscope hold the arm with one hand and support the
base with the other hand.
DO 2. Before focusing, check for the amount of light entering the aperture, then adjust
the mirror and the diaphragm.
DO 3. In lowering the body tube use the coarse adjustment.
DO 4. The fine adjustment knob is used when the high-power objective is in focus.
DO 5. When lowering the objectives always look at the side.
DO 6. In using a monocular microscope always look at the eyepiece with both eyes
open.
DON’T 7. Let the objective lens touch the slide.
DON’T 8. Do not cover the microscope when not in use. Do not store them in microscope
bag because it will be difficult to get it to be used next time.
DO 9. Place a microscope slide on the stage and fasten it with the stage clips.
DO 10. Place the microscope on a table top with the arm toward you.

Remember

All of the parts of a microscope perform their functions collaboratively. From the light
source, light passes through the opening, through the slide and through the objective
lens where the image of the specimen is magnified or enlarged. Then the magnified image
continues up through the body tube of the microscope to the ocular which further magnifies
the image that the viewer sees.

Parts of the microscope can be grouped into three: mechanical, magnifying and
illuminating. Mechanical parts of the microscope give support and protection to the other
parts, while illuminating parts provide light and the magnifying parts enlarge the object or
the specimen.

Proper knowledge in manipulating, focusing and handling microscope is important to
ensure successful study and enjoyment in using the most important discovery in the field
of Microscopy.

Checking Your Understanding

I. CLOZE TEST: Fill in the blank with the appropriate words.

Word Hint: MirrorFine adjustmentCoarse adjustment EyepieceNosepieceDiaphragm

(1.) In a biology class, students viewed the specimen through the Eyepiece marked 10x.

(2.) They opened the Diaphragm to allow the light to pass through as reflected by the
(3.) Mirror to the specimen. They decided to use the LPO and then move the body tube using
(4.) Coarse adjustment .After focusing, they rotated the revolving nose piece again to use HPO with 40x
magnification. They further performed precise focusing on the specimen using
(5.) Fine adjustment .

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II. Resolve this. Answer briefly and use your notebook as your answer sheet.

A classmate of yours has just used the high-power objective but unfortunately the objective
has crashed into a prepared slide and broke it. What do you think went wrong with the use of
microscope? What could have been a better/correct way to do it?

Post-Test
Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which part of the microscope should you hold when lifting or moving the microscope?
A. Arm and Base C. Objectives
B. The base and the stage D. Eyepiece and Body tube
2. What do you call the lens that is within the eyepiece of the light microscope?
A. scanning C. high power
B. low power D. ocular
3. Which part of the microscope controls the amount of light passing through the slide?
A. Diaphragm B. Ocular lens C. Objective lens D. Stage

For nos.4 and 5, look at the image of a microscope in the diagram.

4. Identify which part is the stage, and what source of light illuminates the
object being viewed with this microscope?
A. B is the stage, and the object is illuminated by sunlight.
B. A is the stage and the object is illuminated by a light bulb.
C. C is the stage and the object is illuminated by sunlight.
D. C is the stage and the object is illuminated by a light bulb.
5.. Which parts in the diagram combine to give a magnified view of a small
organism?
A. B and C B. A and B C. A and C D. None
6. When using the high-power objective, which should not be adjusted?
A. coarse adjustment knob C. Fine adjustment knob
B. diaphragm D. Stage clips
7. Which part of the microscope should you hold when lifting or moving the microscope?
A. Arm and base C. Eyepiece and body tube
B. Base and stage D. Objectives
8. You are looking at an object under the microscope. What is the first step in focusing
the microscope?
A. Use the coarse adjustment on the highest power.
B. Use the fine adjustment on the highest power.
C. Use the coarse adjustment on the lowest power.
D. Use the fine adjustment on the lowest power.
9. Which parts of the microscope is used to sharpen the focus of the specimen?
A. Coarse adjustment knob C. Low power objective
B. Fine adjustment knob D. Ocular lens

10. If you look through the microscope and it looks dark, which one will not help?
A. checking the diaphragm C. adjusting the mirror or light
B. turning the coarse adjustment knob D. making sure the nosepiece is clicked into
place

- - - -- - -End of lesson 2- - - -

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 References
Science Learning Hub -History of Microscopy-timeline, 30 September 2016.
Retrieved from: https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1692-history-of-microscopy-
timeline on August 02, 2020

Microscope World- Microscope History-Who invented the Microscope? Copyright 2021

Retrieved from https://www.microscopeworld.com/t-history.aspx on August 02, 2020
History of Microscope. Retrieved from https://www.microscope.com/education-center/
microscopes-101/history-of- microscopes on August 03, 2020
Sciencing. Uses of Microscopes, © 2021 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media
Retrieved from https://sciencing.com/uses-of-microscopes-in-science-12194674.html on
August 04, 2020.

BSE-Department of Education, Sample Lesson Plan. Retrieved on August 07, 2020

from http://scnhs.weebly.com/uploads/3/2/7/4/3274916/unit_1 24-38.doc
Microscope Review-Multiple Choice, ©2007-2021 ReviewGameZone.com
Retrieved on August 10, 2020 from
https://reviewgamezone.com/mc/candidate/test/?test_id=5133

Science Worktext for Grade 7, Vol.3 No. 2, 2019

Images:
Retrieved on August 07, 2020 from
https://www.enchantedlearning.com/devices/microscope/label/ Retrieved on August 11, 2020 from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Microscope_diagram_1.png Retrieved from
https://www.facebook.com/Abobek-Royal-Veterinary-Clinic-and-Livestock-
Farm-107871907545426/photos/pcb.133213728344577/133213601677923/ on August 11, 2020

Answer Key
Lesson 1
Looking Back
1. Compound
2. Element
3. Mixture
4. Compound

Lesson 2 Check Your Understanding

I. Cloze Test:
1. Eyepiece
2. Diaphragm
3. Mirror
4. Coarse adjustment
5. Fine adjustment

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II. Resolve this:

Answer:
The student may have failed to look from the side while moving the HPO to focus on
the specimen, or he may have used the coarse adjustment knob to move down the HPO or he
may have moved the fine adjustment too fast and was not able to monitor the distance of the
objective from the slide. If he wanted to use the HPO, he could have looked from the side and
used the coarse adjustment knob to move the objective down. He should have stopped when the
objective has almost touched the slide. Then, looking through the eyepiece he should have slowly
turned the fine adjustment knob up or down until he sees the image clearly.

“Annex”
RUBRIC: Timeline on the History of Microscope
EXCELLENT VERY GOOD FAIR POOR
( 5 pts.) SATISFACTORY (3 pts.) (2 pts) (1 pt.)
(4 pts.)

Events
A concise A brief description A brief description Most Less than half
description for for each event is for each event is descriptions are are provided with
each event is included and is in included; however missing, a description
included and is in chronological the events are not incorrect for and/or not in
chronological order. order. in chronological several events chronological
order. and/or not in order.
chronological
order.

Significanc
e of The significance of The significance of Several events The significance Less than half of
Events each event is nearly all events are missing of most events the events are
explained in a clear, is explained in a the explanation is missing and/ explained in the
concise statement on brief statement on on significance an or reflects no timeline.
Why is this the timeline. the timeline. d/or thought.
event Significance makes Significance make significance reflect
important sense and reflects hi s sense and s little
to the gher thinking. reflects some thou thought or depth.
story? ght.

Grammar Timeline is
& Spelling Timeline has Timeline has no Timeline has 3 Timeline has 4+ difficult to read
no misspellings or more than two misspellings and/ misspellings an and understand
grammatical errors. misspellings and/ or grammatical d/or due to the
Well written or grammatical errors. grammatical amount of
and concise. errors. errors. grammatical/
spelling errors.
Presentati Timeline has Most of timeline
on & Impressive timeline. Overall quality of areas which revea reflects a lack of A clear lack of
Quality Neatly organized. timeline about la effort. Not effort throughout.
Exceeds the quality the same as other lack of effort. engaging or Far below the
of other timelines. timelines. Slightly below interesting. average timeline.
Some extra effort the quality of other Below
noticed. timelines. average timeline

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