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1. Sale of goods gross selling price, unless unreasonably lower than fair market value
2. Sale of services gross receipts
3. sale of properties gross selling price as defined by BIR
4. Transactions deemed sales fair market value of the property deemed sold
Gross selling price - total amount of money or its equivalent which the purchaser pays or
is obligated to the seller in consideration of the sale, barter or exchange of goods or properties.
The excise tax, if any, on such goods or properties shall form part of the gross selling price. VAT
however, shall not be considered as part of the gross selling price.
2. Sales returns and allowance for which a proper credit or refund was made during the month
or quarter to the buyer on taxable sales.
SALE OF GOODS
Ex. Cash sales, P400,000 Installment sales (P30,000 collected), P100,000
Sales on account, P600,000 Sales returns and allowances, P20,000
Quota discounts, P20,000 Purchase of goods VAT included, P72,000
If the selling price is unreasonably lower, the VAT shall be based on the fair value of the
goods sold. The gross selling price is deemed unreasonably lower when it is lower by more than
30% of the actual market value of the goods sold.
Timing of Output VAT: reported in the month of sale (cash sale or sales on account) sale of goods:
Gross receipts - refer to the total amount of money or its equivalent representing the
contract price, compensation, service fee, rental or royalty, including the amount charged
for materials supplied with the services and deposits applied as payments for services
rendered and advanced payments actually or constructively received during the taxable
period for the services performed for another person, excluding VAT.
SALE OF SERVICES - CASH BASIS OF ACCOUNTING SHALL BE EMPLOYED
Ex.
Cash collection for services done, P400,000 VAT
Cash collection for services not yet started (advances), P100,000 VAT
Receivables on services rendered, P600,000 NOT SUBJECT TO VAT - THERE IS
Purchases of goods and services, VAT included, P448,000 INPUT TAX
For sale of real property, fair market value is the higher amount between the zonal value
of BIR and market value of the assessor (City or Provincial Assessor)
If the VAT is not separately shown in the receipts, the amount stated in the receipts is deemed to be VAT inclusive (sale
If the fair market value is higher than the selling price, the sale is deemed to be VAT exclusive (sale of properties)
Ex. Appraisal value, P4,500,000 Assessor's fair market value, P2,500,000 FMV = assessor's market value o
Zonal value of BIR, P4,000,000 Selling price, P3,800,000 EX. 2 Appraised value, P4,50
FMV (Assessor)- 4,000,000
Compute for Output VAT
Note: it must be noted that the term "selling price" or consideration on the sale of property
is legally presumed VAT inclusive but this is not the case on the sale of goods.
Timing of Output VAT reporting: reported in the month of sale or by installment method.
If the initial payments exceeds 25% of the selling price, the Output VAT must be recognized
in the month of sale.
Note: fruits and vegetables are VAT exempt. For transactions deemed sale, the tax base
is the fair market value.
The billed prices of outstanding consignments still held by consignees as of Apr. 30, 2020
Feb. 2020,P50,000
Mar. 2020, P80,000
Apr. 2020, P120,000
Compute for the output VAT for the month of April 2020
Sales 500,000.00
Sales - reported by the consignees 150,000.00
Transaction deemed sale (Feb. Consignment) 50,000.00 unsold by the consignee for mor
Total 700,000.00
Multiply: Tax Rate 12%
Output VAT 84,000.00
4. Retirement from or cessation of business with respect to all goods on hand whether
capital goods, stock in trade, supplies or materials as of the date of cessation, whether or not the
business is continued by the new owner or successor.
Ex. Mr. AA, a VAT-registered taxpayer, ceased business operation in May 2020. His business
properties upon termination of business operation include:
Cash, P50,000 Inventories, P200,000
Accounts Receivable, P120,000 Property and Equipment, P800,000
Investments, P180,000
compute for the output VAT.
Inventories 200,000.00
Property and Equipment 800,000.00
total 1,000,000.00
multiply: tax rate 12%
Output Vat 120,000.00
(400,000/112%)
(600,000/112%)
(100,000/112%)
(20,000/112%)
hichever is higher
ZERO rated sales are usually for foreign consumptions and sales in the Philippines with an
export sale treatment by special laws and international agreements to which the Philippine
government is a signatory.
Benefit of zero-rating
Exempt transactions and zero-rated transactions will yield no output VAT. The difference
is on the treatment of input VAT. In exempt transactions, whatever input VAT the seller pays
for the purchases of goods or services from a VAT registered supplier is not refundable or
creditable. In zero-rated transactions, whatever input VAT the seller pays for the purchases of
goods or services from a VAT registered supplier is refundable or creditable.
Ex.
During the month, AA Corporation purchased goods invoiced at P350,000 excluding
P42,000 input tax. It exported the goods for $10,000 which is equivalent to P500,000 and incurred
P10,000 in expenses.
Assuming that AA Corporation is a VAT registered taxpayer, how much is the VAT payable?
Output Vat -
Less: Input VAT 42,000.00
VAT Payable (overpayment) - 42,000.00
Note: The P42,000 Input VAT can be claimed as tax refund or deducted from other internal
revenue taxes provided the application for tax refund or tax credit shall be made within two
years from the close of the taxable quarter in which the zero rated transaction has been consummated.
Ex.
During the month, AA Corporation purchased goods invoiced at P350,000 excluding
P42,000 input tax. It exported the goods for $10,000 which is equivalent to P500,000 and incurred
P10,000 in expenses.
Assuming that AA Corporation is a non-VAT registered taxpayer, how much is the VAT payable?
Exempt from of VAT
Output Vat - Output tax
Less: Input VAT - Less: Input tax
VAT Payable - VAT Payable
Note: the entire cost of purchase of goods equivalent to P392,000 (P350,000+42,000) shall be deducted from
income tax.
EXPORT SALES
Eventually, the term export sales will only include:
1. Direct export
2. Sale to economic zones and tourism enterprises zones.
3. Sale of goods or properties, supplies, equipment and fuel to persons engaged in international
shipping or international air transport operations.
DIRECT EXPORT
Direct export is the sale and actual shipment of goods from the Philippines to a foreign country,
irrespective of any shipping arrangement that influences or determines the transfer of ownership
of the goods so exported.
Requisites:
1. Paid for in acceptable foreign currency or its equivalent in goods or services
2. Accounted for in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas
Assuming that the seller in the foregoing example is a non-VAT registered, how much is the
zero rated transactions?
Note: The provision of the TRAIN Law on sale to ecozones subjecting it to 0% VAT is vetoed by
the president but the TRAIN Law did not repeal RA 7916, The Special Economic Zone Act.
Thus, subjecting the sales to ecozones to 0% VAT.
Ex. AA Company, a VAT taxpayer, sold supplies to BB Airlines, an airline which is engaged in
air transport operations. Below is the breakdown of the sale:
2. Sale of raw materials or packaging materials to an export oriented enterprise whose export
sales exceeds 70% of total annual productions.
3. Those considered export sales under EO 226 (The Omnibus Investment Code of 1987) and
other special laws.
A. The Philippine F.O.B. value of export products exported directly by an export producer.
B. The net selling price of export products sold by a registered export producer to another
export producer
C. The net selling price of export products sold by a registered export producer to an export
trader that subsequently exports the same.
D. Even without actual exportation, the following shall be considered constructively
exported:
1. Sales to bonded manufacturing warehouses of export-oriented enterprises
2. Sales to export processing zones in pursuant to RA 7916, 7903, 7922 and other
similar export processing zones.
3. Sales to enterprises duly registered and accredited with the Subic Bay Metropolitan
Authority (RA 7227)
4. Sales to registered export traders operating bonded manufacturing warehouses
supplying raw materials in the manufacture of export products.
5. Sales to diplomatic missions and other agencies and or instrumentalities granted
tax immunities, or locally manufactured, assembled and repacked products whether
or not paid for in foreign currencies.
6. Sale of goods, properties or services to a BOI-registered manufacturer or producer
Subject to VAT (Zero rated)
Output tax 0.00
Less: Input tax 42,000.00
VAT Payable (42,000) can be claimed as tax refund or tax credit
be deducted from
Direct export
Direct export
INPUT VAT
Ex. Mr. AA had a P230,000 output VAT in the month. The following purchases were made
during the month:
Goods from non-VAT suppliers, P300,000 not claimable for input tax purposes
Goods from VAT suppliers with VAT invoices, P224,000 claimable for input tax purposes
Importation of car for personal use, VAT inclusive, P1,120,000 not claimable for input tax purposes
Importation of fruits for sale, P300,000 VAT exempt - no input tax can be claime
Importation of merchandise for sale, VAT inclusive, P896,000 claimable for input tax purposes
Services from VAT suppliers, evidenced by receipts not registered with BIR, P120,000.
Ex. Mr. AA becomes liable to VAT after exceeding the VAT threshold of P3,000,000 in Jan. 2020.
As of Dec. 31, 2019, the following data are made available:
VAT-exempt goods, P20,000 not includible in the computation of transitional input V
Vatable goods:
from non-VAT sellers, P60,000 includible VAtable goods
from VAT sellers, P11,200 includible VAtable goods
Equipment from VAT seller, P1,120,000 not includible in the computation of transitional input V
Compute for the transitional input tax
from non-VAT sellers,
from VAT sellers (11,200/1.12)
Total
Multiply: Rate
2% of the beginning inventory
2% of the beginning inventory is higher than the actual VAT paid thereon. Transitional
input VAT therefore, is P1,400.
REGULAR VAT
Sources of Regular Input VAT Timing of credit
1. Purchase of goods or properties month of purchase
2. Purchase of services month of purchase
3. Importation of goods month VAT is paid
4. Purchase of depreciable capital asset or properties
General treatment month of purchase
when the monthly aggregate acquisition cost exceeds
P1,000,000 amortized over life of the asset
or 60 months, whichever is
shorter
5. Purchase of non-depreciable vehicles and on maintenance
incurred thereon Not creditable
Ex. AA Enterprises, a VAT registered business purchased the following capital goods for
March 2020:
Useful Life Purchase Price (VAT exclusive)
Equipment 4 years 48 mos. 600,000.00
Truck 10 years 120 mos 700,000.00
Aggregate purchase of capital goods 1,300,000.00
Compute for the input tax in March 2020:
Input tax claimable in March
Equipment (72,000/48) 1,500.00
Truck (84,000/60) 1,400.00
Total input tax claimable March 2020 (purchase of capital goods 2,900.00
Ex. AA Enterprises, a VAT registered business purchased the following capital goods for
March 2020:
Useful Life Purchase Price (VAT exclusive)
Equipment 4 years 600,000.00
Computer 10 years 250,000.00
Aggregate purchase of capital goods 850,000.00
Compute for the input tax in March 2020:
Input tax claimable in March
Equipment 72,000.00
Computer 30,000.00
Total input tax claimable March 2020 102,000.00
Sale or transfer of depreciable capital goods within 5 years prior to the exhaustion of the
amortizable input tax thereon, the entire unamortized input tax (deferred input tax) on
the capital goods sold/transferred can be claimed as input tax credit during the calendar
month or quarter when the sale or transfer was made.
Ex. AA Corporation is a VAT registered taxpayer and engaged in manufacturing of sardines. During the month, it
purchased the following ingredients for the processing of the sardines:
Cost Input VAT
Fresh sardines 800,000.00 -
Hot chili 50,000.00 -
Tomatoes 400,000.00 -
Ordinary salt 20,000.00 -
Tin cans 120,000.00 14,400.00
Labels 60,000.00 7,200.00
Ex. AA Corporation sold goods to the City of Bacolod worth P100,000 invoiced at P112,000
VAT inclusive. AA Corporation purchased the same for P90,000 exclusive of P10,800 VAT.
What is the obligation of government agencies, GOCC or any of its political subdivision
if the supplier is a non-VAT registered taxpayer?
Deduct 3% (now 1%)creditable percentage tax
Beginning Jan. 1, 2021, the final VAT system will be abolished and will be replaced by a
creditable VAT system.
VAT returns
1. Form 2550M used in the first 2 months of the quarter 20th day following the close of the mon
2. Form 2550Q used in the 3rd month of the quarter 25th day following the close of the quar
d seller in the course of his trade
24,000.00
96,000.00
120,000.00
230,000.00
120,000.00
110,000.00
mputation of transitional input VAT - only inventory of goods, materials and supplies are to be included.
60,000.00
10,000.00 VAT exclusive
70,000.00
2%
1,400.00
1,200.00
on. Transitional
Timing of credit
of purchase
of purchase
of purchase
April May
1,500.00 1,500.00
1,400.00 1,400.00
2,900.00 2,900.00
Input Tax
72,000.00
30,000.00
102,000.00 Note: 1,000,000 aggregate value of purchase of capital goods must exclude VAT
VAT exempt
VAT exempt
VAT exempt
VAT exempt
12% VAT
12% VAT