Nervous Tissue-Cells Types and Unique Properties

RESEARCH

Neurons and neuroglia are two types of nerve tissue that make up the nervous system's

structural and functional elements. The cell body of a normal neuron is spherical, and it has two

kinds of extensions: axons and dendrites. Dendrites, which can be many, receive input, whereas

axons transmit information in the form of impulses away from the cell. The majority of neurons

have only one axon. The spinal cord and brain are part of the central nervous system as well as

tracts of axons is separated into two categories. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made up

of bundles of axons termed nerves that link the central nervous system to different body organs.

These include the spinal and cranial nerves. These systems work together to offer three basic

functions: motor, integrative, and sensory.

Sensory sensors sense external and internal changes in sensory processes. Integrative

activities collect sensory data and create decisions that are carried out by motor processes.

Effectors are stimulated to respond by motor processes (Willerth, 2017, p. xx). The voluntary

and involuntary motor actions of the peripheral nervous system are distinguished. The somatic

nerve system, which regulates skeletal muscle, is involved in those under voluntary control. On

the other hand, the autonomic nervous system is in charge of involuntary effectors such as

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. In the brain, neuroglia aggregate in a unique,

protective manner. The majority of capillaries are "leaky," allowing tiny molecules to pass

through and into the bloodstream.

In contrast, the cells that create capillaries inside the brain are considerably more densely

coupled, thanks in part to astrocytes. Its barrier protects sensitive brain tissue against chemical

changes and prevents numerous chemicals from entering.

 CRITICAL THINKING

Neurons come in a variety of sizes and shapes, but they all share some characteristics. A

cell body, tubular, cytoplasm-filled dendrites that channel impulses towards the neuron cell

body, as well as a tubular, cytoplasm-filled axon that channels impulses out from the neuron cell

body, are among these components. Myelin can also be seen in the CNS, where it appears as

white clusters of myelinated axons. Millions of myelinated axons give the white matter its

colour. Grey matter in the CNS is made up of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.
 Reference

Willerth, S. (2017). Introduction to the nervous system. Engineering Neural Tissue from Stem

Cells, 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-811385-1.00002-9