1 Life processes

Alive or never alive?

What do you remember about living and non-living things?

n
● Talk with your partner. Which things in the pictures below are

io
alive and which have never been alive?

t
● What do things that are alive do? Use these words:

a
eat move breathe grow use senses

c
       

d u
E
cat child snake ruler

e r
d
car mobile phone plant

o d
H
You will need ...
● sticky notes

©
● large sheet of paper

Work with your group. living

things
a On your own sticky notes, write
how you know that something
is a living thing (alive).
b Write what living things need
to stay alive.

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

What is living?
1
What do you already know about living things?
a Are the objects below living or non-living things?

n
b Copy and complete the table for each object.
Remember to give a reason for your ideas.

t io
Object Living Not living Not sure Why? (reason)

a
wooden spoon

u c
wooden spoon fish car

E d plant baby

e r
rocks

d d monkey coin insect

H o
Think like a scientist!
All living things grow. They eat and drink
Challenge yourself!
Are there other things that
we need in order to live?

©
– this is called nutrition. They move. They
have young – this is called reproduction. Write down your ideas
These are life processes. and reasons. Share them
with the class.
Hint: Can all the
things in the
pictures above Science words
grow? living non-living
nutrition reproduction
life processes

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Life processes
Think like a scientist!
All living things need to carry out these life processes:

io n
a t
movement – all living things move

u c
reproduction – all living
things have young

E d
e r
d d
nutrition – all living things

o
need food and water growth – all living things grow

1
H 2

©
Match the phrases to the life processes Can you remember all
in the boxes: the life processes?
a take in food growth a Close this book.
Write down the four
b increase in size movement life processes you have
c go from one place to just learnt.
reproduction b Draw a picture of an
another place
animal doing each
d produce new animals nutrition
life process.

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Identify a living thing

Think like a scientist!
Does the object in the picture look like a living
thing? Sometimes you cannot tell! You can find

n
out by asking questions about the life processes.

io
Sami showed Ajay the photograph. Ajay asked

t
these questions to find out if it is a living thing.

a
Ajay: Does it move? Sami: Yes.
Sami: Yes. Ajay: Does it grow?

c
Ajay: Does it eat? Sami: Yes.

u
Sami: Yes. Ajay: Then it is a living thing!
Ajay: Can it have babies? Sami: Yes, it is a pufferfish.

E d
r
a Research the life processes of pufferfish.

e
b Copy and complete this table to show what you have found out.

d
Life process Question Answer

d
reproduction Does it have babies?

o
movement How does it move?

H
growth How does it grow?
nutrition What does it eat?

©
c What kind of science enquiry activity is this? Draw the symbol for this
science enquiry activity next to your table.

Let’s talk Challenge your

partner by choosing
a Find a picture of a living or non-living unusual things!
thing in your country.
b Ask a partner to ask you questions about it, using the life processes.

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Alive, not alive, or never been alive?

Think like a scientist!
We can sort objects into three groups:
● Living things (alive): animals, including humans and plants, are living

n
things. They eat, move, have young and grow.

io
● Not alive (dead): these things were once alive. For example, twigs were

t
once part of a living thing. Bones were once part of a living thing that
moved, had young, grew and needed food and water.

a
● Never been alive: these things have never been alive, for example, things

c
made from plastic, stone, metal or glass. They have never moved, had

u
young, grown or needed food and water.

1
a Sort these objects into three groups:

E d
r
alive, not alive, never been alive.

e
b Add your own examples to the groups.

d
bird’s bones

d
fish

H o
bicycle lion
plastic bottle
tree

©
c What kind of scientific enquiry Hint: Ask yourself –
activity is this? Draw the symbol does each object carry
for this activity next to the groups out or did it carry
you sorted. out any of the life
processes.
2
Write sentences to explain the differences between Science word
something that is living, was once alive, and has never alive
been alive.

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Life processes – movement

Think like a scientist!

Animals are living things. Animals that

are alive carry out four life processes:

n
● Movement

io
● Have young (reproduce)

t
● Need food and water
wildebeest moving to

a
● Grow. find food and water

c
Why do you think animals,
1

u
including humans, move
from place to place? How do you move

d
They move for different each day? Make a
a spider kiting

E
reasons, for example to find list of all the types
food or water, or to avoid danger. of movements you

r
Examples of movement are running, jumping, made today. Start

e
swimming, flying and crawling. Animals can also from when you woke
up. Write reasons for

d
move in other ways. For example, some beetles
roll. Some spiders move by kiting or ballooning. why you moved.

d
To do this, the spider climbs as high as it can.

o
Then it produces silk threads in the air and uses Science word
these to travel on the wind. kiting

2
H
©
a How do the animals below move?
b Choose two of these animals. Write three reasons why each animal
might move.

fish bird cricket cheetah

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Why do animals move?

1
a Make a list of the life processes.
b Look at the box below. Which are good reasons for animals

n
moving? Which are not good reasons?

io
c Explain your answers to a partner. Use your list of life processes
in your answers.

Reasons for movement

a t
c
1 to find food

u
2 for a change

d
3 to keep warm
4 to find a mate

E
5 because it is Tuesday

r
6 to find water

e
7 to find a place to live

d
8 to hide

d
9 to get away from danger. orangutans

H o
Think like a scientist!
Cars move, and so do washing machines and robots.
Draw a robot.
Explain why you are

©
Does that mean that they are living things? a living thing and
the robot is not?

car washing machine robot

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Living things grow

Think like a scientist!
Living things grow. Animals and plants grow.
All animals start as young. We call human young, babies.

n
Plants start as seeds and grow.

io
Something that was once alive or that has never lived, Let’s talk

t
does not grow like living things.

a
Share your

c
Memory box
1 with a partner.

u
a Create a Memory box to show the ways you have a What things

d
grown since you were a baby. Include photographs, do you both
have?

E
drawings and writing, and special objects or a toy
from when you were a baby. b What things

r
b Think about these questions: show that you
have grown?

e
● How big were you as a baby?

d
● What could you not do as a baby, compared

to what you can do now?

d
● What kind of food did you have when you

o
were born, compared to now?

H
● How old were you when you began to talk?

©
2
a What would happen if people never stopped growing?
What would be positive, minus and interesting about it?
b Copy and complete this table with your ideas.
If people never stopped growing, what would be …
Positive (good) Minus (not so good) Interesting

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Life processes – nutrition

Think like a scientist!
Nutrition is about eating
the right foods for health

n
and growth.

io
● Living things need food

t
to grow, reproduce, move
and stay healthy.

a
● Food provides the energy

c
that keeps them moving.

u
● Living things need

d
a variety of foods for
proper growth and repair. Eating the right foods helps the body to heal

E
(get well) better after being ill or injured.

r
● Animals get their foods from plants or other animals.

d e Breakfast gives
you energy to

d
Write answers to these questions.
start the day!

o
a Why do animals, including humans, need
nutrition?

H
b What did you have for breakfast? Did the foods
come from plants or animals?

©
c What is your favourite food? Why?
d What would happen if you only ever ate your
favourite food?
e What would happen if you had nothing to eat?
Explain your answer. Use these words, and your Science words
own words:
energy
energy fruits repair repair
        fruits

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Nutrition in animals
Think like a scientist!
Animals and plants need food and water
(nutrition) to stay alive. Plants make

n
their own food. Animals must find food.

io
Different animals feed on (eat) different
foods, such as grass, seeds, nuts, fruits,

t
leaves and other animals, including

a
insects, fish and birds.

c
Some animals eat only one type of food.

u
For example, the giant panda mostly eats
bamboo shoots and stems.

d
giant panda eating bamboo

E
Animals, such as goats, eat many

r
types of plants. They eat leaves, grass,
vegetables and even flowers. Some

e
animals eat other animals. Frogs, for

d
example, feed on flies and insects.

d
Some animals eat plants and animals.
The three-toed sloth, for

o
example, eats leaves,

H
fruits, slow-moving
animals and bird’s eggs.
Humans can also eat

©
frogs eat flies and other insects plants and animals.

1
a Choose an animal and do research.
● What does it eat – plants, animals, or both?

● How does the animal move?

Science word
b Present your research in a booklet (mini book). eggs

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Science in context

Animal nutritionists
People who help animals have a healthy diet are called animal nutritionists
(say: new-tri-shon-ists). You know that nutrition is about what we and other
animals eat to stay alive and healthy. So, what do you think an animal

n
nutritionist does?

io
Animal nutritionists do these things: Help us

t
understand how

a
Use diet can affect an
Research computers to

c
animal.
and plan diets create diets.

u
for animals. Give advice to

d
animal owners on
what to feed their

E
animal.

e r Look at what

d
health problems
animals have and

d
create diets to make

o
animals better.

H
Develop
new kinds

©
of food for
An animal nutritionist needs to: animals.
● know about nutrition.

● be a good communicator. Let’s talk

● work in a team.

● listen to other people’s ideas.

Talk with your partner. Do you
think you would make a good
● use their knowledge of science
animal nutritionist? Why?
to solve problems.

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Life processes – reproduction

Think like a scientist!
You now know that all living things need to carry
out these four life processes:

n
● Movement – all living things move.

io
● Nutrition – all living things need food and water.
whale with its calf

t
● Growth – all living things grow.

a
● Reproduction – all living things have

c
young like themselves.

u
Reproduction is the process by which living
things produce young, called offspring.

d
A grown-up animal is called an adult. snake with its hatchling

E
Adult animals have babies. These babies

r
are called offspring.
Human parents are adults. Children are

e
their offspring.

d
Look at the pictures of adult animals and their

d
offspring. The offspring have special names. panda bear with its cub

H o
Look at these pictures of adult animals. Find
out what their offspring are called. Some
2
Adult humans reproduce
and have offspring.

©
have funny names! You are an offspring.
You were once a baby.
Bring photos to school
and put them in your
book to show what a
porcupine otter human baby looks like.

Science words
goat kangaroo offspring   adult

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Animal offspring
Think like a scientist!
Some animals lay eggs
to reproduce. Others have

n
babies called live young.

io
Vertebrates are animals sheep feeding its lamb snake hatching from egg

t
with backbones.
● Mammals are vertebrates. They have live young

a
that grow into adults. Humans are vertebrates.

c
They have live young.

u
● Birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles lay eggs.

d
Most eggs hatch young that look like tiny adults.
● Some amphibians, such as frogs, are different.

E
metamorphosis
The young go through stages before they look like

r
the adult. This is called metamorphosis.
Invertebrates are animals without backbones. Science words

e
● Many invertebrates lay eggs. The young go through
live young

d
vertebrates
metamorphosis to become adults.
mammals

d
● Not all invertebrates go through metamorphosis.
metamorphosis

o
For example, snails lay eggs that hatch into mini-snails. invertebrates

H
1
Research whether these animals have live young or lay eggs to reproduce.

©
Copy and complete the table. One example has been done for you.
cat parrot mouse antelope salamander spider snake
           
giraffe alligator goldfish butterfly shark
       
Animal Vertebrate or Live young or Does it go through
invertebrate? eggs? metamorphosis?
cat vertebrate live young no

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

Life cycles
Think like a scientist! 1

A life cycle is a diagram (model)

that shows the main stages of the

n
adult
life of a living thing. Scientists make

io
models that help to explain ideas.
They use the life cycle to show what

t
happens in the life of a plant or

a
animal. eggs

c
In the model of a life cycle (diagram)

u
below, the salamander lays eggs.
Each egg changes into a larva,

d
before becoming an adult. This is

E
an example of metamorphosis.
moult larva

r
newly
hatched larva a Above is the life cycle of a

e
dragonfly (an invertebrate).

d
It is in the wrong order.

d
b Use modelling clay to make a
model of this life cycle, but make

o
life cycle growing sure it is in the correct order.
of a

H
larva
eggs laid salamander c Write these labels next to each
in water part of your model life cycle:

©
adult eggs larva moult
     

Did you know that

when a dragonfly
adult larva moults, it
sheds its old skin?
Underneath is
Science words new skin.
life cycle  larva  moults

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

More about life cycles

1
a Work with a partner. Research the life cycle of a frog. Find out:
● Where do frogs lay their eggs – on land or in water?

n
● What are frog eggs called? What do they look like?

io
● When the eggs hatch, what does the young frog look like?

t
● How does the tadpole change?

a
● What does a froglet look like?

c
● How is the adult frog different to a froglet?

b Make a model of the life cycle of a frog, using

u
recyclable materials. Label your model.

d
c Share your model with another pair. What did Science word
they think of your model?

E
larvae

r
2

e
a Work with a partner. Research

d
the life cycle of a butterfly

d
that lives in your country.
Find out:

o
● Where do butterflies

H
lay their eggs?
● Why do they lay them there?

©
● What do the larvae look

like when they hatch from

the eggs?
● How many different stages

are there in the butterfly 3

life cycle? Think about the activities you
b Make a model of the life cycle have just been doing. What kind of
of a butterfly, using a flow scientific enquiry activities are they?
diagram. Draw the symbol next to your work.

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 Biology – Unit 1 Life processes

What have you learnt about life processes?

1 2
Match the correct word to each Which animals have live young
statement. and which animals lay eggs?

n
nutrition reproduction
 

t io
growth movement
 

a
a Moving from place to place
toad elephant

c
b Changing in size as it gets older

u
c Food and water needed for living

d
d Produce young

E
3

r
termite eagle
True or false?

e
a Vertebrates have a backbone.

d
b Animals and plants do not need food and water to live.

d
c Metamorphosis are the stages some animals go through to

o
become adults.
d Animals move because they like the Sun.

What can you do?

H
© You have learnt about life processes. You can:
✔ describe the differences between things that are alive,
not alive, and have never been alive.
✔ name four of the life processes.
✔ describe how the offspring of different animals
grow into adults.
✔ compare the life cycles of different animals.

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