UTTAR BANGA KRISHI VISWAVIDYALAYA

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
MID-TERM EXAMINATION

Photovoltaic Technology and Systems (EE 401)

FULL MARKS: 30 TIME ALLOWED: 45 MIN

All questions are compulsory

1) Fill in the blanks: - 10x1

a) As the temperature increases, the efficiency of PV cell will _______________.

b) As the incident insolation on a PV cell increases, open circuit voltage increases
____________.
c) A PV panel is tested under standard test conditions. The short circuit current is 8A, the open
circuit voltage is 40V, the voltage at peak power is 36.5V and the current at peak power is
7A. The fill factor of the PV panel is found to be 0.72. The incident input power on the
panel is 1800W. The area of the panel is _______________.
d) Materials used for the making of solar cells is ___________.
e) Few photovoltaic modules are connected in series-parallel configuration as shown in the
figure below. Each module has an I-V characteristic having the x-axis intercept as 31V and
the y-axis intercept as 4.2A. The short circuit current for the series-parallel system shown
is ___________.

f) For the photovoltaic module configuration shown in Figure.1, the open circuit voltage for
the series-parallel system is ____________.
g) V1 and V2 are two voltage sources as shown in following figure, having voltages 11V and
13V respectively. The series resistance of each source is 0.25 ohms. The circulating current
is __________.
 h) The output of a PV cell is 2 W at an insolation of 1 kW/m2. The area of a cell is 150 × 150
mm2. If the efficiency of a cell is 15 %, then the angle of incidence of radiation made with
normal to the solar cell is ___________.
i) At a given point on earth located on the 30 deg. latitude line, if the solar declination is -20
deg and the hour angle is 45 deg, then the zenith angle is: ___________.
j) If the solar declination is 23.5 deg and latitude angle is 45 deg , then the sunrise hour angle
is __________.

2. The data sheet of polycrystalline 210W-240W solar cell is shown in figure:

Find a) the short circuit current, open circuit voltage and maximum power at 38° C for 225 W
solar cell. b) fill factor of the cell. 2+2
3. Draw and explain with neat sketch the circuit diagram and combined cell I-V characteristics of the
two identical cells in series. 2+2
4. Derive the expression of short circuit current and open circuit voltage of the solar PV cell. 2+2
5. What are the factors that affect the incident solar energy. 2
6. Find the relationship between locale centric co-ordinate system and earth centric co-ordinate system.
2
7. Choose the correct alternatives: 4x1
a) Which of the following is appropriate for SLI (Starting, Lighting and Ignition) batteries?
i) They can be used for longer period.
ii) They can give immense amount of power but for a very short amount of time.
iii) They can give immense amount of power for a very long time.
iv) They have very low power density but very high energy density.
b) The length of the day will be approximately 12 hours on
i) Equator
ii) When the angle of declination is zero
iii) When the angle of declination is +/- 23.5 deg
iv) Both i) and ii)
c) As the temperature increases
i) the peak power of PV cell decreases
ii) the peak power of PV cell increases
iii) the short circuit current value decreases
iv) the open circuit voltage value increases
d) Photovoltaic cells are sensitive to
i) infra-red portion of solar spectrum
ii) visible light portion of solar spectrum
iii) ultra voilet light portion of solar spectrum
iv) RF portion of the solar spectrum

----End of question paper----