GROUP 4 - BEHAVIORISM and NEO BEHAVIORISM
Acuna, Yana
Bares, Mariebeth
De Lara, Redilyn
De leon, Zhannen
Orsolino, Jasmin
THEORY OF BEHAVIORISM
 study of observable and measurable behaviour
 conditioning and reinforcement (rewards and
punishment)
 does NOT give much attention to the MIND and
the possiblity of thought processes in the mind
IVAN PAVLOV
 Russian physiologist
 known for classical conditioning or stimulus
substitution
Pavlov’s Findings
1. Stimulus Generalization- Once the dog has
learned to salivate at the sound, it will salivate
at other similar sound.
2. Extinction- If you stop pairing the bell with the
food, the salivation will eventually cease in
response to bell
3. Spontaneous Recovery- Extinguished response
can be “recovered” after an elapsed time but
will soon extinguished again if the dog is not
presented with food.
4. Discrimination - The dog could learn to
discriminate between similar bells (stimuli) and
discern which bell would result in the
presentation of food and which would not
5. High-Order Conditioning- Once the dog has
been conditioned to associate to bell with food,
another unconditional stimulus, such as a light
may be flashed at the same time that the bell is
rung. Eventually, the dog will salivate at the
flash of the light without the sound of the bell.
EDWARD THORNDIKE
 proposed the Connectionism theory
 the first man to use the word “Educational
Philosophy”
Thorndike’s Connectionism Theory
 “ learning is the result of associations forming
between stimuli (S) and response (R)”
Watson’s Experiment on Albert
 an experiment that helps us understand the
fears, phobias and prejudices that people
develop
BURRHUS FREDERICK SKINNER
 known for his Operant Conditioning theory
Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
- based upon the notion that learning is a result
of change in overt behavior
Definition of Terms
 Reinforcement - key element in Skinner’s S-R
theory.
 Reinforcer - anything that strengthens the
desired response.
 Positive Reinforcer - any stimulus that is given
or added to increase the response.
 Negative Reinforcer - any stimulus that results
in the increase frequency of a response when it
is withdrawn or removed; not a punishment, in
fact it is reward
 Punishment - a consequence intended to result
in reduced responses.
THEORY OF NEO-BEHAVIORISM
 cognitive views of learning
 it has aspects of behaviourism but it also
reaches out to the cognitive perspective
EDWARD TOLMAN
 Purposive Behaviorism or Sign Learning Theory
 link between behaviorism and cognitive theory
 “learning is a cognitive process”
 stressed the relationship between stimuli
rather than stimulus- response
ALBERT BANDURA
 Social Learning Theory
 learning that occurs within a social context
 includes concepts of observational learning,
imitation and modelling
How the environment reinforces and punishes
modeling?
1. by the model
2. by a third person
3. imitated behaviour itself leads
4. vicarious reinforcement
Cognitive Factors in Social Learning
 1. learning without performance
2. cognitive processing during learning
3. expectations
4. reciprocal causation
5. modeling : live model and symbolic model

Conditions Necessary for Effective Modeling to Occur

1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Motor Reproduction
4. Motivation