Lab – 6 : Traverse by Digital Theodolite

Shivam Kumar Shukla 180718

KEYWORDS: Theodolite, Centering, Transiting, Line of Collimation, Face Left and Face Right, Axis of Level Tube

ABSTRACT:

This report contains a brief explanation for the laboratory exercise Traverse by Digital Theodolite. We need to know about errors and
procedures to adjust the traverse while preparing a map by Digital Theodolite. This report contains Bowditch’s method to adjust the traverse
after measuring different angles and distances.

1. INTRODUCTION: d) Carry out temporary adjustments for the equipment (i.e.

centering and leveling, etc.).
A theodolite is a precision instrument used for measuring e) After setting the instrument at each station, record all
angles both horizontally and vertically. angles (horizontal and vertical). Each individual from
every group has to record both face right and face left
2. OBJECTIVE: observations. While recording the angles, please close
the horizon and apply station adjustment. Each student
To establish a closed traverse using Digital Theodolite. should observe the horizontal angle with different
“ZERO” or initial reading. You may use sample Table.
3. THEORY: f) After taking readings at a station, move to the next
station. DO NOT MOVE THE INSTRUMENT. Use
A theodolite works by combining optical plummets, a spirit and the same instrument set up by the previous group. Repeat
graduated circles to find vertical and horizontal angles in horizontal and vertical angle measurements.
surveying. g) Adjust closing error using Bowditch’s rule. You may use
sample Table 2.
4. Equipment needed:
h) Keep these observations (angular) with you in an Excel
Nikon Electronic Digital theodolite NE-203, Leveling staff, file. In future, you will be required to adjust these
Pegs, Tape and Compass readings using the least squares adjustment methods.

5. Precautions: 7. Observations and Calculations: Observations are

 Follow the steps as suggested to you. Any other tabulated in following Table.
operation or mishandling of the instrument may lead to
malfunction of very expensive instrument.
6. Procedure:

a) Perform “Initial Settings” for digital theodolite as given

in the Instrument Manual.
b) Choose 6 stations forming a braced quadrilateral figure
of side 40-50m long. Each group will be setting up the
instrument at only one station.
c) Before setting up the instruments, find out the length of
each side by tape and tacheometry.
 Station Face Horizontal Angle Vertical Angle
I.S. Reading Corrected Mean Reading Corrected Mean
Observed (L/R)
B 000′0′′ 900 −Average of
E 139032′15′ 89055′30′′ {89055′30′′, 89043′30′′}
L ′ 139032′11′′ = 900 − 89049′30′′
= 0010′30′′
B’ 36000′10′′
000′4′′ 89043′30′′
Error 0 ′ ′′
A 139 37 16 000′30′′
B 000′0′′ 2700 −Average of
27003′20′′
E 139048′55′′ 0 ′ ′′ {27003′20′′, 270015′40′′}
R 139 42 21 = 2700 − 27009′30′′
B’ 0016′55′′
270015′40′′ = −009′30′′
Error 006′34′′
C 000′0′′
0019′19′′ 00 −Average of
A 81055′11′′ {0019′19′′, 0019′35′′}
L 0 ′
81 55 10 ′′
C’ 36000′5′′ = 00 − 0019′27′′
0019′35′′ = −0019′27′′
B 0 ′ ′′ 81 055′5′′ 000′43′′
Error 0 01
C 000′0′′ 1800 −Average of
179039′9′′
A 81054′58′′ 054′59′′ {179039′9′′, 179039′4′′}
R 81 = 1800 − 179039′7′′
C’ 359059′55′′
179039′4′′ = 0020′53′′
Error −000′1′′
D 000′0′′
0021′28′′ 00 −Average of
B 10700′52′′ 00′50′′ {0021′28′′, 0021′21′′}
L 107 = 00 − 0021′25′′
D’ 36000′8′′
0021′21′′ = −0021′25′′
C Error 000′2′′ 10700′45′′ −000′3′′
D 000′0′′ 1800 −Average of
179038′42′′
B 10700′38′′ 0 ′ ′′ {179038′42′′, 179038′39′′}
R 107 0 39 = 1800 − 179038′41′′
D’ 359059′57′′
179038′39′′ = 0021′19′′
Error 0
−0 0 1 ′ ′′

E 000′0′′
0022′10′′ 00 − Average of
C 133051′57′′ 051′54′′ {0022′10′′, 0022′13′′}
L 133 = 00 − 0022′12′′
E’ 000′8′′
0022′13′′ = −0022′12′′
Error 000′3′′
D 133051′57′′ −000′23′′
E 000′0′′ 1800 −Average of
179038′33′′
C 133051′59′′ 0 ′ ′′ {179038′33′′, 179038′35′′}
R 133 51 59 = 1800 − 179038′34′′
E’ 36000′0′′
179038′35′′ = 0021′26′′
Error 0
0 00′ ′′

A 000′0′′
0022′26′′ 00 −Average of
D 77041′1′′ {0022′26′′, 0022′22′′}
L 77 040′59′′
A’ 36000′9′′ = 00 − 0022′24′′
0022′22′′ = −0022′24′′
Error 000′2′′ 0 ′ ′′
E 77 40 53 −000′33′′
A 000′0′′ 1800 − Average of
179038′42′′
D 77040′44′′ 0 ′ ′′ {179038′42′′, 179038′39′′}
R 77 40 46 = 1800 − 179038′41′′
A’ 359059′55′′
179038′39′′ = 0021′19′′
Error −000′2′′

′ −360
 Error in E (for left face) = 𝐵𝐵 × 𝐸𝐸 Upper Lower Distance(M)
360 S.No. Station (Upper-
3600 0′ 10′′ −3600 Stadia (M) Stadia (M) Lower)*100
 Error = × 1390 32′ 15′′ = 4′′
360 0 1 A-B 1.618 1.337 28.1
 Corrected E = E-error 2 B-C 1.628 1.421 20.7
 Corrected E 139032′15′′ − 4′′ = 139032′11′′ 3 C-D 1.614 1.339 27.5
4 D-E 1.603 1.424 17.9
Similarly, error in A,B,C and D are calculated in the table. 5 E-A 1.664 1.452 21.2
Adjusting Traverse Measured Corrected
S.no. Correction
angle Angle
B A 139037′16′′ −1′11.2′′ 139036′4.8′′
North
B 81055′5′′ −1′11.2′′ 81053′53.8′′
C 10700′45′′ −1′11.2′′ 106059′33.8′′
81053′53.8 D 133051′57′′ −1′11.2′′ 133050′45.8′′
′′
A E 77040′53′′ −1′11.2′′ 77039′41.8′′
2990 Corrected Angles

139036′4.8 Calculating Whole Circle Bearing (WCB)-

106059′33.8 ′′

C WCB(AB) = 2990 (given)

From geometry –

 WCB(BC) = WCB(AB) + ∠𝐵𝐵 - 180º =

133050′45.8 200053′53.8′′
 WCB(CD) = WCB(BC) + ∠𝐶𝐶 - 180º =
127053′27.6′′
E  WCB(DE) = WCB(CD) + ∠𝐷𝐷 - 180º =
D 81044′13.4′′
Traverse (With corrected angles)  WCB(EA) = WCB(DE) + ∠𝐸𝐸 + 180º =
339023′55.2′′
Sum of interior angles = 54005′56′′
After getting WCB for different lines, we will calculate
Total angle = (n – 2)× 1800 = 5400 departure and latitude in following table.

Angular misclosure = (54005′56′′– 5400) = +5′56′′

5′ 56′′
Angle correction = − = −1′ 11.2′′
5

Correction Correction
Calculated Corrected Calculated Corrected
Line Length(M) WCB in in
Departure Departure Departure Latitude Altitude Latitude
AB 28.1 299000′000′′ -24.577 0.0012 -24.5758 13.623 0.0455 13.6685
BC 20.7 200053′53.8′′ -7.384 0.0009 -7.3831 -19.338 0.0335 -19.3045
CD 27.5 127053′27.6′′ 21.702 0.0012 21.7032 -16.889 0.0446 -16.8444
DE 17.9 81044′13.4′′ 17.714 0.0008 17.7148 2.573 0.0290 2.6020
EA 21.2 339023′55.2′′ -7.460 0.0009 -7.4591 19.844 0.0344 19.8784
∑ 115.4 -0.005 0.005 0 -0.187 0.187 0
Corrected Departure, Latitude and Length

Departure= LAB×sin(WCBAB) Now, we should redistribute the errors in proportional to the

distance.
Latitude = LAB×cos(WCBAB)
∑Departure
Correction in Departure = × 𝐿𝐿 𝑖 and
Now, ∑Departure = -0.005 m ∑L

∑ Latitude
Correction in Altitude = × 𝐿𝐿
∑L 𝑖

Closing error = √(0.005)2 + (0.187)2 = 0.187 m Everything is calculated in the above table.

Quality of the traverse = 0.187 = 1:617

115.4
CONCLUSION
Theodolite must be centered on the point using plumbob. We know how to adjust the reading system of the theodolite angle at the
right plane. Centering and leveling the instrument was to ensure the horizontal angle that was measured.