2013E.

CGRADE10CI
VICS&ETHI
CALEDUCATI
ONLESSON
NOTEANDEXERI
CE
WEEKTWOLESSON.
(
Read&copyt
henot
eony
ourEx.Book)

UNI
TI.

BUI
LDI
NGADEMOCRATI
CSYSTEM

OBJECTI
VES

Att
heendoft
hisUni
tyouwi
l
lbeabl
eto:

 Under
standt
hev
aluesandpr
inci
plesofademocr
ati
csy
stem.

 Recogni
zewhati
smeantbyr
ight
sandobl
i
gat
ions.

 Under
standst
atef
ormat
ioni
nEt
hiopi
a.

PRI
NCI
PLESANDVALUESOFADEMOCRATI
CSYSTEM

Di
dyouseeanyexampl
esofdemocr
acyi
nact
iondur
ingy
ourv
acat
ion?

Ther
ear
etwof
ormsofDemocr
acyi
.e.
,anci
entandmoder
nfor
msofdemocr
acy
.The
f
ir
stf
orm ofdemocr
acywasdi
rectdemocr
acy
,whi
l
ethemoder
nfor
m i
sindi
rect
democr
acy
.Int
hisl
esson,
youwi
l
llear
naboutt
heessenceofdemocr
acyandt
hemai
n
pr
inci
plesandv
aluesofademocr
ati
csy
stem.Thi
swi
l
lhel
pyout
opar
ti
cipat
ein,and
cont
ri
but
eto,
thedemocr
ati
cpr
ocessi
nyourcount
ry.Today
,themostwi
del
ypr
act
iced
f
orm ofdemocr
acyt
hroughoutt
hewor
ldi
sindi
rectdemocr
acy
.Wheny
our
eacht
heage
t
oenj
oyt
her
ightt
ovot
e,y
ouwi
l
lel
ectr
epr
esent
ati
vest
ogov
ernt
hecount
ry.The
el
ect
ed r
epr
esent
ati
ves make pol
i
ticaldeci
sions and f
ormul
atel
aws.Thi
sist
he
essenceofmoder
ndemocr
acyorr
epr
esent
ati
vedemocr
acy
.

Repr
esent
ati
vedemocr
acyi
schar
act
eri
zedbyt
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
inci
plesandv
alues:
  Wi
derpubl
i
cpar
ti
cipat
ion;

 Thepr
esenceofuni
ver
sal
suf
frage;

 Thepr
esenceoff
air
,fr
eeandper
iodi
c(r
egul
ar)el
ect
ions;

 Maj
ori
tyr
uleandmi
nor
it
yri
ght
s;

 Tr
anspar
encyandaccount
abi
l
ity
;

 Thepr
esenceofmul
ti
par
tycompet
it
ionorpl
ural
i
sm.

Let
’sseesomeoft
hedet
ail
soft
hepr
inci
ples:

PUBLI
CPARTI
CIPATI
ON

For
m gr
oupst
odi
scusst
heway
syoucanhav
epar
ti
cipat
ioni
nyourcommuni
ty.Gr
oup
l
eader
sshoul
dpr
esentt
hei
rideast
othecl
ass.

Democr
acyexi
stswheny
ouandot
her
sact
ivel
ypar
ti
cipat
eint
hepol
i
ticsofourcount
ry.
Thi
sisnotl
i
mit
edt
otownsormaj
orci
ti
esl
i
keAddi
sAbaba,
Dir
eDawa,
Mekel
eorBaher
Dar
.Thegr
eatmaj
ori
tyofEt
hiopi
ansl
i
vei
nthecount
rysi
de.Theyt
oohav
etopar
ti
cipat
e
t
omakedemocr
acywor
kint
hecount
ry.Thi
siswhatpubl
i
cpar
ti
cipat
ionmeans.I
fyou
f
ailt
opar
ti
cipat
e,t
heni
twi
l
lbedi
ff
icul
tfordemocr
acyt
obecomest
rongandwor
kwel
l
.
Publ
i
cpar
ti
cipat
ioni
soneoft
hepi
l
lar
sofdemocr
acy
.Ther
ear
edi
ff
erentf
ormsof
par
ti
cipat
ion.Taki
ngpar
tinel
ect
ionsi
soneway
.Debat
ingoni
ssuesandpol
i
ciesi
spar
t
ofpubl
i
cpar
ti
ci
pat
ionasi
spar
ti
cipat
ingi
ntheadmi
nist
rat
ionofy
ourkebel
e.

UNI
VERSALSUFFRAGEANDMAJORI
TYRULE

For
m gr
oupst
odi
scusswhaty
ouunder
standbyuni
ver
salsuf
frageandmaj
ori
tyr
ule.
Gr
oupl
eader
sshoul
dpr
esentt
hei
rideast
othecl
ass

Uni
ver
salsuf
fragemeanst
ohav
ether
ightt
ovot
ewi
thoutdi
scr
imi
nat
ion.I
nEt
hiopi
a,
y
ouhav
ether
ightt
ovot
efr
om 18y
ear
sofageandbeel
ect
edf
rom t
heageof21.
Ar
ti
cle38,
sub-
art
icl
e1,
oft
heConst
it
uti
onsay
s:

Ever
yEt
hiopi
annat
ional
,wi
thoutanydi
scr
imi
nat
ionbasedoncol
our
,race,nat
ion,
nat
ional
it
y,sex,l
anguage,r
eli
gion,pol
it
icalorot
heropi
nionorot
herst
atus,hast
he
f
oll
owi
ngr
ight
s:

(
a)Tot
akepar
tint
heconductofpubl
icaf
fai
rs,di
rect
lyandt
hroughf
reel
ychosen
r
epr
esent
ati
ves;

(
b)Ont
heat
tai
nmentof18year
sofage,
tovot
einaccor
dancewi
thl
aw;

(
c)Tovot
eandt
obeel
ect
edatper
iodi
cel
ect
ionst
oanyof
fi
ceatanyl
evelof
gover
nment
;el
ect
ionsshal
lbebyuni
ver
salandequalsuf
frageandshal
lbehel
dby
secr
etbal
lot
,guar
ant
eei
ngt
hef
reeexpr
essi
onoft
hewi
lloft
heel
ect
ors.

Youmaybeonl
ythr
eeorf
oury
ear
sawayf
rom par
ti
cipat
ingi
nvot
ing.Dur
inganel
ect
ion,
t
hepar
tywhi
chy
ousuppor
tmaynotwi
namaj
ori
tyv
ote.Soanot
herpar
tybecomest
he
wi
nni
ngpar
tyi
ntheel
ect
ion.I
nthi
scase,peopl
eli
key
ouwi
l
lbepar
toft
hemi
nor
it
y,
whi
chmeansasmal
l
ernumberorgr
oup.Thepar
tyt
hatwi
nsanel
ect
ioni
scal
l
edt
he
wi
nni
ngpar
ty.Sot
her
uli
ngpar
tyi
sthewi
nni
ngpar
ty.Asar
uli
ngpar
ty,
ithast
orul
ethe
peopl
ewi
thoutt
hinki
ngaboutwhov
otedi
nfav
ourandagai
nsti
t.Bot
hthosewhov
oted
f
ort
her
uli
ngpar
tyandt
hosewhov
otedagai
nsti
tar
eci
ti
zensoft
hesamecount
ry.The
r
uli
ng par
tyhas t
otr
eatal
lci
ti
zens equal
l
y.Mi
nor
it
yri
ght
s ar
e pr
otect
ed byt
he
Const
it
uti
on.Thi
siswhati
scal
l
edmaj
ori
tyr
uleandmi
nor
it
yri
ght
s.I
tisnoti
nthe
nat
ureofdemocr
ati
cgov
ernmentt
osuppr
essanygr
oupi
nsoci
ety
.Whenami
nor
it
y
gr
oupi
ssuppr
essed,
thendemocr
acyi
sal
sosuppr
essed.

FAI
R,FREEANDPERI
ODI
CELECTI
ONS
Onewayt
oensur
eademocr
ati
csy
stem i
sthr
oughf
air
,fr
eeandper
iodi
cel
ect
ions.Fai
r
el
ect
ioni
sconduct
edwhenpar
ti
esi
nanel
ect
ionar
etr
eat
edequal
l
y.Fr
eeel
ect
ioni
s
conduct
edwhent
her
eisnot
hreat
,int
imi
dat
ion,
orhar
assmentonpar
tycandi
dat
esand
t
hei
rfol
l
ower
s,andwhent
heyar
eabl
etocampai
gnwi
thoutpr
obl
ems.A per
iodi
c
el
ect
ionmeansconduct
ing el
ect
ionsr
egul
arl
y.Mostdemocr
ati
ccount
ri
esconduct
el
ect
ionsev
eryf
oury
ear
s.Somecount
ri
eshav
eel
ect
ionsev
eryf
ivey
ear
s,asi
nEt
hiopi
a.
Fai
randf
reeel
ect
ionsar
ecar
ri
edoutwhent
heConst
it
uti
onandt
her
uleofl
aw ar
e
obser
ved byci
ti
zens and gov
ernmenti
nst
it
uti
ons.So,y
ou wi
l
lhav
ethe r
ightt
o
par
ti
cipat
einf
ree,
fai
randr
egul
arel
ect
ionswheny
ouar
eei
ght
een.

TRANSPARENCYANDACCOUNTABI
LITY

Ademocr
ati
cgov
ernmenti
sopenandexpl
ainswhati
tisdoi
ng.Thepeopl
ehav
ethe
r
ightt
ogeti
nfor
mat
ionandi
nspecthowgov
ernmentwor
ks.Thi
sway
,gov
ernmentcan
bet
ranspar
ent
.Foragov
ernmentt
obet
ranspar
ent
,ithast
obeopent
othepeopl
e,hol
d
publ
i
c meet
ings and debat
es,and al
l
ow ci
ti
zens t
o at
tend and par
ti
cipat
e.I
na
democr
acy
,the pr
ess and t
he peopl
e hav
e access t
oinf
ormat
ion aboutwhati
s
happeni
ngi
nthecount
ryandi
ngov
ernment
.Thi
siscal
l
edt
ranspar
ency
.Iti
mposest
he
r
esponsi
bil
i
tyon el
ect
ed of
fi
cial
sto do whati
sri
ght
.Of
fi
cial
s hav
eto wor
k by
r
espect
ing t
he wi
l
loft
he peopl
e.Theyhav
eto exer
cise poweraccor
ding t
othe
Const
it
uti
on.Of
fi
ci
alsar
eaccount
abl
etot
hepeopl
e.Account
abi
l
ityi
sasi
tuat
ioni
n
whi
chel
ect
edof
fi
ci
alsar
eresponsi
blef
ort
hei
ract
ionsanddeci
sions.TheConst
it
uti
on
hast
hist
osayunderAr
ti
cle12,
sub-
art
icl
e1and2:

1.Theconductofaf
fai
rsofgover
nmentshal
lbet
ranspar
ent
.

2.Anypubl
icof
fi
cialoranel
ect
edr
epr
esent
ati
vei
saccount
abl
eforanyf
ail
urei
n
of
fi
cialdut
ies.