JAMI

AMI
LLI
AISLAMI
A

FACULTYOFLAW

PROJECTONJURI
SPRUDENCE

TOPI
C-I
HERI
NG’
STHEORYANDI
T’SCRI
TICI
SM

SUBMI
TTEDTO

Dr
.Eakr
amuddi
n

Facul
tyofLaw

Jami
aMi
l
li
aIsl
ami
a

SUBMI
TTEDBY

Name-Mahi
maChanchal
ani

St
udentI
d-201908202

Rol
lno.
-32

Cour
se-B.
A.L.
L.B(
Hons.
)Regul
ar

4thSemest
er2ndy
, ear
,Bat
ch-2019-
2024

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Iwoul
dli
ket
oexpr
essmypr
ofoundgr
ati
tudet
omanypeopl
e,aswi
thoutt
hei
rki
nd
suppor
t,i
twoul
dnotbepossi
blef
ormet
ocompl
etet
hispr
oject
.

Iwoul
dli
ket
oexpr
essmysi
ncer
ethankst
omypr
ofessorofConst
it
uti
onal
LawDr
.
Eakr
amuddi
nwhogav
emet
hegol
denoppor
tuni
tyt
oenhancemyhi
ddenoppor
tuni
ti
es.
Hi
sconst
antsuppor
tinpr
ovi
dingcr
uci
ali
nfor
mat
ionr
egar
dingt
hepr
ojecthel
pedmei
n
i
tssuccessf
ulcompl
eti
on.

Iwoul
dli
ket
oexpr
essmygr
ati
tudet
omypar
ent
sandmyf
ami
l
ywi
thoutwhose
cont
inuoussuppor
tandencour
agementt
hispr
ojectcoul
dnothav
ebeencompl
eted.

Last
ly,
Iwoul
dli
ket
oexpr
essmysi
ncer
egr
ati
tudet
oGodf
orpr
ovi
dingmewi
th
ev
ery
thi
ngt
hatwasr
equi
redf
orcompl
eti
ngt
hepr
oject
.

2
 I
NDEX
SERI
ALNO. TOPI
C PAGENO.

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion 4

2. Soci
ologi
cal
School
ofJur
ispr
udence 5

3. Reasonfortheemergenceofsoci
ologi
cal
school
of 5-
6
j
uri
sprudence-Whatisl
aissezf
air
e

4. Rudol
fVonI
her
ing 6-
7

5. Rudol
fVonI
her
ing-LawandSoci
alPur
pose 7-
9

6. I
her
ing’
stheor
yofl
aw 9-
10

7. Jur
ispr
udenceofI
nter
est
s 10-
11

8. I
her
ing’
sCont
ri
but
ion 11

9. Cr
it
ici
sm agai
nstI
her
ing’
stheor
y 12

10. Compar
isonofI
her
ing’
stheor
ywi
thDugui
ttheor
y 12-
13

11. Concl
usi
on 13

12. Bi
bli
ogr
aphy 13

3
 I
NTRODUCTI
ON

Themai
nideabehi
ndSoci
ologi
cal
School
ist
oest
abl
i
shar
elat
ionbet
weent
heLawand
Soci
ety
.Thi
sschool
oft
houghtemphasi
zesont
hel
egal
per
spect
iveofev
erypr
obl
em
andt
hechangest
hatt
akepl
acei
nthesoci
ety
.Soci
ologi
cal
school
ofj
uri
spr
udencehas
emer
gedwi
thv
ari
ousj
uri
sti
cthought
s.I
thasemer
gedasar
eact
iont
oposi
ti
vi
sm.Thi
s
school
wasdev
elopedar
oundi
n19t
hto20t
hcent
ury
.Att
het
imeofdev
elopmentof
Soci
ologi
cal
school
,manyj
uri
stsamaj
orl
i
keDugui
t,Pound,
Iher
ingandEhl
ri
chhav
e
beenofgr
eati
mpor
tanceast
heyhav
eli
nkedl
awwi
thot
hersoci
alsci
encedi
sci
pli
nes.
I
nthei
rvi
ews,
lawi
sconcer
nedwi
thi
tsef
fectonsoci
etyandt
her
efor
e,i
twoul
dbe
er
roneoust
otr
eati
tasamer
ecommandorGod’
swi
l
lort
hepeopl
e’
sconsci
ence.

Theexponentoft
hisschool
consi
der
edl
awasasoci
alphenomenon,
becausei
t
i
mpact
sint
hesoci
etywi
tht
hehel
pofexi
sti
ngr
elat
ionshi
ps.Theyi
nsi
stt
hatt
hej
uri
st
shoul
dfocust
hei
rat
tent
iononsoci
ali
nst
it
uti
ons,
soci
alpur
poseandi
nter
estser
vedby
l
awr
athert
hanoni
ndi
vi
dual
sandt
hei
rabst
ractr
ight
s.Accor
dingt
othi
sschool
,the
essent
ial
char
act
eri
sti
cofl
awshoul
dbet
orepr
esentcommoni
nter
act
ionofmeni
n
soci
algr
oups,
whet
herpastorpr
esent
,anci
entormoder
n.

I
her
ingl
aidt
hef
oundat
ionofmoder
nsoci
ologi
cal
jur
ispr
udencebyt
hisi
nsi
stenceon
t
reat
ingl
awasoneoft
hei
mpor
tantf
act
orst
ocont
rol
thesoci
alor
gani
sm .
Accor
dingt
o
hi
m:

i
)Lawhasacoer
civ
echar
act
er

i
i
)Ithasonl
yar
elat
ivev
alue;
and

i
i
i)I
thast
obeev
aluat
edi
nthesoci
alcont
ext
.

Thus,
het
reat
edl
awasanef
fect
ivei
nst
rumentf
ort
heat
tai
nmentofsoci
alpur
pose.But
t
heI
her
ing‘
slegal
theor
yhasbeencr
it
ici
zedf
ort
wor
easons.Fi
rst
ly,
Iher
ing’
stheor
yis
t
hati
tpoi
ntsoutonl
ythepr
obl
emsandnott
hesol
uti
ons.Hesay
sthatt
het
askofl
awi
s
t
oreconci
l
etheconf
li
cti
ngi
nter
estbuthedoesnotsayi
nwhi
chdi
rect
ioni
tshoul
dbe

4
done.Secondl
y,somej
uri
stshav
ecr
it
ici
zedhi
stheor
ybysay
ingt
hatl
awpr
otect
sthe
‘
wil
l
’andnot‘
pur
pose’
asst
atedbyI
her
ing.

SOCI
OLOGI
CALSCHOOLOFJURI
SPRUDENCE

Soci
ologi
cal
school
ofJur
ispr
udencehasemer
gedasar
esul
tofsy
nthesi
sofv
ari
ous
j
uri
sti
cthought
s.Theexponentoft
hisschool
consi
der
edl
awasasoci
alphenomenon.
Theyar
emai
nlyconcer
nedwi
tht
her
elat
ionshi
pofLawt
oot
hercont
empor
arysoci
al
i
nst
it
uti
ons.Theyi
nsi
stt
hatt
hej
uri
stshoul
dfocust
hei
rat
tent
iononsoci
ali
nst
it
uti
ons.
Theyi
nsi
stst
hatt
hej
uri
stsshoul
dfocust
hei
rat
tent
iononsoci
alpur
poseandi
nter
est
ser
vedbyl
awr
athert
hanoni
ndi
vi
dual
sandt
hei
rabst
ractr
ight
s.Accor
dingt
othi
s
school
,theessent
ial
char
act
eri
sti
cofl
awshoul
dbet
orepr
esentcommoni
nter
act
ionof
meni
nsoci
algr
oups,
whet
herpastorpr
esent
,anci
entormoder
n.

RoscoePound,
I
her
ing,
Enr
li
ch,
Dugui
tar
ethej
uri
stofSoci
ologi
cal
school
andt
hey
l
i
nked,
Lawwi
thot
hersoci
alsci
encedi
sci
pli
nesandt
reat
edi
tasasy
nthesi
sof
psy
chol
ogy,
phi
l
osophy
,economi
cs,
pol
i
tical
sci
ence,
soci
ology
,et
c.Accor
dingt
othem,
Lawwasanappl
i
edsci
enceempl
oyi
ngf
unct
ional
met
hodsofi
nvest
igat
ionandanal
ysi
s
f
orsol
vi
ngt
hesoci
alandi
ndi
vi
dual
’
spr
obl
ems.I
nthei
rvi
ew,
lawi
sconcer
nedwi
thi
ts
ef
fectonsoci
etyandt
her
efor
e,i
twoul
dbeer
roneoust
otr
eati
tasamer
ecommandor
God’
swi
l
lort
hepeopl
e’
sconsci
ence.

I
n1981,
Iher
ingf
ormul
atedt
hebasi
crel
ati
onoft
hisschool
.Int
heset
ermst
her
ewasa
hi
ghv
alui
ngofpr
oper
tyandl
owerv
alui
ngofper
son.Nowt
her
e’sl
owerv
alui
ngof
pr
oper
tyandhi
gherv
alui
ngofper
son.
1

REASONFORTHEEMERGENCEOFSOCI
OLOGI
CALSCHOOLOF
JURI
SPRUDENCE

WHATI
SLAI
SSEZFAI
RE

Accor
dingt
otheBr
it
anni
adi
cti
onar
y,“
Lai
ssez-
fai
rei
sthepol
i
cyofmi
nimum gov
ernment
al

1Avai
lableat:ht
tp:
//www.l
egalser
vicei
ndi
a.com/
legal
/ar
ti
cle-
3501-
soci
ologi
cal
-school
-
of
-j
uri
sprudence/(Lastv
isi
tedonApr i
l19,
2020)
5
i
nter
fer
encei
ntheeconomi
caf
fai
rsofi
ndi
vi
dual
sandsoci
ety
”.2

Lai
ssez-
Fai
rei
stheunr
est
ri
ctedf
reedom gi
vent
opeopl
ebyt
hegov
ernment
.Iti
sa
gov
ernment
alpol
i
cyi
nwhi
cht
hegov
ernmentandl
awwi
l
lnoti
nter
fer
eint
heeconomi
c
mat
terofpeopl
e.I
ntheLai
ssez-
Fai
reeconomy
,theonl
yrol
eofgov
ernmentandl
awi
sto
pr
eventanyconf
li
ctandcoer
cionagai
nsti
ndi
vi
dual
sli
ket
hef
t,f
raudet
c.

Thesoci
ologi
cal
appr
oacht
ojur
ispr
udencewhi
chr
esul
tedoutoft
hechangei
nthepol
i
tical
shi
ftf
rom t
hedoct
ri
neoft
hel
aissez-
fai
re,
thei
ndust
ri
alandt
echnol
ogi
cal
rev
olut
ionand
f
inal
l
ythehi
stor
ical
school
bri
ngi
ngi
ntof
ocust
her
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
hel
awandsoci
al
wel
far
eSt
ateoft
hemoder
ncent
ury
,hasat
tempt
edt
ost
udyl
awasseeki
ngsoci
alor
igi
nof
l
awandl
egal
inst
it
uti t
ons,est
ingl
awasagi
vensoci
alphenomenonandl
ast
lyj
udgi
ng
l
awbyi
tssoci
alut
il
it
y.3

Duet
oLai
ssez-
Fai
re,
all
peopl
ear
egi
vi
ngmor
eimpor
tancet
othei
ndi
vi
dual
int
erestand
i
gnor
edt
hegener
ali
nter
estorst
atei
nter
estandwel
far
eoft
hest
ate.TheSoci
ologi
cal
school
cameoutasar
eact
ionagai
nstt
hel
aissez-
fai
rebecausesoci
ologi
cal
school
adv
ocat
est
hebal
ancebet
weent
hewel
far
eoft
hest
ateandi
ndi
vi
dual
int
erest
.

RUDOLFVONI
HERI
NG

Rudol
fVonI
her
ingcompl
etedhi
seducat
ionatBer
li
ninGer
many
.Hewor
kedasa
pr
ofessoratBasel
andi
sknownast
he‘
Fat
herofModer
nSoci
ologi
cal
Jur
ispr
udence’
.
Hedev
elopedaphi
l
osophyofsoci
alut
il
it
ari
ani
sm andcombi
nest
hem wi
thAust
ini
an
posi
ti
vi
sm t
hat
,inemphasi
zi
ngt
heneedsofsoci
ety
,di
ff
eredf
rom t
hei
ndi
vi
dual
i
st
appr
oachoft
heEngl
i
shut
il
it
ari
anphi
l
osopherJer
emyBent
ham.Her
eject
edt
hev
iewof
t
heHi
stor
ical
School
.Accor
dingt
ohi
m,t
heor
igi
nofl
awi
snei
therspont
aneousnor
peacef
ul.“
Iti
sther
esul
tofconst
antst
ruggl
eorconf
li
ctwi
thav
iewt
oat
tai
ningpeace
andor
der
”.I
her
ingsay
s,“
Lawi
stheguar
ant
eeoft
hecondi
ti
onofl
i
feofsoci
etyassur
ed

2Av
ail
abl
eat
:ht
tps:
//www.
bri
tanni
ca.
com/
topi
c/l
aissez-
fai
re(
LastVi
sit
edonApr
il19,
2021)
3V.D.Mahaj Jur
an, ispr
udenceandLegalTheor
y605(
East
ernBookCompany
,
Lucknow,
2006)
6
byt
heSt
ate’
spowerofconst
rai
nt”
.4

Hi
swor
k“Spi
ri
tofLaw”waspubl
i
shedi
nfourv
olumesdur
ing1852-
1865.Lat
er,
he
publ
i
shedhi
spr
inci
plewor
kwhi
cht
ransl
atedas‘
LawasameansToanEnd’
in1913.I
n
t
hiswor
k,hecr
it
ici
zedt
henat
ionofi
ndi
vi
dual
freedom andl
i
ber
tyasadv
ocat
edbyKant
andBent
ham ast
heyhaddi
vor
cel
egal
theor
yfr
om soci
alr
eal
i
ties5.Het
husopposed
t
hedoct
ri
neofi
ndi
vi
dual
i
sm whi
chi
nhi
svi
ewwasi
ncompat
ibl
etot
hecauseofsoci
al
j
ust
ice.I
her
ingopi
nedt
hatsoci
ali
nter
estoft
hesoci
etymustgai
npr
ior
it
yov
er
i
ndi
vi
dual
int
erestandt
hepur
poseofl
awshoul
dbet
opr
otectt
hei
nter
estoft
hesoci
ety
.
Hi
slegal
phi
l
osophyonsoci
ologi
cal
aspect
sofl
aw.
6

RUDOLFVONI
HERI
NG-LAW ANDSOCI
ALPURPOSE

Gener
all
ycr
edi
tedasbei
ngt
hef
atherofsoci
ologi
cal
jur
ispr
udence,
Iher
ing’
stheor
yof
l
awbasesi
tsel
fonsoci
ali
nter
est
s.I
nshor
t,f
orI
her
ing,
lawexi
stst
oser
vesoci
al
i
nter
est
s.Lawaccor
dingt
oIher
ingi
s:“
thesum ofcondi
ti
onsofsoci
all
i
fei
nthewi
dest
senseoft
het
ermsassecur
edbyt
hepoweroft
hest
atet
hor
ought
hemeansofex
ter
nal
compul
sion”
.Iher
inghi
ghl
i
ght
sther
oleofcoer
cion(
ext
ernal
compul
sion)i
nsecur
ing
t
hepur
poseoft
hel
awwhi
chi
sthecondi
ti
onofsoci
all
i
fe.ForI
her
ing,
lawconsi
stsof
t
hoser
ulesl
aiddownbysoci
etyt
hathav
ecoer
cion.Thi
snot
ionofcoer
cioni
ssi
mil
art
o
t
henot
ionemphasi
zedbycommandt
heor
ist
s.Si
ncet
hest
atei
sthesol
epossessorof
coer
cioni
nsoci
ety
,iti
stheonl
ysour
ceofl
aw.Thecr
it
eri
ont
hatdi
sti
ngui
shesl
awf
rom
et
hicsandmor
ali
tyi
sther
efor
eli
esi
nthef
actt
hatLawi
srecogni
zabl
eandr
eal
i
zabl
e
duet
othef
orceoft
hest
ate.

Howev
er,
unl
i
kecommandt
heor
ies,
Iher
inggoesf
urt
heri
nident
if
yingcoer
cionast
he
out
ersi
deofl
awwhi
l
ehest
atest
hatnor
msmakeupt
hei
nnerel
ementofl
aw.The
nor
misapr
oposi
ti
onofapr
act
ical
kind(
orr
ule)i
nasmuchasi
tisadi
rect
ionf
or

4Av
ail
abl
eat
:ht
tps:
//www.
legal
bit
es.
in/
soci
ologi
cal
-school
-of
-j
uri
spr
udence/(
Last
Vi
sit
edonApr il
19, 2021)
5Avail
ableat:https://
www. br
it
anni
ca.com/ bi
ogr
aphy/Rudol
f-
von-
Jher
ing(LastVi
sit
ed
onApri
l19, 2021)
6Dr.N.V.Par anjape,Studi
esinJur
isprudenceandLegalTheor
y94(Centr
alLaw
Agency,Al
lahabad, 2016)
7
humanconductandI
her
ingdescr
ibesi
tasanabst
racti
mper
ati
ve.Abst
racti
mper
ati
ves
i
ntheet
hical
wor
ldor
derwhi
chI
her
ingdescr
ibesar
esoci
ali
mper
ati
vessuchasl
aw,
mor
ali
ty,
ethi
cset
c.Howev
er,
lawsar
eregul
arl
ylai
ddownbyt
hest
ate.Thel
egal
i
mper
ati
vesar
edi
rect
edt
otheor
gansoft
hest
atet
hatar
eent
rust
edwi
tht
he
managementofcoer
cion.Thusnor
misapur
elyf
ormal
elementl
eadi
ngt
othecor
e
conceptoft
hecoer
cionwhi
chi
scent
ral
toI
her
ing’
stheor
y.

Asbot
hnor
msandcoer
cionar
efor
mal
element
sofl
awasperI
her
ing,
theydonot
i
nfor
mther
eaderoft
hespeci
fi
ccont
ent
soft
hel
aw.I
tishowev
ert
hrought
hecont
ent
ofl
awt
hatt
hepur
poseser
vedbyl
awi
nsoci
etymayber
eveal
ed.Whi
l
eakey
consi
der
ati
on,
thi
sther
efor
emeanst
hatt
hecont
entofl
awi
sinf
ini
tel
yvar
iedand
r
elat
ivet
othedi
ff
erentsoci
eti
es.Ther
eist
hust
hepossi
bil
i
tyofdescr
ibi
ngt
hecont
ent
s
ofl
awandsoci
alcondi
ti
onsofl
i
fe.I
tisv
ital
tohi
ghl
i
ghtt
hatf
orI
her
ingl
awcannot
maket
hesamer
egul
ati
onsf
oral
lthet
imeandf
oral
lthepeopl
e.I
tmustadaptt
hem t
o
t
hecondi
ti
onsoft
hepeopl
etot
hei
rdegr
eeofci
vi
li
zat
ionandt
otheneedsoft
het
ime.
Thest
andar
dofl
awi
snott
rut
h(whi
chi
sanabsol
ute)butpur
posewhi
chi
srel
ati
ve
(
eveni
ftheymayonoccasi
onr
esembl
eeachot
her
)andt
hispur
posei
stosecur
e
condi
ti
onsofsoci
all
i
fe.

Condi
ti
onsofsoci
all
i
fei
ncl
udet
hecondi
ti
onofphy
sical
exi
stenceaswel
last
hose
goodsandpl
easur
est
hatgi
veone’
sli
fei
tst
ruev
aluei
nhi
sjudgment
.Al
ll
egal
pr
inci
plesf
orI
her
ingcanber
educedt
othesecur
it
yofcondi
ti
onofsoci
all
i
fe.The
condi
ti
onsofsoci
all
i
feasr
elat
edt
otheat
ti
tudeofl
awt
owar
dthem ar
ethr
eet
ypes:
(1)
ext
ra-
legal
,(2)mi
xedl
egal
,and(
3)pur
elyl
egal
.Ext
ral
egal
condi
ti
onofl
i
febel
ongst
o
nat
ureandmanr
ecei
vest
hem wi
thoutexpendi
nganyef
for
t.Lawhasnot
hingt
odowi
th
mani
nnat
ure.Themi
xedl
egal
condi
ti
onbel
ongsexcl
usi
vel
ytomanandi
ncl
udes
pr
eser
vat
ionofl
i
fe,
repr
oduct
ion,
laborandt
radecor
respondi
ngt
ohi
sinst
inct
sofsel
f-
pr
eser
vat
ion,
sexandacqui
sit
ionandl
awcomest
oassi
stt
hesei
nst
inct
swhent
heyf
ail
.
Thepur
elyl
egal
condi
ti
onsar
ethoset
hatdependent
ir
elyonl
egal
commandf
ore.
g.t
he
commandt
opaydebt
sort
axes.

I
her
ingi
nsi
stst
hatt
her
eal
i
zat
ionoft
hel
awbyt
hest
ateenabl
est
hei
ndi
vi
dual
todesi
re
t
hecommoni
nter
estaswel
lashi
sowni
ndi
vi
dual
int
erest
,thusi
ndi
vi
dual
int
erest

8
becomespar
tofsoci
alpur
posebyconnect
ingone’
spur
posewi
tht
hei
nter
est
sof
ot
her
s/t
hesoci
ety
.Ther
econci
l
iat
ionbet
weent
hei
nter
est
soft
hei
ndi
vi
dual
andt
hose
oft
hesoci
etyi
sachi
evedt
hrought
hel
ever
sofsoci
almot
ion.Soci
etyact
supon
i
ndi
vi
dual
sthr
ought
wobasi
cmot
ivesofegoi
sm andal
tr
uism.Theegoi
sti
clev
ers(
of
soci
almot
ion)ar
emadeupofr
ewar
dandcoer
cionwhi
l
etheal
tr
uist
icl
ever
sar
emade
upoff
eel
i
ngsofdut
yandl
ove.
7

I
her
ingcl
ear
lyi
ndi
cat
est
hepl
aceofl
awi
nful
fi
ll
i
ngacl
earsoci
alpur
poseofadv
anci
ng
t
hei
nter
est
sofsoci
ety
.Buthi
scr
it
icsbel
i
evet
hathef
ail
stocl
ari
fyordet
ermi
neaway
i
nwhi
chonecandeal
wit
hconf
li
cti
ngpur
posesandi
nter
est
sther
ebymaki
nghi
stheor
y
sucht
hatt
her
ewi
l
lbeaheav
yrel
i
anceont
heconceptwhi
chdoesnotal
l
owf
orapr
oper
bal
anci
ngofi
nter
est
sbet
weent
hei
ndi
vi
dual
andcol
l
ect
ivei
nter
est
s.Tocl
ari
fy,
iti
sin
f
actl
i
kel
ythatt
hesoci
almot
ionsoft
hel
ever
sofr
ewar
dandcoer
cioncansubj
ugat
e
i
ndi
vi
dual
int
erest
sinst
eadofr
econci
l
ingt
hem.Mor
eov
ert
osayt
hatdeepl
yabi
ding
conf
li
ctsofi
nter
est
scanbeel
i
minat
edbyf
eel
i
ngsofdut
yandl
oveseem i
nadequat
ein
t
rul
ypr
ovi
dingf
ormechani
smsf
orbal
anci
ngi
nter
est
s.

Anot
herar
eaofweaknessoft
het
heor
ymayl
i
eint
hef
actt
hatwhi
l
ethemai
nconcer
n
ofhi
stheor
yist
oconsi
dert
hosecondi
ti
onsofmanandsoci
etyt
hatar
eindependentof
l
aw,
ort
hosecondi
ti
onst
hatemer
gepr
iort
olawandt
hatdef
inel
aw’
sfunct
ionand
goal
s,i
twoul
dber
easonabl
etoexpectani
nqui
ryi
ntoext
ra-
legal
sour
cesofl
awi
n
det
ail
.Howev
er,
Iher
ing’
ssubsequenti
nqui
ryconf
inesi
tsel
ftoanal
yzi
ngconcept
sand
t
echni
quesofl
awi
nst
eadofcl
ari
fyi
ngobj
ect
ivecondi
ti
onsandpur
posest
hatcal
lfor
t
heappl
i
cat
ionofl
awanddef
inet
hef
unct
ionswhi
chmakest
het
heor
ysomewhatt
oo
l
i
mit
edcompar
edt
othewi
derscopet
hatwoul
dbeexpect
edf
rom at
heor
yoft
his
nat
ure.

I
HERI
NG’
STHEORYOFLAW

Accor
dingt
oIher
ingl
awi
sapar
tofhumanconductandi
nthei
deaofpur
pose,
Iher
ing
f
oundt
hemai
nspr
ingofl
aws,
whi
char
eonl
yinst
rument
sforser
vingt
heneedsof

7Av
ail
abl
eat
:ht
tps:
//bl
og.
ipl
eader
s.i
n/soci
ologi
cal
-school
-of
-j
uri
spr
udence/(
Last
v
isi
tedonApr
il19,
2021)
9
soci
ety
.Thepr
obl
em oft
hesoci
etyi
stor
econci
l
esel
fi
shwi
thunsel
fi
shpur
poseandt
o
suppr
esst
hef
ormerwhent
heycl
ashwi
tht
hel
att
es.
Iher
ingst
ressedt
hatl
awdoesnot
exi
stf
ort
hei
ndi
vi
dual
asendi
nhi
msel
f,butser
veshi
sint
erestwi
tht
hegoodofsoci
ety
i
nvi
ew.Manasasoci
alani
mal
standsonasuper
iorpl
anet
omansi
mpl
yasanani
mal
.
Forexampl
e,Pr
oper
tyi
sbot
hasoci
alandi
ndi
vi
dual
’
sri
ght
s.I
nor
dert
oreconci
l
ethe
i
ndi
vi
dual
wit
hsoci
ety
,iti
snecessar
ytobal
ancev
ari
ousi
nter
est
s,i
ntot
hreecat
egor
ies:
-

1)I
ndi
vi
dual
int
erest
s

2)St
atei
nter
est
s,and

3)Soci
ali
nter
est
s.

I
her
ingsay
sthatt
hesoci
alact
ivi
ti
esofpeopl
eneedt
oencour
aged,
andt
hisi
s
accompl
i
shedbymeansoft
he‘
pri
nci
pleoft
hel
eav
ersofsoci
almot
ion’
.Ther
ear
efour
pr
inci
pleswhi
chdi
rectment
owar
dssoci
alendsort
oengagei
nsoci
alact
ivi
ti
es:
-

1)Pr
inci
pleofRewar
d

2)Pr
inci
pleofCoer
cion

3)Pr
inci
pleofdut
y

4)Pr
inci
pleofLov
e.

I
her
ingt
heor
ydev
elopsaspect
stoAust
ini
anposi
ti
vi
sm andcombi
nest
hem wi
tht
he
pr
inci
plesofut
il
it
ari
ani
sm asest
abl
i
shedbyBent
ham anddev
elopedbyMi
l
e.

Accor
dingt
oIher
ing,
thedev
elopmentofl
awl
i
kei
tsor
igi
nisnei
therspont
aneousnor
peacef
ul.
Iti
sresul
tofconst
antst
ruggl
eorconf
li
ctwi
thav
iewt
oat
tai
npeaceand
or
der
.

I
her
ingt
akesl
awasameanst
oanend.Theendofl
awi
stoser
vepur
pose.
Thi
s
pur
posei
snoti
ndi
vi
dual
butsoci
alpur
posewheni
ndi
vi
dual
pur
posecomesi
nconf
li
ct
wi
thsoci
alpur
pose,
thedut
yoft
hest
atei
stopr
otectandf
urt
hersoci
alpur
posesand
t
osuppr
esst
hosei
ndi
vi
dual
pur
poseswhi
chcl
ashwi
thi
t.Thi
sendmaybeser
ved

10
ei
therbyr
egar
dorbycoer
cionandi
tist
hel
aterwhi
chi
susedbyt
hest
ate.Ther
efor
e
l
awi
sacoer
cionor
gani
zedi
nsetf
orm byt
hest
ate.Buti
tshoul
dnotbegat
her
edt
hat
l
awi
stheonl
ymeanst
ocont
rol
thesoci
alor
gani
sm,
ori
tal
onecanpr
otectf
urt
heral
l
t
hesoci
alpur
poses.Lawi
sonl
yonef
act
oramongmanyot
her
s.8

JURI
SPRUDENCEOFI
NTERESTS

Rudol
phVonI
her
ingl
egal
phi
l
osophyi
sknownt
he‘
Jur
ispr
udenceofi
nter
est
s‘whi
ch
emphasi
zessoci
ologi
cal
aspect
sofl
aw.
Themai
ntenet
sofI
her
ing’
sjur
ispr
udenceof
i
nter
est
sisasf
oll
ows:
-

Lawi
sresul
tofconst
antst
ruggl
e:-
Iher
ing’
spoi
ntedoutt
hatt
heor
igi
nofl
awi
stobe
f
oundi
nsoci
alst
ruggl
es,
heaccept
edt
hatt
her
oleofi
stohar
moni
zeconf
li
cti
ng
i
nter
estofi
ndi
vi
dual
sfort
hepur
poseofpr
otect
ionoft
hei
nter
estoft
hesoci
etyasa
whol
e.

Lawi
stor
esul
tofConst
antSt
ruggl
e:-
Iher
ingconsi
der
edl
awasameanst
oanend.The
ul
ti
mat
eendofl
awi
ssoci
alpur
posear
enott
hei
ndi
vi
dual
sfort
hepur
poseof
pr
otect
ionoft
hei
nter
estoft
hesoci
etyasawhol
e.

Lawi
stoser
veasoci
alpur
pose:
-I
her
ingconsi
der
edl
awasameanst
oanend.The
ul
ti
mat
eendofLawi
ssoci
alpur
posear
enott
hei
ndi
vi
dual
pur
poseori
nter
est
.Iti
sthe
dut
yoft
hest
atet
opr
omot
esoci
ali
nter
estbyav
oidi
ngacl
ashbet
weent
hei
ndi
vi
dual
andsoci
ali
nter
est.
Heev
enj
ust
if
iedcoer
cionbyt
hest
atef
ort
hepur
poseofpr
otect
ion
oft
hesoci
ali
nter
est
.

Lawal
onei
snotameanst
ocont
rolt
hesoci
ety
:-I
her
ingmadei
tcl
eart
hatl
awal
one
wasnott
hemeanst
ocont
rol
thesoci
alor
gani
sm .
Ther
ear
esomeot
hercondi
ti
ons
suchascl
i
mat
e,t
opogr
aphyet
c.Howev
ert
her
ear
ecer
tai
naspect
sofsoci
all
i
fewhi
ch
canber
egul
atedandcont
rol
l
edexcl
usi
vel
ybyt
hei
nter
vent
ionofl
aw,
suchasr
isi
ngof
t
axesandr
evenues.Li
keBent
ham,
Iher
ingal
sodef
ines‘
I
nter
est
’int
ermsofpl
easur
e
andpai
n,t
hati
spur
sui
tofpl
easur
eandav
oidanceofpai
nmaybecal
l
edas’
Int
erest
’.I
t

8Dr
.Sanj
eevKumarTi
wariJur
, ispr
udenceLegalTheor
yandel
ement
sofLaw89
(
Samudhv
ab,Kol
kat
a,2012)
11
i
smai
nlyf
ort
hisr
easont
hatI
her
ing’
stheor
yhasbeencal
l
edas“
soci
alUt
il
it
ari
ani
sm”
.
Heconsi
der
spuni
shmentasameanst
oasoci
alend.Hei
sopposedt
oret
ri
but
ivepenal
pol
i
cy.
9

I
HERI
NG’
SCONTRI
BUTI
ON

I
her
ing’
sCont
ri
but
iont
othesci
enceofJur
ispr
udencehasbeenacknowl
edgedby
Fr
iedmanwhocal
l
shi
mthe‘
fat
herofmoder
nSoci
ologi
cal
jur
ispr
udence’
.I
her
ingt
raced
t
hedev
elopmentofv
ari
ousl
egal
syst
emsbyadopt
ingcompar
ati
vemet
hodofst
udy
andcamet
otheconcl
usi
ont
hatl
awdev
elopbyconsci
ousef
for
ts.
Hewasacr
it
icof
Sav
igny
’shi
stor
ical
theor
yandnat
ural
lawt
heor
iespr
opoundedbyhi
spr
edecessor
s.

I
her
ingl
aidt
hef
oundat
ionofmoder
nsoci
ologi
cal
jur
ispr
udencebyt
hisi
nsi
stenceon
t
reat
ingl
awasoneoft
hei
mpor
tantf
act
orst
ocont
rol
thesoci
alor
gani
sm .
Accor
dingt
o
hi
mi)Lawhasacoer
civ
echar
act
er.;
i
i)i
thasonl
yar
elat
ivev
alue;
andi
i
i)i
thast
obe
ev
aluat
edi
nthesoci
alcont
ext.
Thushet
reat
edl
awasanef
fect
ivei
nst
rumentf
ort
he
at
tai
nmentofsoci
alpur
pose.
Hist
heor
ywasl
aterdev
elopedbyDugui
t,RoscoePound
andot
her
s.

CRI
TICI
SM AGAI
NSTI
HERI
NG’
STHEORY

I
her
ing‘
slegal
theor
yhasbeencr
it
ici
zedf
ort
wor
easons:

1.Hepoi
ntsoutonl
ythepr
obl
ems,
nott
hesol
uti
on:
Themai
ncr
it
ici
sm agai
nst
I
her
ing’
stheor
yist
hatt
houghhesay
sthatt
het
askofl
awi
stor
econci
l
etheconf
li
cti
ng
i
nter
est
,hedoesnotsayi
nwhatdi
rect
ionsi
tshoul
dbedone.Hedr
awsourat
tent
iont
o
t
hecompl
i
cat
edpr
obl
emsofmoder
nli
febutgi
vesnosol
uti
ont
oit
.

2.Lawpr
otect
s‘wi
ll
’andnot‘
pur
pose’
:Anot
hercr
it
ici
sm i
sagai
nsthi
stheor
yof
pur
pose.Accor
dingt
omanyj
uri
sts,
thel
awpr
otect
s‘wi
l
l’andnot‘
pur
pose

Butt
hiscr
it
ici
sm hasnotat
tract
edmuchat
tent
ionbecausemanyj
uri
stsi
ncl
udi
ng
Kor
kunovbel
i
evet
hatl
awseekst
opr
otect‘
pur
pose‘
andnott
he‘
wil
l‘
oft
hesoci
ety
.

9Availableat:ht
tps:
//abhi
shekbhatt
i.
wixsi
te.
com/websit
e/post
/i
her
ing-
s-t
heor
y-of
-
soci
ological
-school-
of-
law/LastVisi
tedonApril
19,2021)
12
I
her
ingt
heor
ywasmai
nlybasedont
heBent
ham pr
inci
pleofut
il
it
ari
ani
sm andhe
soughtt
oreconci
l
ecompet
ingsoci
alandi
ndi
vi
dual
int
erest
s.10

COMPARI
SONOFI
HERI
NG’
STHEORYWI
THDUGUI
TTHEORY

Compar
isonoft
het
heor
yof‘
soci
alsol
i
dar
it
y’gi
venbyDugui
t,t
het
heor
yof‘
pur
poseof
l
aw’
giv
enbyI
her
ingi
sfardi
ff
erentandbasedont
hedi
ff
erentf
oot
inggi
venbel
ow:

1.UnderDugui
t’
stheor
y,t
heobj
ect
iveoft
hel
awi
stoser
vet
he‘
Soci
alSol
i
dar
it
y’whi
ch
meanst
hecooper
ati
onbet
weent
he‘
i
ndi
vi
dual
s’f
ort
hei
rneedwher
easI
her
ing’
stheor
y
ser
vest
he‘
pur
poseofl
aw’
thatt
hel
awi
stoser
vet
hesoci
alpur
poser
athert
han
i
ndi
vi
dual
pur
pose.So,
theDugui
tgav
epr
efer
encet
othei
ndi
vi
dual
swher
east
heI
her
ing
gav
epr
efer
encet
othesoci
etyatl
arge.

2.I
her
ing’
stheor
ytal
ksaboutt
hebal
anci
ngofconf
li
cti
ngi
nter
est
s’,
Indi
vi
dual
,Soci
al
et
c.wher
easDugui
tdoesnotmakeanysuchdi
sti
nct
ionbet
weent
hem r
atheri
ttal
k
aboutt
hecooper
ati
onbet
weeni
ndi
vi
dual
s.

3.Dugui
t’
stheor
yat
tacksont
he‘
Sov
erei
gnt
yoft
heSt
ate’
wher
est
atesahuman
or
gani
zat
ionandi
sther
esul
toft
hewi
l
lofi
ndi
vi
dual
s.Dugui
thasnof
ait
hinanal
l
-
power
ful
il
lumi
nat
ingaut
hor
it
y.Sov
erei
gnI
her
ing’
stheor
ysay
sthati
tist
hedut
yoft
he
St
atet
omai
ntai
nsoci
alcont
rol
byt
hepr
inci
pleofcoer
cionwhi
chmakest
heSt
atea
‘
supr
emeaut
hor
it
y’.

CONCLUSI
ON

Wecanconcl
udebysay
ingt
hataccor
dingt
oIher
ingl
awmeanst
hoser
uleswhi
ch
secur
ethecondi
ti
onsofsoci
all
i
febyst
atet
hroughcoer
cion.
Lawal
way
shasapur
pose
.
Thepur
posei
stopr
otectf
urt
hersoci
ali
nter
est
s.I
her
ingdef
inesi
nter
est
sast
opur
sui
t
ofav
oidanceofpai
n.

Thet
rueposi
ti
onasperI
her
ingi
sthatl
awi
sapr
ocesst
oachi
eveapr
operbal
ance
bet
weensoci
alandi
ndi
vi
dual
int
erest
s.Thusl
awhasapur
poset
opr
omot
esoci
al
i
nter
estandassucht
her
ecanbenol
awwhi
chdoesnotowei
tsor
igi
ntoadef
ini
te

13
pur
pose.
Iher
ing’
stheor
yofpur
posi
vel
awi
nspi
redsubsequentj
uri
sts,
not
abl
yRoscoe
poundt
odev
elopofhi
stheor
y,soci
ali
nter
estandsoci
alj
ust
icei
nsubsequenty
ear
s.

BI
BLI
OGRAPHY

WEBSI
TES

1.www.
legal
ser
vicesi
ndi
a.com

2.www.
bri
tanni
ca.
com

3.www.
blog.
ipl
eader
s.com

4.www.
abhi
shekbhat
ti
.wi
xsi
te.
com

5.www.
legal
bit
es.
com

BOOKS

1.Dr
.Sanj
eevKumarTi
war
i,Jur
ispr
udenceLegalTheor
yandel
ement
sofLaw89
(
Samudhv
ab,
Kol
kat
a,2012)

2.Dr
.N.V.Par
anj St
ape, udi
esi
nJur
ispr
udenceandLegalTheor
y94(
Cent
ral
Law
Agency
,Al
l
ahabad,
2016)
3.V.D.Mahaj Jur
an, ispr
udenceandLegalTheor
y605(
East
ernBookCompany
,
Lucknow,
2006)

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