Lipa City Colleges Eastern Quezon College, Inc

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Eastern Quezon College, Inc.
EFFECTS OF USING BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS

TO MONITOR ATTENDANCE AND PERFORMANCE
OF EMPLOYEES IN 4TH DISTRICT OF QUEZON
A Research Paper
Presented to
The Faculty of the Graduate School
LIPA CITY COLLEGES
Graduate Extension Program to
EASTERN QUEZON COLLEGE, INC.
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Business Administration
REA MARIZ I. JORDAN

CRIS ANNE O. LOTA
ARGIE P. VERANO
ARIENE ANN P. VERANO
December 2021
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APPROVAL SHEET
This research paper entitled “EFFECTS OF USING BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS
TO MONITOR ATTENDANCE AND PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN
4TH DISTRICT OF QUEZON”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Master in Business Administration has been examined and is
recommended for acceptance and approval for an oral examination.
__________________________
Adviser
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the COMMITTEE ON ORAL EXAMINATION with the
grade of ________on________________.
_________________________
Chairman
____________________ _____________________
Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

the degree of Master in Business Administration.
Comprehensive examination taken with a grade of
“____________”
MELCHOR B. ESPIRITU, Ed.D.

Dean, EQC Graduate Studies
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to extend their deepest appreciation and
gratitude to the following for making this study possible;
First of all, the researcher would like to give glory to the Almighty God
for giving them the blessings of strength, good health, knowledge, and
wisdom;
The School Administrators of Lipa City Colleges and Eastern Quezon
College Inc. for the encouragement and support in the completion of this
study.
The researchers’ adviser and Dean of Graduate Studies Department,
Dr. Melchor Espiritu, for sharing her expertise, generosity, and professional
guidance;
The researchers’ families and friends for their unconditional love,
encouragement, support, and guidance.
And to everyone who directly and indirectly helped in making this study
possible, the researchers are deeply indebted to them.
R.C.A.A
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DEDICATION
We dedicate this work to
God Almighty, the source of all knowledge and wisdom;
Our families and friends for the unconditional love, words of encouragement,
and support throughout this study;
And to our loved ones for serving as our inspiration
R.C.A.A
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE………………………………………………… i
APPROVAL SHEET………………………………………... ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………... iii
DEDICATION.................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………. v
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………. vii
I. INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the study ………………………… 1
Theoretical Framework …………………………. 4
Statement of the Problem ……………………….. 6
Conceptual Framework…………………………… 7
Significance of the Study…………………………. 7
Scope and Delimitation…………………………… 7
Definition of Terms………………………………… 9
I. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Related Literature………………………………….. 12
Related Studies ……………………………………. 24
II. RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE
Research Design…………………………………… 29
Participants of the Study…………………………... 30
Sampling Technique……………………………….. 30
Data Gathering Procedure………………………… 30
Research Instruments……………………………… 31
Statistical Treatment of Data………………………. 32
REFERENCES …………………………………………… 35
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APPENDICES
Survey Questionnaire………………………………. 37
CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………… 42

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title Page
Number
1 Biometric System...…………………………………………… 5
2 Conceptual Framework………………………..……………… 7
3 Classification of Biometric Traits…………………................. 16
4 Example of Fingerprint Scanning…………………………….. 17
5 Example of Face Scanning…………………………………… 18
6 Example of DNA Scanning………………………………….. 18
7 Example of Hand Scanning………………………………….. 19
8 Example of Iris Scanning…………………………….……… 19
9 Example of Voice Recognition……………………………… 20
10 Example of Key Stroke……………………………………… 20
11 Example of Signature Recognition………………………… 20

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background of the Study
Attendance as a work ethic includes sticking to work schedules,
being ready to start work on time, remaining on the job during the
workday to complete duties and limited use of leave. Attendance can
be quantified and verified, and employers keep employee attendance
and leave records. When employers check references, they may ask
about attendance. The most qualified job applicant can lose out
because of attendance problems. Poor attendance says a candidate is
insensitive to co-workers, unaccountable for his responsibilities, and
uninterested in company success.
According to Ameer Ullah (2018), “biometrics is the science of verifying
the identity of an individual through physiological measurements and
behavioral traits. Since biometric identifiers are associated permanently with
the user they are more reliable than token or knowledge-based authentication
methods.”
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Biometric technology as a means of identifying and verifying
an individual`s characteristics is widely used in many aspects of
peoples` lives nowadays. In this regard, public organizations use this
technology to provide a more comprehensive system in monitoring
employee attendance and how it may affect their performance (Gladys
et al, 2018).
The biometric system is the solution to address this problem. This
system involves the identification and verification of individuals by analyzing
human fingerprints. Biometric system is becoming increasingly popular today
because of their many benefits. It can read a person’s fingerprint, iris, hand
shape, or face shape. One of the most used biometric technologies is the
fingerprint recognition system. By placing a finger on the scanner, the system
reads the fingerprint and allows daily recording of the employee’s login and
log out.
“Usually, this monitoring system is permanently installed in the main
entrance, near the Human Resource Department or near the offices of Top
Management. However, this stationary installation is not suitable for
monitoring actual employee attendance inside the office.” (G.C Almiranez et
al., 2011)
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Foudil Belhadj (2017) demonstrated that the automation of fingerprint
recognition was an absolute necessity due to the huge amount of data to be
processed every day by manual inspection. Advanced technologies
registered in electronic-sensing and computing technologies have made
automation a reality. An automated fingerprint identification system is
principally a minutiae-based process that goes through several steps by
starting acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, features extraction
up to matching. The system decision is taken in the function of the matching
results.”
Theoretically, the use of biometric time and attendance systems
has enormous benefits. It helps to improve performance and promote
healthy labor relations by reducing the risk of potential human error of
time recording keeping. Despite the benefits of the system to the
employer and employees, the use of biometric fingerprint time and
attendance devices by observation seems to have been perceived
negatively largely by the employees ( Cupido, 2011).
Without biometric identification, companies still rely on manual
methods of payroll calculation which are not only extremely time-
consuming also come with a risk of errors. In comparison to these
manual methods, the biometric attendance system is error-free, quick
to install, user-friendly, and highly accurate.

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The researchers choose this research study to critically analyze
various forms of biometric technology systems and how they have
been used in the past till the present time, especially when it comes to
the issue of staff attendance systems in various organizations. The
researchers wanted to know how does biometrics affects monitoring
employee attendance as well as their performance. Also, the study
highlights various factors that are to be considered when implementing
a biometric system for a particular purpose and aims to develop an
accurate, fast, efficient, time theft, and error-free attendance system
using biometrics.
Theoretical Framework
Biometric time and attendance systems play a critical role in
employee management, payroll generation, monthly attendance report
generation. It has a crucial role in helping human resource officers to
generate effective employee reports based on their performance. It can
also help in payroll management and predict the possible growth
strategies.
Figure 1. Biometrics is a technology used to identify, analyze, and
measure an individual’s physical and behavioral characteristics.

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Each human being is unique in terms of characteristics, which make him or
her different from all others. The physical attributes such as fingerprints, the
color of the iris, the color of hair, hand geometry, and behavioral
characteristics such as tone and accent of speech, signature, or the way of
typing keys of a computer keyboard, etc., make a person stand separate
from the rest.
This uniqueness of a person is then used by the biometric systems to −
 Identify and verify a person.
 Authenticate a person to give appropriate rights of system operations.
 Keep the system safe from unethical handling.

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Figure 1. BIOMETRIC SYSTEM
Finger scanning will be done during the enrolment for every employee
to register their fingerprints to the machine’s system. Data will be stored in the
temporary storage and ready for actual attendance recording.
Upon the scanning of the fingerprint, it will be viewed and recognized
by the system. Then will present the identification of the employee together
with the time and date of fingerprint entry.
Statement of the Problem

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This research study intends to help the company administrators to
establish an efficient and effective system in monitoring employee attendance
in their respective department areas.
1. What is the demographic profile of the employee in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Sex;
1.3 Marital Status
1.4 years of service in the company
2. What are the different types of biometrics used by private companies in
monitoring their employees?
3. What are the effects of biometric attendance on employee
performance?
4. Is there a significant difference in the effects of using the biometric
system in monitoring employee attendance when respondents are
grouped according to demographic profile?
5. How do you rate the benefits of biometric system in terms of:
5.1. Efficiency
5.2. Time-Saving
5.3. Accuracy
Conceptual Framework
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A conceptual framework illustrates what you expect to find through
your research. It defines the relevant variables for your study and maps out
how they might relate to each other (Swaen, 2015)
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Employee Attendance
Biometric System
Employee
Performance
Figure 2: Conceptual Framework
The independent variable, that is, the biometric system is thought to affect
employee attendance and performance
Significance of the Study
The study will give the administrators, and top management a clear
idea of what a biometric system can do and improve employee
attendance. This study will be easy access, lessen effort and time in
monitoring the attendance department, and attempts to introduce a
system that is a flexible solution for the administrators.

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The main benefactors of this study would be the private companies
and their employees to broaden their knowledge about the proposed
system.
All the employees in government and private regardless of their
employment status will also benefit from the study as they will know the
importance of monitoring employee attendance to prevent tardiness and
absenteeism.
The researchers, who are also employees, this study will also be
useful to their different fields.
This study also serves as a reference for graduating students who are
future employees, as they will be informed of the pros and cons of the
biometrics system.
Future Researchers can also use this study in their quest for
knowledge regarding monitoring of employee attendance.
Scope and Delimitation of the study
The researcher will be surveying the private companies that are using
a biometric system for checking the attendance of the employees. This
system can be a tool to organize the records or data of the employees. It
is accurate and secure data. It also assures that the employee is present
and will avoid proxy in terms of logging because biometric only accept the
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thumbprint of the specific employee. Specifically, respondents will answer
the online questionnaire regardless of age, gender, marital status, and
years of service in the company.
The study will utilize a quantitative design method of research in
gathering data to answer the research problems. The researchers’ criteria
for the selection of the respondents were: a) employees from private
companies and b) willingness to participate in this study.
The online questionnaire will be used to gather the primary data and
given online by the researcher to all the respondents employed in private
companies.
Definition of Terms
Attendance. Refers to the action or state of going regularly to or being
present at a place or event.
Behavioral biometrics. The term contrasts with physical biometrics,
which involves innate human characteristics such as fingerprints or iris
patterns.
Biometric System. Refers to the measurement and statistical analysis of
people's physical and behavioral characteristics. The technology is mainly

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used for identification and access control, or for identifying individuals that
are under surveillance.
Biometric Template. Refers to a digital reference of the distinct
characteristics that are extracted from a biometric sample.
Candidate/Subject. A person who enters his biometric sample.
Capacitive Sensing. Refers to a sensor that is a proximity sensor that
detects nearby objects by their effect on the electrical field created by the
sensor.
Closed-Set Identification. The person is known to be existing in the
database.
Data. Data is defined as facts or figures, or information that's stored in or
used by a computer.
Dissemination. Spread or give out news, information, ideas, etc. to
many people.
Enrollment. It is when a candidate uses a biometric system for the first
time, it records the basic information such as name, address, etc., and
then records the candidate’s biometric trait.
Error Free. Refers to a containing no mistakes; faultless.
Faculty. Refers to the teaching staff of a university or college, or of one of
its departments or divisions, viewed as a body.

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Fingerprint. Fingerprints are the tiny ridges, whorls, and valley patterns
on the tip of each finger.
Identification. Refers to the ability to name or recognize someone or
something
Monitoring. Refers to observation and checking the progress or quality of
(something) over some time; keep under systematic review.
Physiological biometrics. Refers to data derived from direct
measurements of parts of the human body.
Task. It is when the biometric system searches the database for matching
samples.
Verification. Refers to the act or process of verifying: the state of
being verified
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter provides readings that are useful in understanding
the variables used in this research. This is a combination of literature
relative to the current study and previous research underpinning the
concepts and results. The search is refined by limiting it to articles that
reported research studies in monitoring employee attendance by the
use of biometrics between 2010 to 2021 and available in English.
Related Literature
This section discusses the local and foreign literature written by
different experts. This supports the reader’s search of connection
among variables used in this study.
According to the trackforce2 website, an employee attendance
monitoring system is important for the management to ensure employees’
time effectively so that you can get the most out of their time. You need to
maintain complete records of sick leave and holidays, as well as ensure that
your employees are being paid correctly.

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Keril Patel a Marketing Intern at sumHR and a blogger indicate
on his June 25, 2021, blog that there are different types of the
attendance management system and some of them are the following:
 Manual System – The employee’s time is recorded in a Register or an
MS-Excel or in a book depending on how it is recorded.
You can purchase a muster roll register at a stationery store for
manually entering employee information.
 Timesheets – The sheets document when tasks are started and
finished by employees. As a result, the employer will receive a detailed
breakdown of the tasks the employee accomplished during his or her
entire tenure. Information like this is used to estimate time and
management resources
It is common to use these timesheets online. These timesheets
can sometimes be accessed via the web. As a result, it is possible to
track effectively and employees’ working hours.
 Mechanized Systems – The system generates a record automatically
with all the employee timing in and out based on the data inputs.
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The employee must swipe/register every time he or she enters
or leaves the office. Therefore, the employee needs not to be
scrutinized every time an entry or exit is made.
 Time Cards – Each employee receives a time card that must be swiped on
a machine to punch their attendance. As soon as a card is swiped, the
data in the card is collected, and the data is transferred to the computer,
all the manual paperwork is eliminated from the process. You can
integrate your system with other third-party card swipe systems.
 Proximity Card, Badges, or Key Fobs – Using these systems, the need
for swiping is eliminated. It is the employee’s responsibility to pass the
proximity card, badge, or key fob in front of the reader when using
these types of attendance systems or even a few inches away. A few of
these systems can also be used to monitor employee movement
throughout a facility.
 Biometric Attendance - This template is captured and stored on a smart
card or database of a biometric machine so that it can be used to verify
a user’s identity. Consequently, users are identified by their biometric
characteristics alone, without the use of smart cards, usernames, or
other identification metho 2 Class of biometric attendance:

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Physiological biometrics – in which fingerprints, hand, face, iris, etc.
are captured and compared. Fingerprints are the most widely used
physiological biometric.
Behavioral biometrics – in which a person’s behavior is
analyzed, including the recognition of the voice, signatures, and
keystrokes, etc.
 Interactive voice response – allows employees to punch in, check their
schedules, receive operator messages, and request time off using only
their touch-tone phones.
It is custom-design to meet the needs of each organization, starting
with the call dialogue and professional-recorded voice prompts.
 Online Attendance Software – a cloud-based system for time-keeping
that allows users to log in via Web or Mobile App. Through cloud
technology, attendance data and logins and logouts can be accessed
from virtually any location with an internet connection. The user’s Static
IP Address can also be recorded at the time of Log-in/Log-out.
A recent study (Abhilash Sharma et al, 2015) concluded that
biometric authentication or simply biometrics refers to establishing

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identity based on the physiological and behavioral characteristics
shown in Figure 2 (also known as traits or identifiers) of an individual
such as the face, fingerprints, hand geometry, iris, keystroke,
signature, voice, etc. Biometrics systems offer several advantages
over traditional authentications schemes. They are inherently more
reliable than a password-based authentication as biometric traits
cannot be lost or forgotten; biometric traits are difficult to copy, share
and distribute; and they require the person being authenticated to be
present at the time and point of authentication. Thus, a biometrics-
based authentication scheme is a powerful alternative to traditional
authentication schemes.
Abhilash Sharma et al, (2015) showed several biometric
characteristics that have been in use for different applications.
Figure 3. Classification of Biometric traits

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Abhilash Sharma et al, (2015 Vol. 6 (5) in their study International
Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies claim that
biometrics is based on the measurement of distinctive physiological and
behavioral characteristics. Finger-scan, facial-scan, iris-scan, hand-scan, and
retina-scan are considered physiological biometrics, based on direct
measurements of a part of the human body. Voice-scan and signature-scan
are considered behavioral biometrics; they are based on measurements and
data derived from action and therefore indirectly measure characteristics of
the human body. The element of time is essential to the behavioral
biometrics-the characteristic being measured is tied to an action, such as a
spoken or signed series of words, with a beginning and an end.
Fingerprints scanning: Today fingerprints consider being one of the oldest
and popular among other biometric technologies. Fingerprint identification is
also known as dactyloscopy or also hand identification is the process of
comparing two examples of friction ridge skin impressions from human
fingers, palms, or toes.
Figure 4 Example of fingerprint
Face Recognition:- Facial (face) recognition is a computer application that
automatically identifies or verifies a person with the help of a digital image or

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a video frame from a video source. One of the ways to do this is to compare
the given example with the examples in the database.
Figure 5 Example of face scanning
DNA Scanning
Figure 6. Example of DNA scanning
Hand Geometry: - Hand geometry is the use of the geometric shapes of the
hand for recognition purposes. The method is based on the fact that the
shape of the hand of one person differs from the shape of the hand of another
person and does not change after a certain age but it is not unique.
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Figure 7. Example of hand scanning
Iris Recognition: The iris is a thin circular diaphragm, which lies between the
cornea and the lens of the human eye. The iris is perforated close to its
center by a circular aperture known as the pupil. The function of the iris is to
control the amount of light entering through the pupil, and this is done by the
sphincter and the dilator muscles, which adjust the size of the pupil.
Figure 8. Example of Iris scanning
Voice, like many other characteristics that are used for biometric methods, is
unique. Voice in biometrics or “voiceprint” is presented as a numerical
model of the sound
Figure 9. Example of voice recognition

The keystroke is the behave of the human mean to say that the different
humans have the different techniques of pressing keys on such basis the
identification takes place
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Figure 10. Example of keystroke

Another behavioral biometric is the signature by which the data can be
extracted by the signature of that particular person.
Figure 11. Example of signature recognition

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Nick Ismali (2016) stipulated in his article the benefits of
biometrics time attendance in businesses that if companies have
problems with employee time attendance they should employ
biometrics time attendance software. Biometrics has quickly become a
popular way to track time attendance for companies across the world.
These are just some of the benefits of using biometrics:
Increase accuracy of payroll
A biometrics time attendance system will increase the accuracy of payroll in
every pay period. When attendance used to be kept using paperwork it would
take hours to go over every single employee’s timesheet, and then enter it
into the computer system to print checks.
Decrease burden on the payroll department
A biometrics time attendance system will reduce the amount of paperwork the
payroll department has to complete each pay period and offers a place for all
employees to check their hours worked, PTO earned and PTO used year-to-
date.
Eliminates time theft
Companies have had trouble with time theft in the past and will likely have the
same problems in the future if nothing is done. Employees might not have
logged their breaks properly or written down that they left work 15 minutes
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after they left. All of this can be eliminated with a biometric attendance
system. When companies eliminate time theft, they save money and make it
a better place to work.
Biometrics prevent buddy punching
‘Buddy punching’ used to be a major problem with companies when
attendance was kept using timesheets or passwords to log in to an online
time clock. Since the employee needs to use his or her fingerprint to clock in
and out of the system, no one else in the office can do so for them when they
are not present.
Employee accountability is improved
Biometric-based reports will show management if employees are taking too
long on their breaks, are not reporting to work, are clocking in too early or too
late, and if they are taking too many breaks during the day.
Ease of use
No matter how simple a previous system was, the software will not confuse
employees in the least bit. Employees will just scan their fingerprint on the
device at the office and it will be entered into the system with their name and
other information.
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Improved compliance
A system using biometrics will make it easier to pull records of individual
employees or a group of employees so that a decision can be made as soon
as possible.
The pros and cons of biometrics in today's digital age were recently
highlighted in a blog post entitled Biometric- A Complete Guide (Mitek
Systems, Inc, 2020). Biometric data is stored and processed with
database servers, encrypted tokens, or physical tokens. More secure
devices will use on-device (or on-premises) storage of biometric
templates, which ensures identity authentication occurs without any
sensitive biometric information being sent over the internet to a
different server or location. Biometric authentication and its uses in
modern-day tech and digital applications have several advantages
namely:
1. High security and assurance which provides the answers to
“something a person has and is” and helps verify identity
2. Convenient and fast user experience
3. Non-transferrable meaning everyone has unique access to a set of
biometrics
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4. Spoof-proof states that biometrics are hard to fake or steal
Despite increased security, efficiency, and convenience, biometric
authentication and its uses in modern-day tech and digital applications also
have disadvantages:
1. Costs associated with the significant investment needed in biometrics
for security
2. Data breaches as biometric databases can still be hacked by
anonymous hackers.
3. Tracking and data like facial recognition systems can limit privacy for
users
4. Machine learning and algorithms must be very advanced to minimize
biometric demographic bias
5. False rejects and false accepts can still occur preventing select
users from accessing systems
Related Studies
A recent study (Ratha, Connell, & Bolle, 2011) concluded that
biometrics-based authentication offers several advantages over other
authentication methods, there has been a significant surge in the use
of biometrics for user authentication in recent years. Such biometrics-

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based authentication systems must be designed to withstand attacks
when employed in security-critical applications, especially in
unattended remote applications such as e-commerce.
A study by Kisame (2016) entitled “Computerized Biometric
Employee Clocking System and Operational Performance: Case Study
of Moi Teaching And Referral Hospital” revealed that Institutions
should invest more in technologies that ensure efficiency in operational
performance. Operational performance should be kept in mind as
institutions upgrade their employee attendance management systems.
To differentiate themselves from other organizations, institutions like
Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital need to go out of their way to
deliberately listen to the needs of employees and customers to ensure
that their operational performance is enhanced.
The study of Oloyede et. Al. (2013) entitled “Fingerprint
Biometric Authentication for Enhancing Staff Attendance System”
revealed that out of 37 employees from a stratified random sampling
most of the respondents chose strongly agree that the company where
they work needs to enhance the recording and monitoring of staff
attendance. The research paper also recognizes that indeed most
individuals are more familiar with fingerprint biometric technology since

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it is among the oldest biometric technologies and as popular as face
recognition. After the respondents were asked whether the company
where they work needs a biometric system for enhancing staff
attendance, the respondents select from the options, fingerprint biometric,
hand geometry, iris recognition, voice recognition, and signature verification,
as their preferred biometric system for their organization. The research shows
that the fingerprint biometric system is the most preferred by the respondents
having 15 employees or 41%. The second most preferred biometric system is
iris recognition having 8 respondents or 22%. The third most preferred
system is the hand geometry biometric system and face recognition having
equally selected by 5 respondents or 14%. The least preferred is the voice
recognition biometric technology system being selected by 4 respondents or
11%. The study focused on the findings of the preferred biometric technology
system based on qualities or features such as affordability, sustainability, and
acceptability. Using the Likert scale (1 to 3, where 1 indicates agree, 2
indicates disagree and 3 indicates neutral respondents). Hence, the
respondents were requested to scale each quality per type of biometric
technology system. Concerning the affordability, quality shows that the
fingerprint biometric system is the most preferred. 21 respondents or 56.76%
choose that they agree that the fingerprint biometric system is the most
affordable among other biometric systems. Hand geometry is the second

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most preferred system selected by 20 respondents or 54.05%. Placed as the
third most preferred is the voice recognition selected by 19 respondents or
51.35%. The second to the least preferred is the iris recognition and face
recognition equally selected by 18 respondents or 48.65%. The least
preferred is the signature verification, which is selected by only 15
respondents or 40.54%. In terms of sustainability, the fingerprint biometric
system remains the most preferred. 20 respondents or 54.05% chose that
they “agree” that it is the most sustainable. Hand geometry, iris recognition,
and signature verification are each selected by 19 respondents or 51.35% as
the second most preferred system. The least preferred systems are voice
recognition and face recognition each selected by 18 respondents or 48.65%.
Still, the most preferred system is the fingerprint selected by 22 respondents,
or 59.46% in terms of acceptability. These respondents chose that the
fingerprint biometric system has the acceptability feature among others. It is
followed by four systems namely hand geometry, voice recognition, face
recognition, and signature verification as the second most preferred. Each of
these is selected by 20 respondents or 54.05%. The least preferred is the
iris recognition selected only by 18 respondents or 48.65%.
Therefore, this study has concluded that fingerprint is the best
biometric technology system that can sustainably solve the lingering

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problem of staff attendance in the proposed organization. This will
eliminate buddy punching and increase staff productivity. It is,
therefore, recommended that attention should be paid to several
factors before recommending biometric technology as a means of
improving the productivity of an organization’s business processes.

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study is about the Effects of using a Biometric System in
Monitoring Employee Attendance of Private Companies in the 4 th
District of Quezon in which the independent variable is the biometric
system while employee attendance and performance are the
dependent variables. This chapter includes the research design,
participants of the study, sampling technique, data gathering
procedures, and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
The researchers will use a quantitative research method and
collect the needed data through an online survey.
The researcher will use the descriptive design. The design is
fitted for this study because it allows for the collection of multiple
variables for statistical analysis. Survey research provides a
quantitative description of the attitudes of a sample population and
allows for generalization from the sample. The design is suitable for
collecting data about the use of biometrics in monitoring employee
attendance.
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Participants of the study
This study will consist of 400 respondents from the employees
of different private companies in the 4 th District of Quezon regardless of
their position and employment status who are of different ages, sex,
company, and years of service.
Sampling Technique
The researchers will use Slovin’s formula as their sampling
technique to get the target number of respondents. The Official website
of the Province of Quezon (https://www.quezon.gov.ph/general-
information/about) includes useful information about the total labor
force of those 15 years and above in the Province of Quezon. By
following sloven’s formula the researcher comes up with 400
respondents.
Data Gathering Procedure
Upon approval of the proposal, the researcher will obtain
permission from the Dean of the Graduate School with the
endorsement of the thesis adviser. Letters will be given to the
respondents online and also upon approval, copies of the letter of

Lipa City Colleges
permission together with the online questionnaire will be sent to the
selected respondents.
The researcher briefly discussed to the respondents the nature
of the study. The procedures and the purpose of this study were also
explained assuring them of their anonymity, confidentiality, and
privacy.
Each respondent will receive an online survey and will be given
one week to complete the questionnaire. After the questionnaires are
retrieved data were collated, tabulated, and will be subject to statistical
treatment.
Research Instrument
The researcher will formulate a questionnaire in the form of a
checklist to gather data from the respondents. The instrument will
include items about the statement of the problem and its subproblem in
the first part of the study. The online questionnaire is based on the
related literature and studies gathered by the researcher as well as the
actual experiences and observations among private company
employees.
The online questionnaire is used to gather data and will be sent
online by the researcher to selected private company employees. The

Lipa City Colleges
online questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first part dealt with
the demographic profile of the respondents. The second part was on
the use of a biometric system of private companies in the 4 th district of
Quezon using a four-point Likert scale which is 4 - strongly agree, 3 -
agree, 2 - disagree, and 1 - strongly disagree concerning with the
employees’ preferred biometrics system, its effects, and benefits.
Statistical Treatment of Data
After the administration of the questionnaire and the collection
of data, the following statistical treatment will be used to analyze and
interpret the data.
The statistical treatment used in the analysis of data are the following:
Slovin’s Formula
Where:
n= sample size
N= total number of population
e= margin of error (assumed to be 5%)
n= N
1 + N (e2)
= 1,419,256
1 + 1,419,256 (0.05)2
=
1,419,256
2,549.14
= 399.89 or 400 respondents

Lipa City Colleges
Frequency - Percentage and weighted mean to determine the extent to which
the respondents rated or evaluated according to their interpretation.
To describe the personal, professional, and technical profile of
the respondents and the extent of the effects of online HIV campaign
on social media users of the respondents in terms of age, gender, and
marital status, the researcher employed frequency and percentage
distribution using the following formula
Percentage
Formula: P = F x 100 P= No. of responses x 100

n total no. of respondent
Where P = is the percentage

F = is the frequency
n = is the total of the respondents
To describe the effects of online HIV campaigns on social media
users, the weighted mean was applied with the following formula.
 fw
Formula: WAM = n
Lipa City Colleges
Where:
WAM = is the weighted average mean
 fw = is the summation of the product of the frequency and
weight
n = is the total number of respondents
A four-point Likert scale is devised by the researcher as follows:
Point Continuum Qualitative index

4 3.26 - 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.51 - 3.25 Agree
2 1.76 - 2.50 Disagree
1 1.00 - 1.75 Strongly Disagree
Source: Statistical Guide, 2018

Lipa City Colleges
References
Abhilash Sharma et al, (2015) (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer

Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 6 (5) , 2015, 4616-
4619
Bhandari, N. & Shukla, V. (2019) Enhancing Payroll Management and

Attendance Monitoring System through RFID and Biometric Retrieved
fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/332759593_Conceptual_
Framework_for_Enhancing_Payroll_Management_and_Attendance_M
onitoring_System_through_RFID_and_Biometric
Cunanan, J. & Dellosa, R. (2019) Enhanced Attendance Monitoring System

Using Biometric Finger Track System INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE
10, OCTOBER 2019 retrieved from
http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/oct2019/Enhanced-Attendance-
Monitoring-System-Using-Biometric-Finger-Track-System-.pdf
Gabriel, A. (2017) Transparency and Accountability in Local Government:

Levels of Commitment of Municipal Councilors in Bongabon in the
Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 39, 217-223.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2017.1368902
Ismail, N. (2016) Biometrics time attendance: benefits for your business

Retrieved from https://www.information-age.com/biometrics-time-
attendance-software-benefits-business-123463296/
Mitek Systems, Inc. (2021) Advantages and disadvantages of biometrics

Retrieved from https://www.miteksystems.com/blog/advantages-and
disadvantages-of-biometrics
Oloyede, M. et al (2013) Fingerprint Biometric Authentication for Enhancing

Staff Attendance System International Journal of Applied Information
Systems (IJAIS) – ISSN : 2249-0868 Foundation of Computer Science
FCS, New York, USA Volume 5– No.3, February 2013 – www.ijais.org
Lipa City Colleges
Ullah, A., Khan, R. & Shakeel, M. (2018) Fingerprint Recognition And

Password
Security System retrieved from
file:///C:/Users/Rea%20Mariz/Downloads/toaz.info-fingerprint-and-
password-security-system-thesis-
pr_8801cbb8ed64688b93dbbcff9e134170.pdf
Villaroman, G. et al (2018) The Use of Biometric Attendance Recording

System
(BARS) and Its Impact on the Work Performance of Cabanatuan City
Government Employees Journal of Public Administration
Ratha, N., Connell, J., Bolle, R. Enhancing security and privacy in biometrics-
based authentication systems IBM Systems Journal ( Volume: 40
40, Issue: 3, 2011) https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/
document/5386935
Lipa City Colleges
APPENDICES
Survey Questionnaire
Part I.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Please put a check (√) on the line provided which fit to your answer.
Age Sex
____ Male
____ 20 years old and below ____ Female
____ 21- 30 years old
____ 31 - 40 years old
____ 41 - 50 years old
____ More than 50 years old
Marital Status Years of Service in the company

____ Single ____ below 5 years
____ Married ____ 5-10 years
____Separated ____ 10-15 years
____ Widow ____ 15-20 years
____ more than 20 years
Lipa City Colleges
Part II. Effects of Using Biometric System to Monitor Employee Attendance of

Private Companies in 4th District of Quezon.
Direction: Kindly put a checkmark on the space provided that corresponds to

your answer.
4 - very strongly agree
3 - strongly agree
2 - disagree
1 strongly disagree
Questions 4 3 2 1
1. I prefer fingerprint recognition for
attendance at work.
2. I prefer iris recognition for attendance at
work.
3. I prefer face recognition for attendance at
work.
4. I prefer hand geometry for attendance at
work.
5. I prefer DNA scanning for attendance at
work.
6. I prefer voice recognition for attendance at
work.
Lipa City Colleges
7. I prefer signature scanning for attendance at
work.
8. I prefer a manual attendance system at
work.
9. I am in favor to take my personal and
biological information from my company to
monitor my attendance and performance at
work.
10. I have a privacy concern using biometric
systems (e.g., fingerprint verification, facial
recognition, hand geometry verification, iris
recognition, and voice verification)
11. The biometric system is a convenient and
efficient way for monitoring attendance
12. Increases job satisfaction and work
efficiency
13. Computerized biometrics system enhances
employee punctuality
14. It reduces employee absenteeism
15. Biometric system takes lesser time for
recording employee attendance.

Lipa City Colleges
16. Computerized biometric systems result in a
reduction of employee attendance
management costs that lead to savings that
enhance productivity.
17. Biometric system is better than a manual
system.
18. Attendance data can easily be captured
through computerized biometrics.
19. Biometrics provides a detailed audit trail of
employee attendance.
20. Computerized biometric attendance system
is effective in capturing employee working
hours
21. Biometric system facilitates quick resolution
of employee complaints about working
hours.
22. Computerized employee biometric system
eliminates incidents of wage theft.
23. Biometric system is a reliable way to
determine employee pay
24. Increases the employee stress

Lipa City Colleges
25. My privacy is at stake from the online
attendance monitoring system.

Lipa City Colleges
Curriculum Vitae
Rea Mariz I. Jordan, LPT

Purok Natividad Brgy. Rosario
Gumaca, Quezon
Contact no.:09451670474
reamariz16@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth : 16 April 1995

Place of Birth : Gumaca, Quezon
Gender : Female
Civil Status : Single
Height : 5’2”
Weight : 56 Kg.
Citizenship : Filipino
Religion : Roman Catholic
EXAMINATION TAKEN (If any)

Licensure Examination for Teachers
September 2019
Civil Service Examination Professional Level

October 2016
Lipa City Colleges
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Graduate Studies: Master in Business Administration
Lipa City Colleges Graduate Studies Extension Program
at Eastern Quezon College, Inc.
September 2021-Present
Teaching Units: 18 Units of Teaching Education

Quezonian Educational College Inc.
June- December 2018
College: BS in Business Administration Major in Marketing

Management
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Lopez Branch Lopez, Quezon
2012-2016
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy
2011-2012
Secondary :
Gumaca National High School
Gumaca, Quezon
2007 – 2011
Elementary:
Gumaca East Central School
Gumaca, Quezon
2001 – 2007
Lipa City Colleges
ORGANIZATIONAL AFFILIATION
Philippine Association for Teachers and Educators (PAFTE) Inc.
Member
Singles For Christ

Member
Gumaca Chapter
2017-Present
WORK EXPERIENCE
Contract of Service Instructor

Southern Luzon State University
Gumaca Campus Gumaca, Quezon
September 2020- Present
Part-time Instructor
Eastern Quezon College
August 2021- Present
SHS Billing Officer/ LIS Coordinator/ SHS Teacher

Aceba Systems Technology Institute Inc. - Gumaca, Quezon
June 2018- September 2020
Lipa City Colleges
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED

10 Day International Online Training Program for 21st Century Educators
Philippine Continuing Professional Development
August 1- 10, 2021
Bridging Ed Back into EdTech: Instructional Design for Meaningful Learning in

a Blended Classroom
Akadasia
Aug 25, 2021
Effective Teaching Strategies for the Remote Classroom

Akadasia
July 7, 2021
Strategic Planning and Management on Business During a Global Pandemic

PUP QC Webinar
July 7, 2021
Building Bridges to the New Normal

Institute of Global Professionals
July 6, 2021
RDE: Proposal Writeshop

One SLSU: Adapt and Thrive in Research and Extension for Development in
the New Normal
SLSU Main
June 7-8, 2021
Lipa City Colleges
Mental Health Awareness of SLSU Teaching and Non-Teaching Employees

Amidst the Pandemic
SLSU Lucban
May 7, 2021
Choose to Challenge: Redifining and Mainstreaming All Genders and the

Environment during the COVID -19 Pandemic
2021 International GAD Webinar
SLSU GAD
March 31, 2021
Gender and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management and Climate Change
Adaptation
SLSU GAD
March 31, 2021
Women’s Livelihood Improvement As and Adaptation Mechanism for Climate

Change and Pandemic Events
SLSU GAD
March 31, 2021
Gender Needs and Roles in Building Climate Resilience in the Community

SLSU GAD
March 31, 2021
Lipa City Colleges
CHARACTER REFERENCES
DR. EVANGELINE B. MECIJA

Director
SLSU Gumaca
+639233382308
MRS. MARITES C. TANADA, MBA

Dean, College of Business
Eastern Quezon College
KAREN MERY CON P. DE PASION

Human Resource Officer
ASTI Gumaca Main Campus
Gumaca, Quezon
+639173101718
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and belief.
REA MARIZ I. JORDAN

Researcher
Lipa City Colleges
Curriculum Vitae
Cris Anne O. Lota

#53 Jose P. Rizal St., Brgy. Peñafrancia,
Gumaca, Quezon
Contact no.: 0961-137-7970 / 0938-752-8074
Date of Birth : December 21, 1998

Place of Birth : Bauan, Batangas
Gender : Female
Height : 5’2”

Civil Service Examination Professional Level
September 2021-Present
Lipa City Colleges
College: BS in Business Administration Major in Marketing

Management
Centro Escolar University Manila
June 2015 –April 2019
Outstanding Student Awardee

Leadership Awardee
Secondary : Eastern Quezon College

Gumaca, Quezon
June 2011 – March 2015
Graduated with honors.
Elementary: Eastern Quezon College

Gumaca, Quezon
June 2005 – March 2011
WORK EXPERIENCE
Marketing Staff
RAKKK Prophet Medical Center Inc.
Gumaca, Quezon
September 2020 – Present
Claims Benefits Staff (Philhealth)
RAKKK Prophet Medical Center Inc

March 2020 – September 2020
Lipa City Colleges
On-The-Job Training
ABS-CBN Creative Programs Inc.
November 2018 – March 2019
SEMINARS AND TRAININGS ATTENDED

 Madworld 2019- Philippine Junior Marketing Association (Mall of Asia
Arena)
 Taming the Rookie: Surviving the Corporate Jungle- School of
Accountancy Management
 Promoting self-confidence and expanding self-actualization in daily
routine- School of Accountancy and Management
 The Effective Management of Change in the Workplace: A key to the
Magical World- School of Accountancy and Management
 Marketing Oneself in the Business World: Greatness Never ends-
School of Accountancy and Management
 Leadership Congress 2018 – Centro Escolar University School Council
(Malvar, Batangas)
 Go-Negosyo 2018 – 10thFilipiñana Entrepreneurship Summit (World
Trade Center)
Arena)
Arena)
Arena)
 Athomic Congress 2016- One Click to Digital Marketing
Lipa City Colleges
Dr. Rosemarie I. So
Dean, School of Accountancy and Management
Centro Escolar University
7356861 local 213
Eric Adrian Pelayo, M.D.

Resident Physician on Duty,
Dialysis Unit
RAKKK Prophet Medical Center Inc.
ericadrianpelayo@gmail.com
Dr. Margarita E. Grey

SAM COMPASS Chapter Adviser
School of Accountancy and Management
CEU Manila
ritaperos@yahoo.com
I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of
my knowledge and belief.
CRIS ANNE O. LOTA

Researche
Lipa City Colleges
Curriculum Vitae
Ariene Ann P. Verano

B8 l48 Washington St. Cuesta Verde
Antipolo City, Rizal
Mobile Number: 095652431
Email Address: varieneann@yahoo.com
Date of Birth : 20 March 1994

Place of Birth : Antipolo City, Rizal
Gender : Female
Height : 5’1”
Weight : 51 Kg.
Lipa City Colleges
College: Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Major in Financial Management
Philippine School of Business Administration, Quezon
City
2017- 2019
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy

Philippine School of Business Administration, Quezon
City
2010-2015
Secondary: Antipolo Faith Christian School

2008-2010
Jupiter School of Antipolo
2006-2008
Elementary: Jupiter School of Antipolo

2001-2006
Lafayette Academy
1998-2001
WORK EXPERIENCE
Concentrix CVG Philippines, Inc

Advisor I, Customer Service (Present)
Legazpi Savings Bank, Inc. (Subsidiary of Robinsons Bank)

Branch Credit Analyst (January 31, 2020- October 2, 2020)
Lipa City Colleges
Fronteo Philippines, Inc. - Pasig City

Finance Associate (September 12, 2016 – September 30, 2017)
Haven of Angels Memorial Chapels and Crematorium, Inc. - Antipolo

City
Accounting Staff/Customer Service Associate (Sept. 4, 2015 – Sept. 10,
2016)
ARIENE ANN VERANO

Researcher
Lipa City Colleges
Curriculum Vitae
Argie Paulan Verano

Block 8 Lot 48 Washington St.,
Cuesta Verde Brgy. Dalig
Antipolo City Rizal 1870
Mobile Number: +639396437823
E-mail Address: zitrv45@gmail.com
Date of Birth : 04 December 1990

Place of Birth : Laspiñas City
Gender : Male
Height : 5’3”
Weight : 90 Kg.
College:
Bachelor of Science in Business Administration
Philippine School of Business Administration Q.C.
1029 Aurora Boulevard, Quezon City 1109
2007- 2012
Lipa City Colleges
Secondary:
Antipolo City
2003 – 2007
Elementary:
Antipolo City
2001 – 2003
SEMINARS AND TRAINING ATTENDED
July-August 2015 Security Training
Valiant Security Training Center Inc.
107 Boni Serrano Ave., Crame Quezon City
June – August 2009 Driving with Troubleshooting
Pro skills Technical Training Center Corp.
81 P. Oliveros St., Antipolo City
June – August 2008 Computer Technician
Xavier Technical Training Center Corp.
81 P. Oliveros St., Antipolo City

Lipa City Colleges
Angelo Villegas
Broker
09178978936
Naida Legazpi
Retired School Principal
09084203076
Andy Soriano
Businessman
09178908980
Erlinda Helbes
NGO Officer
09981733678
ARGIE P. VERANO
Researcher

Lipa City Colleges Eastern Quezon College, Inc

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Lipa City Colleges

Graduate Extension Program to i

EFFECTS OF USING BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS

REA MARIZ I. JORDAN

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

MELCHOR B. ESPIRITU, Ed.D.

The researchers would like to extend their deepest appreciation and

gratitude to the following for making this study possible;

The School Administrators of Lipa City Colleges and Eastern Quezon

The researchers’ adviser and Dean of Graduate Studies Department,

The researchers’ families and friends for their unconditional love,

encouragement, support, and guidance.

possible, the researchers are deeply indebted to them.

We dedicate this work to

God Almighty, the source of all knowledge and wisdom;

and support throughout this study;

And to our loved ones for serving as our inspiration

I. INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND

I. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

II. RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

CURRICULUM VITAE ……………………………………… 42

3 Classification of Biometric Traits…………………................. 16

4 Example of Fingerprint Scanning…………………………….. 17

5 Example of Face Scanning…………………………………… 18

6 Example of DNA Scanning………………………………….. 18

7 Example of Hand Scanning………………………………….. 19

8 Example of Iris Scanning…………………………….……… 19

9 Example of Voice Recognition……………………………… 20

10 Example of Key Stroke……………………………………… 20

11 Example of Signature Recognition………………………… 20

INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

Attendance as a work ethic includes sticking to work schedules,

workday to complete duties and limited use of leave. Attendance can

be quantified and verified, and employers keep employee attendance

because of attendance problems. Poor attendance says a candidate is

insensitive to co-workers, unaccountable for his responsibilities, and

uninterested in company success.

According to Ameer Ullah (2018), “biometrics is the science of verifying

the identity of an individual through physiological measurements and

behavioral traits. Since biometric identifiers are associated permanently with

Biometric technology as a means of identifying and verifying

an individual`s characteristics is widely used in many aspects of

peoples` lives nowadays. In this regard, public organizations use this

technology to provide a more comprehensive system in monitoring

employee attendance and how it may affect their performance (Gladys

The biometric system is the solution to address this problem. This

system involves the identification and verification of individuals by analyzing

human fingerprints. Biometric system is becoming increasingly popular today

fingerprint recognition system. By placing a finger on the scanner, the system

“Usually, this monitoring system is permanently installed in the main

Management. However, this stationary installation is not suitable for

monitoring actual employee attendance inside the office.” (G.C Almiranez et

Foudil Belhadj (2017) demonstrated that the automation of fingerprint

recognition was an absolute necessity due to the huge amount of data to be

processed every day by manual inspection. Advanced technologies

registered in electronic-sensing and computing technologies have made

automation a reality. An automated fingerprint identification system is

principally a minutiae-based process that goes through several steps by

starting acquisition, image enhancement, segmentation, features extraction

up to matching. The system decision is taken in the function of the matching

Theoretically, the use of biometric time and attendance systems