Senior High School

Physical Science
Module 2:
How the Properties of Matter Relate
to their Chemical Structure

AIRs - LM
LU_Physical Science_Module2
 PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Module 2: How the Properties of Matter relate to their Chemical Structure
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Jhunel L. Nevado

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Reviewer: John-John Q. Garcia
Language Reviewer: Mark Emil L. Agustin
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr.
Design and Layout: Jhunel L. Nevado

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Atty. Donato D. Balderas Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
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Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
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LU_Physical Science_Module2
 SHS

Physical Science
Module 2:
How the Properties of Matter relate
to their Chemical Structure

LU_Physical Science_Module2
 Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this
module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for
a better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided
for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing
each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 Target

We've talked about employing technology to synthesize elements when they

can't exist without being manufactured. In this lesson, we'll go more into the
patterns of atoms and groups of atoms, sometimes known as molecules—
specifically, their polarity.

You learned in Grade 8 that atoms combine to create molecules or

compounds and that obtaining a stable configuration obeying the Octet Rule makes
them more stable. In Grade 9, on the other hand, you learned about chemical
bonds, also known as intramolecular forces, and the three sorts of them: ionic,
covalent, and metallic, as well as how to write the Lewis dot symbol. You learned
the fundamentals of electronegativity in Grade 10 Science and were briefly exposed
to the issue of the polarity of molecules using electronegativity values.

Understanding the polarity of molecules will undoubtedly improve as a result

of studying this subject. This module is jam-packed with fun exercises that will
make your Chemistry classes even more enjoyable.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar given its structure

(S11/12 PS-IIIC-15)

Learning Objectives:
a. define operationally polar and nonpolar molecules
b. identify the basic molecular shape and the type of bond of
the molecule
c. determine the polarity of chemical bonds between atoms
using the concept of electronegativity
d. calculate the electronegativity difference of a given molecule

2. relate the polarity of a molecule to its properties (S11/12 PS-IIIC-16)

Learning Objectives:
a. define solubility, miscibility, and polarity
b. describe how polarity of molecules related to its properties

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 Pretest

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What kind of compound is CO2?

A. Ionic
B. Polar molecule with polar bonds
C. Polar molecule with non-polar bonds
D. Nonpolar molecule with polar bonds

2. What kind of chemical bond do you have: F and Cl?

A. Ionic B. James Bond
C. Polar covalent D. Non-polar covalent

3. Which of the following statements BEST determines the polarity of a bond

between two elements?
A. The number of electrons shared in the bond
B. The difference in atomic radius between the elements
C. The difference in electronegativity between the elements
D. The difference in first ionization energy between the elements

4. Which of the following molecules is a polar bond?

A. CCl2 B. CCl4 C. CF4 D. CFH3

5. Which of these compounds is a polar?

A. AgCl B. CH4 C. CCl4 D. NH3

6. Which is the correct order for the Pauling electronegativity values of the
listed atoms?
A. F > Br > O > C B. F > O > Br > C
C. F > O > C > Br D. O > F > Br > C

7. Which of the following molecule is INCORRECTLY matched with

the electronic geometry about the central atom?
A. BeBr2 – linear B. PF3 – pyramidal
C. H2O – tetrahedral D. CF4 – tetrahedral

8. Which of the following pairs of molecules and their molecular geometries is

WRONG?
A. H2O – bent B. BF3 - trigonal planar
C. NF3 - trigonal planar D. AsF5 - trigonal bipyramidal

9. Which of the following molecule is INCORRECTLY matched with

the electronic geometry about the central atom?
A. SO32- - pyramidal B. ClO3- - tetrahedral
C. BrO4- - tetrahedral D. NO2- - trigonal planar

10. A nonpolar covalent bond would form in which of the following pairs
of atoms?
A. Ca-O B. C-S C. Na-Cl D. P-N

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 11. Oil and water don’t mix despite constant stirring. The oil floats and
makes a layer above the water when mixed together.” What process
explains this phenomenon?
A. Immiscibility B. Miscibility
C. Polarity D. Solubility

12. A beaker with 500 ml of water (room temperature) is placed in a hot

plate. If the temperature continues to increase, the water in the
beaker will most likely .
A. Turn into gas B. Turn into solid
B. Becomes denser D. S how no change in temperature

13. What is the molecular polarity of H2 and why?

A. It is polar because its charges are distributed symmetrically, and its
geometric shape is symmetrical.
B. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed symmetrically, and
its geometric shape is symmetrical.
C. It is polar because its charges are distributed asymmetrically, and
its geometric shape is asymmetrical.
D. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed asymmetrically,
and its geometric shape is asymmetrical.

14. What is the molecular polarity of NCl 3 and why?

A. It is polar because its charges are distributed symmetrically, and its
geometric shape is symmetrical.
B. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed symmetrically, and
its geometric shape is symmetrical.
C. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed asymmetrically,
and its geometric shape is asymmetrical.
D. It is polar because its charges are distributed asymmetrically, and
its geometric shape is asymmetrical.

15. What is the molecular polarity of CO2 and why?

A. It is polar because its charges are distributed symmetrically, and its
geometric shape is symmetrical.
B. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed symmetrically.
and its geometric shape is symmetrical.
C. It is nonpolar because its charges are distributed asymmetrically,
and its geometric shape is asymmetrical.
D. It is polar because its charges are distributed asymmetrically, and
its geometric shape is asymmetrical.

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 POLARITY OF MOLECULES

Jumpstart

Activity 1. “Determine the Bond”

Direction: Determine if the bond between atoms in each example below is

nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.

__________1. H2 __________6. MgO

__________2. PCl __________7. CH

__________3. F2 __________8. HCl

__________4. NaBr __________9. H2O

__________5. NF __________10. CO2

Discover

Polarity of Molecules

The way atoms bond with one another is referred to as polarity.

When atoms are chemically bond together, they share electrons. When
one of the atoms in a bond has a stronger attractive force on the
electrons in the link, it forms a polar molecule. The electrons are pulled
more towards that atom, resulting in a small charge imbalance in the
molecule.
The polarity of a bond is determined by a periodic concept called
electronegativity. Electronegativity is an expression of an atom’s
tendency to attract electrons in a chemical bond. To determine the
polarity of a bond, you must find the difference in the electronegativities
of the atoms involved. If the difference is between 0.4 and 1.7, the bond
will be polar. If the difference is greater, the bond will have an ionic trait.

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 This means that the electrons will be taken from the less
electronegative element and spend all their time orbiting the more
electronegative element. If the difference in the electronegativities is
smaller than 0.4, the bond will be nonpolar covalent. This means that
the electrons will be shared equally between the atoms and the bond will
not have a polar character.

Figure 1. Pauling Electronegativity Values

Type of Bond Electronegativity Difference

(∆EN)
Ionic ≥1.7
Polar Covalent 0.5 to 1.6
Nonpolar Covalent ≤ 0.4

Table 1. Type of bond based on electronegativity difference (∆EN) of

bonded atoms

For example, you are asked to determine what type of bond present
between the following pairs of atoms by determining their electronegativity
difference.
Ca and Cl
EN Ca = 1.0 (∆EN) = 1.0 – 3.0 = │-2.0│= 2.0 ionic bond
EN Cl = 3.0

Cl and Cl
EN Cl = 3.0 (∆EN) = 3.0 – 3.0 = 0 nonpolar covalent bond
EN Cl = 3.0

H and Cl
EN H = 2.1 (∆EN) = 2.1 – 3.0 = │-0.9│= 0.9 polar covalent bond
EN Cl= 3.0

To explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds

using the examples above. When two atoms share electrons unequally, a

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 polar covalent bond is produced. An electric dipole is formed by a bonded
pair of atoms. A molecule has one positive end and one negative end, which
is referred to as a dipole. The atom with the higher EN value becomes the
partial negative pole (symbolized as -) and the atom with the lower EN value
becomes the partially positive (symbolized as +) pole in this sort of
relationship. Always remember that the arrow points from a more
electropositive pole to a more electronegative pole. For example, in HCl, H
has a larger EN than Cl, therefore the arrow points from H to Cl, and the
electron density is unequal as indicated by the size of the circle. A nonpolar
covalent bond, on the other hand, forms when both atoms share electrons
equally.
When the bonding of atoms has almost equal EN values or the ability
to attract electrons to each side, this happens. When two chlorine atoms
come together, they form a nonpolar covalent connection.
You've just learned how to calculate the electronegativity difference
between atoms to determine the type of bond polarity (specifically two
atoms). The next question is, what about molecules with more than two
atoms, such as H2O, CCl4, NH3, and CO2? The total molecular polarity is
determined by both the bond polarity and the molecular shape in
polyatomic compounds. The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR)
theory would aid us in determining the spatial arrangement of atoms in a
polyatomic molecule in terms of molecular geometry.
The following steps can be used to determine a substance's form or
molecular geometry:
Step 1: Determine the molecule's central atom. The least
electronegative element is the center atom.
Step 2: For the molecule, draw the proper Lewis dot structure.
Step 3: Count the number of bonding pairs and non-bonding (or lone
pairs) electrons surrounding the center atom.
Step 4: Using the total number of electron pairs, determine the
electron pair orientation.
Step 5: Name the shape depending on the atoms' positions.

Figure 2. Geometrical Shapes of Molecules

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 Explore

Enrichment Activity. “Do I Make a Difference?”

Directions: Conduct the simple activity applying the concept you
learned previously.
Materials:
Electronegativity Worksheets, Periodic Table of Elements
Procedures:
1. Using the Periodic Table below, calculate the electronegativity
difference of the given molecules and classify them.
NOTE:
• Nonpolar molecules have an electronegativity difference of
0 – 0.5.
• Polar molecules have an electronegativity difference of 0.6
– 2.0.
• If electronegativity difference is greater than 2.0, the bond
is ionic.
• There is a possibility that the electronegativity difference
is less than 0.05 and the molecule is classified as polar
due to its molecular shape.
2. Refer to the electronegativity values and bonding range given below.

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 MOLECULE ATOM 1 ATOM 2 (EN) TYPE OF MOLECULE
(NONPOLAR OR POLAR)
1. CCl4 Carbon Chlorine
2. N2 Nitrogen Nitrogen
3. CH4 Carbon Hydrogen
4. H2O Hydrogen Oxygen
5. HF Hydrogen Fluorine

Enrichment Activity 2: “Complete Me”

Directions: Complete the table below using the concepts you learned previously.

Molecule ∆ Bond Molecular Polarity of

En polarity geometry molecule

1. PCl5
2. BeCl2
3. CH4
4. OF2
5. SF6

Deepen

Performance Task: Molecule out of Clay

Directions: Make sure to follow the procedure and prepare the following materials.

Materials:
Clay (of 2 colors) 2 sticks of about 3 inches in length
Permanent marker

Procedure:
1. Use one colored clay for Hydrogen and the other for Oxygen. For Hydrogen,
make a bigger ball and mark it with a permanent marker with H. For
Oxygen, make 2 smaller balls and mark them with O.

2. Use the sticks to connect the clays as referenced by the image provided by
the teacher. It should look like an inverted V.

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 3. Using your new individual models, take a picture of it and send it to the
teacher’s email address.

4. Complete the table below.

Molecule ∆ Bond Molecular Polarity of

En polarity geometry molecule

1. H2O

CRITERIA EXCELLENT (5) GOOD (4) FAIR (3) POOR (2)

Neatness Sculpting is neatly Sculpting has Sculpting has Sculpting is
done, smooth, and a few uneven, several uneven,
even messy, and uneven, messy, and
rough areas. messy, and rough.
rough areas.
Effort/Rough Exceptional effort. Good effort; Some effort; Little effort;
model Used a detailed foil used a foil model did not
model to complete completed foil looks complete a
the sculpture. model to incomplete or foil model of
complete the did not follow the symbol
sculpture. guidelines. chosen for
the sculpture.
Finished Added initials and Added initials Only put Did not add
sculpture year to bottom of and year to initials on the initials and
the sculpture and the bottom of bottom of year to the
filled out rubric. sculpture, sculpture, bottom of
Effectively wrote a completed the only filled out these
caption about the rubric, and the rubric, or sculpture, fill
sculpture. included a only wrote out rubric or
caption for the caption. did not write
the sculpture. a caption.

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 POLARITY OF MOLECULES
AND ITS PROPERTIES

Jumpstart

Activity 1. KANTAnalyze

Direction: Analyze the lyrics of the song “Tubig at Langis” and answer
the questions below.

TUBIG AT LANGIS
Sharon Cuneta

Tubig at langis, ang katayuan nati'y yan ang kawangis

Pilitin mang magsam'y may mahahapis
Ganyang-ganyan tayong dalawa
Ang panuntunan'y magkaiba
Langis at tubig, 'di mapagsama ng tunay mang pag-ibig
Hinanakit ang s'yang laging mananaig
Mahal na mahal man kita
May mahal ka namang iba
Tubig at langis
Idarang man sa init, 'di rin tatamis
Dahil ang halo'y luha't paghihinagpis
Ang kirot ay di maalis kung labis
Bakit nanaig ang dusa sa ligaya sa 'ting daigdig?
May dasal ba akong hindi N'ya narinig?
Papel natin sa pag-ibig
Ako'y langis, ika'y tubig
Tubig at langis
Idarang man sa init, 'di rin tatamis
Dahil ang halo'y luha't paghihinagpis
Ang kirot ay di maalis kung labis
Bakit nanaig ang dusa sa ligaya sa 'ting daigdig?
May dasal ba akong hindi N'ya narinig?
Papel natin sa pag-ibig
Ako'y langis, ika'y tubig
Ako'y langis, ika'y tubig
Ako'y langis, ika'y tubig

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 Guide Questions:

1. What is the message of the song?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. If you add oil to the water, what will happen? Will it create a
single homogenous phase, or will it form two layers? Why?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. Why do you think water and oil cannot be mixed even when
heated? Support your answer.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Discover

Water Molecule

At standard temperature and pressure, water is a chemical compound and

polar molecule that is liquid. Water has the chemical formula H2O, which means
that each molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

The polar polarity of the water molecule is an important property. With

hydrogen atoms at the tips and oxygen at the vertex, the water molecule creates an
angle. The side of the molecule with the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge
because oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen.

The capacity of a certain material, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent is

referred to as SOLUBILITY. It can be indefinitely soluble, like sugar in water, or
poorly soluble, like silver chloride in water. INSOLUBILITY is a term used to
describe chemicals that are poorly soluble. Solubility is a term that is frequently
used in the context of solid solutes and liquid solvents.

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 For covalent substances, the dissolving process, known as DISSOLUTION, is
quite simple (polar & non-polar substances).
The polarity of the molecules has a significant impact on water solubility.
Because polar molecules have both positive and negative parts, they will interact
with other molecules according to the electrostatic attraction/repulsion law. When
making a solution of water (polar molecule) and salt (ionic substance with + and -
ions), for example, the molecules and ions will interact.

Sodium Ion Chlorine Ion

Polar charges of the Ion Sodium Ion Chlorine
water molecule

Charge of sodium and chlorine

molecules

Opposite charges of water and salt

ions are attracted to each other
In the same way that negative Chlorine ions are attracted to the partially
positive section of water, the sodium ion will be attracted to the partially negative
region of the molecule (Oxygen).
Because of this attraction the positive ions (sodium) will be surrounded by
the partially negative oxygen dipole in water. On the other hand, negative ions
(chlorine) will be surrounded by the partially positive hydrogen dipole in water.

To achieve solubility, the substances must have the same polarity, as

defined by the principle "LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE." As a result, polar chemicals
dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
As a result, polar chemicals dissolve in polar solvents, while non-polar substances
dissolve in non-polar solvents. This is due to the structural and ion distribution
similarities in the molecules.

You can predict whether molecules will mix to produce a chemical solution if
you know their polarity. Knowing which compounds are either polar or nonpolar is
useful since you can use them to dissolve a chemical into another.
When it comes to chemistry, this concept of producing a layer can be used to
distinguish between miscible and immiscible liquids. When two liquids are
immiscible, a water curve termed a MENISCUS will form. As a result, there will be

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 no meniscus in miscible liquids. This diagram illustrates the difference by
emphasizing the presence (or lack) of a meniscus.

When you hear the word "miscible," think of the term "homogeneous." A
homogenous solution only contains one phase. In other terms, a homogeneous
solution is a uniform composition of two (or more) liquids that have been mixed.
Consider the word homogeneous to be a way of defining miscibility. There is
another approach to qualitatively examine whether your solution is miscible
without going through observing the meniscuses of the solution not in a chemical
laboratory when recognizing the meniscus in a solution. Simply keep an eye on the
liquids as they are mixed. If the liquids separate from one another after mixing, you
can be confident that the solution is miscible
When two liquids can be miscible now has a fantastic chemical explanation.
The polarity of a liquid is the subject of this explanation. Nonpolar or polar
substances are both nonpolar and polar liquid solutions. If the polarity of two
liquids is comparable, they will produce a homogeneous solution that is miscible.
Let's imagine you have two liquids that are both considered polar. Because they are
both polar, they will mix and merge to produce a single solution.

When both liquid molecules are polar, they will attract each other, resulting
in mixing (miscibility).
When a molecular liquid is nonpolar, water molecules only attract one
another and ignore the nonpolar liquid. As a result, the two liquids are
incompatible.
In the case of liquids, we find that both polar liquids are miscible, polar and
nonpolar liquids are immiscible, and both nonpolar liquids are, by extension,
miscible. As a result of this observation, the phrase "like dissolves like" is
frequently used.

Nonpolar “tails” adhere to dirt on the skin. Polar groups are soluble in water
and help lift the dirt away from the skin.

Physical Properties of Covalent Compounds

Let us define the physical properties of substances:

A. Boiling point: temperature at which the vapor pressure and

atmospheric pressure of a liquid substance are equal.
B. Melting point: temperature at which solid becomes liquid.
At this point, the solid and liquid phases exist in
equilibrium.

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 C. Surface tension: energy needed to increase the surface area
by a unit amount;
D. Viscosity: the resistance of the liquid to flow
E. Vapor pressure: pressure exerted by a substance in its
gaseous state.
F. Volatility: measures the rate at which a substance vaporizes
(changes from liquid to gas)

In the most basic sense, the strength of intermolecular interactions

increases the boiling point, melting point, viscosity, and surface tension. Vapor
pressure and volatility, on the other hand, decrease when IMFA strength increases.
As a substance's molecular mass grows, so do its London dispersion forces. In
contrast to H-bonding, the boiling temperature, melting point, viscosity, and
surface tension decreases as the molar mass increases.

Explore

Enrichment Activity 1: “Mix it Up!”

Direction: Identify whether the pair of substances are soluble,

insoluble, miscible, or immiscible.

1. Oil and Water

2. Ethyl Alcohol and Water
3. Vinegar and Soy Sauce
4. Zonrox and Water
5. Oil and Rubbing Alcohol
6. Efficascent Oil and Water
7. Fabric conditioner and Water
8. Powdered juice and Water
9. Shredded Candle Wax and Water
10.Water and Coffee Powder

Enrichment Activity 2: “High or Low?”

Direction: Arrange the following molecules according to highest to lowest

boiling point and melting point and identify their polarity.

Ammonia (NH3) BP: -33.3 MP: -77.7

Ethane (C2H6) BP: -89 MP: -182.8
Methanol (CH3OH) BP: 64.7 MP: -97.6

Methane (CH4) BP: -161.5 MP: -182

Water (H2O) BP: 100 MP: 0.0

Butane (C4H10) BP: -1.0 MP: -140

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 Deepen

Performance Task: Effect of Polarity to Solubility and Miscibility

Objectives:
At the end of the activity, the students will be able to:
a. identify the polarity of substances,
b. determine the substances either miscible or immiscible, and
c. understand how the polarity of molecules affect its
miscibility.
Materials Needed:
6 transparent cups Baby oil Vinegar
Water Spoon/Stirrer Soy Sauce
Marker Sugar Bleach
Black Pepper Powder Rubbing Alcohol Periodic Table

Procedures:

1. Label the plastic cups using a marker. Write RUBBING

ALCOHOL, VINEGAR, SOY SAUCE, OIL, SUGAR, PEPPER and
BLEACH.
2. Pour 200ml of water or half the size of the cup.
3. Add 1 tablespoon of the 6 solutes in its designated cup.
4. Stir the solutions for 30 seconds.
5. Observe what happens to the solute when mixed in water.

Questions to Answer:
1. What happen to the solution if you mix them together?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Can you describe the solutions that are being mix?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In previous lesson, you have learned how to identify the polarity of

molecules. Using that concept, complete the table below. Refer to the
chemical formula given.

SUBSTANCES CHEMICAL FORMULA

Water H2 O
Vinegar CH3COOH
Rubbing alcohol C3 H8 O
Bleach NaClO
Oil C16H32O2
Sugar C12H22O11
Black Pepper C17H19NO3

(Note: For miscible or immiscible, both solutions are liquids. F or soluble

or insoluble solution, one should be liquid, and the other is solid.)

Substance Polar or Substance Polar or Soluble or Miscible or

A Non-Polar B Non-Polar Insoluble Immiscible

1. Water Oil
2. Vinegar Soy Sauce

3. Oil Alcohol
4. Water Bleach
5. Bleach Vinegar
6. Sugar Water
7. Water Black
Pepper
Powder

Conclusion/s:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Gauge

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the molecular shape of CHBr3?

A. Linear B. Tetrahedral
C. Trigonal planar D. Trigonal bipyramidal

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 2. A nonpolar covalent bond would form in which of the following pairs
of atoms?
A. Ca-O B. C-S C. Na-Cl D. P-N

3. From the given Lewis structure of NH3, how many nonbonding

pair/s of electron are around the central atom?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D.3

4. Which of these is a polar molecule?

A. AgCl B. CH4
C. CCl4 D. NH3

5. Which of the following is NOT an example of viscous substances?

A. Blood B. Honey
C. Vinegar D. Syrup

6. Which of the following is a polar molecule?

A. CO2 (linear) B. BeCl2 (linear)
C. CH4 (tetrahedral) D. H2O (bent-shaped)

7. Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule?

A. CCl4 (tetrahedral) B. SO2 (bent-shaped)
C. H2O (bent-shaped) D. NH3 (trigonal planar)

8. Which of the following is TRUE of polar molecules?

I. Low surface tension
II. High vapor pressure
III. Have high boiling point
IV. Have high melting point
A. I only B. IV only
C. I and II only D. I and IV only

9. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A. Polar covalent bonds can be present in a nonpolar molecule.
B. Polar bond forms when electrons are unequally shared by
two atoms in a compound.
C. Polarity of bond and molecular geometry are the two factors
that affect the polarity of molecules.
D. Polar covalent bond is present if the electronegativity
difference between atoms is equal or less than 0.4.

10. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about CO2?

A. Is a polar molecule
B. Polar bond is present
C. Has a linear molecular shape
D. Has an electronegativity difference of 1.0

11. Oil and water don’t mix despite constant stirring. The oil floats and
makes a layer above the water when mixed together.” What process
explains this phenomenon?
A. Immiscibility B. Miscibility
C. Polarity D. Solubility

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 12. A beaker with 500 ml of water (room temperature) is placed in a hot
plate. If the temperature continues to increase, the water in the
beaker will most likely .
A. Turn into gas
B. Turn into solid
C. Becomes denser
D. C how no change in temperature

13. Which of the following scenarios DO NOT demonstrates melting

point?
A. Liquid precipitation
B. A liquid changing into solid
C. Temperature reaching to 0OC
D. Temperature reaching to 100OC

14. Oxygen gas (O2), a very important gas for humans, is a nonpolar
molecule. Which of the following statements support this?
A. It has positive and negative ends.
B. It contains only a nonpolar bond.
C. It does not have a symmetrical shape.
D. The dipole moments do not cancel out.

15. Why hydrogen chloride is considered a polar molecule?

A. Because it has positive ends.
B. Because the net dipole moment of the molecule is zero.
C. Because it is linear, and the dipole moments cancel out.
D. Because the bond between hydrogen and chlorine is polar.

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PRE-TEST
1. D 6. B 11. A
2. D 7. B 12. A
3. C 8. C 13. D
4. D 9. A 14. D
5. B 10. B 15. C
LESSON 1
JUMPSTART: Determine the Bond
1. Nonpolar covalent 6. Ionic
2. Polar covalent 7. Nonpolar covalent
3. Nonpolar covalent 8. Polar covalent
4. Ionic 9. Polar covalent
5. Polar covalent 10. Nonpolar covalent
EXPLORE
Enrichment Activity 1: Do I Make a Difference?
1. 0.5, nonpolar
2. 0, nonpolar
3. 0.4, nonpolar
4. 1.4, polar
5. 1.9, polar
Enrichment Activity 2: Complete Me
∆
0.8 Polar Trigonal Polar
Bipyramid
0.5 Polar Linear Nonpolar
0.4 NonPolar Tetrahedral Nonpolar
0.5 Polar Bent Polar
1.7 Polar Octahedral Nonpolar
DEEPEN
∆
1.4 Polar Bent Polar
Answer Key
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LESSON 2
JUMPSTART: KANTAnalyze
1. The song talks about forbidden love. This is just like water and oil; it is very impossible to
mix water with oil because oil molecules bonds cannot break the hydrogen bond of water.
Thus, Oil stays separate from water as it cannot attach to water.
2. If you pour oil into water, once the oil settles in, the solution will create two layers. Oil and
water will not mix by themselves. It can be forced to be combined and will result in an
emulsion.
3. Oil even when heated cannot attach to water because as mentioned in question 1, the
hydrogen bond of water cannot be broken by oil bond thus oil molecules will just stick
with oil. Heating the mixture will make the water evaporate hence only the oil will remain.
EXPLORE
Enrichment Activity 1: Mix it Up!
1. Immiscible
Miscible
2. Miscible
3. Miscible
4. Miscible
5. Immiscible
6. Miscible
7. Soluble
8. Insoluble
9. Soluble
Enrichment Activity 2: High or Low?
100 0.0
64.7 -97.6
-33.3 -77.7
-1.0 -140
-89 -182.8
-161.5 -182
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DEEPEN
Polar Non-polar Immiscible
Polar Polar Miscible
Non-polar Polar Immiscible
Polar Polar Miscible
Polar Polar Miscible
Polar Polar Soluble
Insoluble
Guage
1. B 4. B 7. A 10. A 13. B
2. B 5. C 8. D 11. A 14. A
3. B 6. D 9. D 12. A 15. C
 References
Printed Materials
The Commission on Higher Education. (2016). Physical Science, Teaching
Guide for Senior High School (pp. 13-23). Diliman, Quezon City

Santiago, K and Silverio, A. (2016). Exploring Life Through Science Series.

Phoenix Publishing House, Incorporated

Websites
Bigael, J.A (2017). Formation of Heavy Element. Retrieved on July 22, 2021
from https://www.slideshare.net/formation-of- heavy-elements?

Borel, B. (2013). Making new elements. Retrieved on July 23, 2021

http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-04/making-new-
elements

Capellan, R. (2017). Six Concept of Atomic Numbner (PowerPoint

Presentation). Retrieved on July 21, 2021 from
https://www.slideshare.net/bRoKendaRkaN

De Villa, Rocelia M., Physical Science Senior High School, pages 36-39
Crossword Puzzle Wordmint/Atoms,Elements and Compounds,
Retrieved August 2, 2020 from
https://wordmint.com/public_puzzles/1676584

Henry Moseley. (2014, December 29). Retrieved on July 23, 2021 from
http://www.famousscientists.org/henry-moseley/

“Molecular Polarity (Video) | Chemical Bonds.” n.d. Khan Academy.

Retrieved August 2, 2020 from https://bit.ly/2Tiw7xt.

“Molecular Polarity.” n.d. Preparatorychemistry.Com. Retrieved August 2,

2020 from https://bit.ly/3e10wIv.

Nave, C. R. (2012). Nuclear fusion in stars. Retrieved July 23, 2021 from
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/astfus.html

“Polarity of Bonds: Definition, Factors Affecting Polarity, Examples, Videos.”

2018. Toppr-Guides. April 1, 2018. https://bit.ly/3e9H6Br.

“Polar and Non-Polar Molecules.” n.d. Www2.Nau.Edu. Retrieved August 2,

2020 from https://bit.ly/2z4eISl.

“Polar vs. Nonpolar.” n.d. Users.Stlcc.Edu. Retrieved August 2, 2020 from

https://bit.ly/2XcMwVb.

“Polarity of Bonds: Definition, Factors Affecting Polarity, Examples, Videos.”

2018. Toppr-Guides. April 1, 2018. https://bit.ly/3e9H6Br.

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 The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Polar and Nonpolar Molecule: How to tell if a
molecule is Polar or Nonpolar. Retrieved May 12, 2020 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiZXRScxbl0

The Organic Chemistry Tutor, Polar and Nonpolar Molecule: VSEPR Theory-
Basic Introduction. Retrieved May 12, 2020 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBrq31w8vC4

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
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Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
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