SHAH SERIES

MS

th
CLASS 5 SCIENCE
ONE LINER NOTES

 According to the new paper composition of NTS&FTS

 Covered full chapters and full book
Key  Notes are compiled from book’s text & exercises
 Prepared form 5th class Science book of KP Textbook Board
Features
 Included MCQs from Past Papers of NTS and FTS
 Conceptual Notes

MUBASIR SHAH
Compiled
&
by
ESHAAL SHEHXADI

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SHAH SERIES
 Mubasir shah
Chapter 1
1. Classification of animals and plants is
called taxonomy.
2. Classification can be defined as the process
of grouping the things into groups and
subgroups.
3. All the living things are divided into five
main kingdoms.
4. Five kingdoms are
A. Bacteria
B. Algae
C. Fungi
D. Plants
E. Animals
5. Bacteria are small organism which cannot
see with our naked eyes.
6. In older classification, bacteria were
considered as plants now they are kept in
kingdom monera.
7. Algae are green in color but they do not
have roots, stem, leaves, flowers and fruits.
8. In older classification, algae were
considered as plants now they are placed in
kingdom Protista.
9. Mushroom is type of fungi.
10. Fungi are cotton like fluffy mass.
11. Animals are divided into two large sub
groups called vertebrates and invertebrates.
12. Those organisms which have backbone in
their body are called vertebrates.
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13. Vertebrates are further divided into five
classes.
a. Fishes
b. Amphibians
c. Reptiles
d. Birds
e. Mammals
14. Fishes are vertebrates, respire by gills.
15. Amphibians can live both in water and on
land.
16. Amphibian skin is mostly moist and
slippery.
17. Frog, toad etc. are examples of
amphibians.
18. Reptiles are completely land vertebrates.
19. Reptiles skin is hard and rough and bears
scales on it.
20. Examples of reptiles are Lizards, snakes,
chameleon, crocodile, turtle, tortoise etc.
21. Forelimbs of birds are modified into
wings that are strong and large.
22. Running birds lost their ability of flight as
they had no enemy in their environment
hence need not to fly.
23. Snakes lost their legs due to their life style
of living in burrow, cracks and crevices.
24. Ostrich is the largest bird in the world.
25. Bat is a unique mammal that can fly in air.
26. Those organisms which do not have
backbone in their bodies are called
invertebrates.
 Mubasir shah
27. Invertebrates are classified into two major
groups.
1. Insects
2. Worms
28. The largest subgroup of invertebrate is
insects.
29. Insects have three pairs of legs.
30. Generally insects have two antennas on
their head.
31. Antenna is sense organs of insects.
32. Worms body are generally long, slender
and mostly segmented.
33. Earthworm is a common worm found in
damp soil.
34. Earthworms eat soil, absorb its food from
it, convert it into fertile soil and excrete it.
35. Earthworms are called as living fertilizers
or bio fertilizers.
36. Plants are classified into two groups.
1. Non flowering plants
2. Flowering plants
37. Examples of non-flowering plants are
ferns and mosses.
38. Non flowering plants generally grow in
damp soil places.
39. Flowers produce seeds and seed
germinate into new plants.
40. Some flowers are large and conspicuous
for example sunflower, pansy, rose, jasmine
etc.
41. Some flowers are very small and
inconspicuous for example wheat, grasses etc.
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42. Flowering plants are the largest group of
plants.
43. Flowering plants are further subdivided
into two subgroups.
1. Monocotyledonous plants
2. Dicotyledonous plants
44. Monocot plants can be differentiated from
Dicot plants by the characteristics of number
of cotyledons in the seed.
45. The plants having one cotyledon in their
seeds are called monocot plants.
46. Example of monocots is maize, rice,
wheat, oat, grasses etc.
47. The plants having two cotyledons are
called dicot plants.
48. Examples are mango, lemon, lemon,
gram, beans, pea etc.
49. Monocot leaves are narrow and pointed.
50. Dicot leaves are broad and wide.
51. In monocot levees, veins are parallel.
52. In dicot leaves, veins start from center,
thick midrib and make a network in the leaf.
53. The flower of monocot has three floral
parts or multiple of these numbers.
54. The flower of dicot has four or five floral
parts or multiple of these numbers.
55. Monocot has fibrous root.
56. Dicot has tap roots.
 Mubasir shah
Chapter 2
1. Microscope was invented by Dutch
scientist, Antony van Leeuwenhoek in 1667.
2. Virus, bacteria, fungi are types of
microorganisms.
3. Microorganisms can only be seen with
equipment called Microscope.
4. Viruses are the smallest and simplest of all.
5. Viruses are seen only by electron
microscope.
6. Virus can survive only inside a cell of
organism.
7. There is no nucleus in bacteria.
8. Some fungi are microscopic, but many are
seen with naked eye.
9. Mushroom is umbrella like fungi.
10. Yeast is a microscopic fungus.
11. The edible fungi are called yeast.
12. Dough is raised due to the action of yeast.
13. The microorganism used in baking
industry is yeast.
14. Benefits of bacteria are decomposition,
nitrogen fixation and conversion of milk into
crud.
15. Rust and smut are diseases of wheat and
maize.
16. Rusts are commonly black in color and
smuts are yellow.
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17. First antibiotic penicillin was extracted
from fungus called penicillium.
18. The power to control germs is called
immunity. It is the natural ability of the body
to resist diseases.
19. To increase immunity of body vaccination
is done.
20. Hepatitis and polio is caused by Virus.
21. Infection of microorganisms can be
avoided by keeping ourselves clean.
Chapter 3
1. Seeds are of two main types:
A. Monocot B. Dicot
2. The grain of maize is surrounded by a thin
cover is called testa.
3. Seed coat is called testa.
4. Stored food is present in the cotyledons of
the seed.
5. Endosperm is the stored food of seed.
6. The young plant present in the seed is
called embryo.
7. During germination the first part arises
from the seed is radical.
8. Cotyledon protects the baby plant or
embryo inside the seed.
9. Cotyledon provides food to embryo.
10. We eat different seeds because they have
stored food.
 Mubasir shah
11. The coming out of a shoot and root from a
seed is called seed germination.
12. Germination are of two types:
A. Hypogeal B. Epigeal
13. In hypogeal germination cotyledons
remains below the soil and young plant comes
out of the soil e.g. grain of maize, wheat,
gram etc.
14. In epigeal germination cotyledons come
above the soil e.g. French been seed, castor
oil seed, pea seed etc.
15. Conditions necessary for seed germination
are air, soil, water and suitable temperature.
16. A seed kept at low temperature does not
grow because it does not get proper
temperature to grow.
Chapter 4
1. Any harmful change in the environment is
called pollution.
2. The things which cause pollution are called
pollutants.
3. There are three main types of pollution.
a. Water pollution
b. Air pollution
c. Land pollution
4. Water pollution is the contamination of
lakes, oceans and groundwater mostly by
human activities.
5. Sea water is polluted when oil leaks from
ships.
6. Water pollution is mostly caused by
people.
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7. Gases like sulpher dioxide and nitrogen
dioxide are dissolved in rainwater they
produce acid rain.
8. Cars and buses give off large amount of
harmful gases.
9. The main cause of air pollution is burning
of fuels.
10. Ozone is the upper layer of atmosphere.
11. Ozone prevents earth from most of the
harmful sun rays.
12. Air pollution is the main cause of
depletion of ozone layer.
13. Biodegradable materials are those, which
are degraded by nature.
14. The examples of biodegradable materials
are dead plants, animals and the leftover food.
15. Non-biodegradable materials are those,
which are not degraded by nature.
16. The non-biodegradable materials are
plastic, glass, plastic bags, empty cans,
electricity wires, fused bulbs, broken parts of
machine etc.
17. We need clean air for breathing.
18. Planting trees is the best way to reduce
pollution.
 Mubasir shah 5th Class Science

Chapter 5 18. Condensation is the process by which

vapors change into liquid on cooling.

1. Anything that occupies space and has mass 19. Change of state from liquid to solid is
is called matter. freezing.
2. Matter exists in three states. 20. The dew is moisture in air that settles on
3. Solid has fixed shape and volume. plants due to cold.

4. In solid molecules are closely packed
together it give it definite shape.
5. In solids force of attraction between
molecules are greater.
6. Liquid has definite volume but does not
have fixed shape.
7. In liquids molecules are less closely
packed.
8. Liquid adopts the shape of the container.
9. The force of attraction between the liquid
molecules is weaker as compared to solid.
10. A gas has neither shape nor a definite
volume.
11. Gas fills all the volume available.
21. Moisture is tiny droplets of water.
22. Fog is the droplet of water vapors
suspended in the air and is much close to the
ground.
23. When weather becomes cold and temp.
Falls to the freezing point, frost is formed.
24. Snow is the frozen water falling from the
sky in the form of white balls (flakes).
25. Rain is the falling of water drops from
vapors condensed in the upper atmosphere.
26. In water cycle, water is available in all
three states.
27. In water cycle ' the sun plays important
role in evaporation.

12. Particles of gases are packed loosely.

13. The force of attraction between particles

of gases is very weak.

14. Boiling point of water is 100°C.

15. Melting point of ice is 0°C, at this temp.it

changes into water.

16. Freezing point of water is 0°C.

17. Evaporation is the change of converting

liquid into gaseous state without boiling.

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 Mubasir shah
Chapter 6
1. Friction is a force which opposes motion.
2. Machines are devices which help us in
doing our work easier.
3. Because of contact force acting on the
object which creates resistance in motion is
called friction or frictional force.
4. Friction acts when objects are in contact
with each other.
5. Friction stops a moving object because it
opposes motion of one object over another.
6. Friction forces are large on rough surfaces
and small on smooth surfaces.
7. All solid materials have some degree of
roughness.
8. Air friction slows down the motion of
parachutes when it moves through the air and
drops the paratrooper safely down on earth.
9. Friction between the tyros and roads
prevents vehicles from skidding.
10. Applying the brakes of a moving vehicle
produces friction.
11. Friction opposes motion therefore more
energy is required to move an object.
12. Moving objects slow down due to friction.
13. Friction produces heat, which damages
moving parts of machine.
14. Friction is reduced by lubrication e.g.
oiling sewing machine.
15. Friction is reduced by use of ball bearings
e.g. bicycle.
16. Ball bearing reduces friction because they
roll on surface to reduce friction.
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16. Friction is reduced by rollers and wheels
e.g. road rollers and pushcarts.
17. Friction is reduced by shapes e.g.
streamlined bodies of cars, aero planes and
boats.
18. Gravity or gravitational force is the force
with which earth attracts all objects towards
its center.
19. Gravity is responsible for falling of
objects on earth.
20. Force of gravity is a non-contact force by
which earth attracts other objects towards
itself.
21. Mass is the quantity of matter in an
object.
22. Mass of the object remains same
everywhere.
23. Weight is the amount of gravitational
force acting on an object.
24. Weight of an object does not remain same
everywhere.
25. Balanced forces are equal and opposite in
direction.
26. There will be no change if the forces are
balanced.
27. The SI unit of force is Newton (N).
28. Mass is measured in kg.
29. Inertia is a tendency of all objects to resist
any change in their state of rest or motion.
30. Devices which make our work easier are
called simple machines.
31. Wedge, inclined plane and lever are
 Mubasir shah
examples of simple machine.
32. Wedge is a simple machine, triangular in
shape, thin on one side and thick on the other
side.
33. Wedge is use to separate two objects.
34. A sharpener is an example of wedge.
35. Inclined plane is simple machine use for
lifting objects to a height.
36. It consists of a plane surface that’s
making an acute angle with the ground
surface.
37. Lever is a type of simple machine and
consists of a rigid rod or bar which turns
about a fixed point called the pivot or
fulcrum. This rod turns when a force called
effort is applied to overcome the resisting
force called load.
38. Levers are classified into three classes
based on relative position of fulcurum, the
effort and load.
39. In first class lever, the fulcrum is between
the effort and the load.
40. Examples of first class lever are pliers,
scissors, claw hammer, sea saw.
41. In the second class lever, the load is
between the fulcrum and the effort. Examples
are bottle opener, wheelbarrow, nut cracker,
paper cutter, tin opener etc.
42. In the third class lever, the effort is
between the fulcrum and the load. Examples
are broom, tongs, human arm, stapler, fishing
rod, etc.
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Chapter 7
1. Light is a form of energy, which comes to
us from different natural and artificial
sources.
2. Sun is the largest natural source of light.
3. Sun emits light and makes things visible.
4. Stars also emit light.
5. Such objects which emit light are called
luminous objects e.g are electric bulb, neon
tube, and candle and torch etc.
6. The objects that do not emit light or give
off light are called non luminous objects.
7. Non luminous objects can only be seen
when light falls on them. That is why we
cannot see them if there is no light.
8. Light travel much faster than sound.
9. There are three types of objects on the basis
of optical properties.
a. Opaque objects
b. translucent objects
c. transparent objects
10. If you cannot see through an object then
the object is opaque because opaque materials
do not allow light to pass through them.
11. When an opaque object blocks the light '
shadow is formed.
12. If you can clearly see through the object
then the object is transparent. Transparent
materials let almost all the light to pass
through them.
13. If you cannot clearly see through the
object then the object is translucent.
14. Light travels in a straight line.
 Mubasir shah
15. When the moon comes in between the sun
and the earth then light from the sun to the
earth is blocked by moon. The sun casts a
shadow of the moon on the earth. This occurs
when the sun, the moon and the earth are in
straight line. This is called solar eclipse.
16. When the earth comes in between the sun
and the moon, shadow of the earth can be
seen on the moon, this is called lunar eclipse.
17. The pinhole camera works on the
principle that light travels in a straight line.
18. Pinhole camera consists of a box with a
small hole on one side and a screen on the
opposite sides.
19. Pinhole camera works in the same way as
eyes and real camera.
20. Image formed on screen of pinhole
camera is a real and inverted image.
21. The moon of the first day of lunar month
is very thin and the full moon will be
observed on the 14th of that month.
22. The moon is non-luminous object and the
sun is a luminous object.
23. Light of sun is reflected by the moon.
24. Moon orbits the earth.
25. An object which orbits a planet is called a
satellite.
26. Moon is a natural satellite.
27. The amount of light reflected by the moon
and reaching the earth changes because of the
changes in the position of the moon. This is
the reason why we see the different phases of
the moon.
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28. New moon: The surface of the moon is
dark and invisible because the moon is
between the sun and the earth.
29. Crescent moon: When we see only a
silver of the moon's surface we call it crescent
moon. It shows the start of the lunar month.
30. Quarter moon: When we can see half of
the moon surface.
31. Waning moon: When the moon seems to
be getting small. (full-gibbous half-crescent -
new)
32. Waxing moon: When the moon seems to
be getting big (new-crescent half-three
quarter-full)
33. Full moon: When the moon surface is
fully lighted it is called full moon.
34. Gibbous moon: When we can see roughly
three quarter of the moon surface.
Chapter 8
1. The flow of charge is called current.
2. Electric current is defined as the rate of
flow of charge across conductor.
3. The unit of current is ampere.
4. The path through which electric current
passes is called an electric circuit.
5. We use fuse to make a circuit safe.
6. Now day’s breakers are used in the circuit
which is the advanced form of fuse.
7. Electrostatic is the branch of science that
deals with the charges at rest.
 Mubasir shah
8. Charges at rest are called static charges.
9. Static electricity refers to the storage of
electric charges on the surface of an object.
10. Lightning is the natural example of static
discharge.
11. A charged body produces electric field
around it.
12. Electroscope is used for finding the nature
of charge on the body.
13. The magnetic effect is stronger at poles
than at center.
14. The space around a magnet in which its
magnetic effect is felt is called magnetic field.
15. The magnetic field is not visible but its
effect can be felt by using small test magnets.
16. The magnetic field around a magnet is in
the form of concentric lines.
17. Magnetic field is strong at poles of
magnet.
18. The magnetism produced by electric
current is called electromagnetism.
19. Electric bell is electromagnetic device.
20. The earth is like a giant bar magnet with
two poles.
21. The source so the earth magnetism is the
liquid metal present in the outer core of the
earth.
22. As the earth spin on its axis and due to
heating effect of the inner core, the liquid
metal is in motion.
23. The moving electrons present in the core
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produce current. This current in turn produces
magnetic field.
24. Magnetic compass is a device used to find
out the direction at any place on the earth.
25. Compass needle is also used to find out
the magnetic effect of electricity.
26. Compass is also used for finding the
direction of qibla.
27. Compass will always point towards
North-South direction.
28. Sailors in the sea also use compass for the
direction in sea.
29. Fuse is a device used to reduce the danger
of short circuit or over flow of current.
30. Breakers is necessary in housing wiring.
Chapter 9
1. There are three types of soil:
A. Sand B. Clay C. Silt
2. Soil makes up the outer most layer of earth.
3. Soil is of different types such as clay, silt,
sand.
4. Sand is made up of bigger particles of the
soil.
5. Sand does not hold many nutrients.
6. Sand allows passage to air and water easily.
7. Clay is made up of tiny particles.
8. Clay is smooth when dry and sticky when
wet.
 Mubasir shah
9. Clay can hold a lot of nutrients.
10. The air and water does not pass through
clay easily.
11. The size of particles of silt is between the
size of particles of sand and clay.
12. Silt feels smooth and powdery.
13. When silt is wet it feels smooth not sticky.
14. Silt allows air and water to pass through.
15. Soil particles are formed from broken
rocks and are of different sizes. Soil particles
form the major part of the soil.
16. There are five components of soil:
A. Particles
B. Nutrients
C. Decomposers
D. Water
E. Air
17. Microorganisms make the soil fertile.
Chapter 10
1. Sun is the biggest object in the solar
system.
2. The solar system has 8 planets, revolve
around the sun.
3. Pluto declared as a "dwarf planet” in 2006.
4. Stars have hot gases, make their own light.
The light comes from stars due to hot gases.
5. Sun is closest star to the earth.
6. Sun is one million times bigger than the
earth.
7. The light from the sun reaches the earth in
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8 minutes.
8. A group of stars is called constellation.
9. Earth is a planet.
10. Planets do not give their own light,
reflects the light of sun.
11. We can see planet Venus clearly from the
earth.
12. The Moon revolves around the earth.
13. Moon complete one revolution in 28 days.
14. The moon is not a luminous body.
15. Earth has one moon.
16. Mercury and Venus have no moon.
17. Satellite revolves around a large object.
18. Earth is natural satellite of the sun.
19. Moon is natural satellite of earth.
20. The largest planet in the solar system is
Jupiter.
Mubasir shah (MS)
*Prayers are requested*
I wish you a very Good Luck for Your Test
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