9

PRE VOCATIONAL:tle
(Learning Disability)

TLE
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
COMPUTER HARDWARE
SERVICING
TLE – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Computer Hardware Servicing
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Danilo A. Ballais Jr.
Editors: : Evelyn C. Frusa PhD, Marilyn D. Pama,MT-II, Rolex H. Lotilla, and Arvin Tejada
Reviewers:
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: : Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO IV – Assistant Regional Director
Crispin A. Soliven Jr., CESE – Schools Division Superintendent
Roberto J. Montero, CESE – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – CLMD Chief
Arturo D. Tingson, Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Jade T. Palomar – REPS, Subject Area Supervisor
Belen L Fajemolin PhD – CID Chief
Evelym C. Frusa PhD – EPS – LRMS
Bemardita M. Villano – ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region XII

Office Address: Regional Administrative Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill,

Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Telefax: 083-2288825
E-mail Address: depedregionxii@yahoo.com
 9
Pre Vocational:TLE
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Computer Hardware Servicing
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module Computer

Hardware Servicing

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the TLE 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Computer

Hardware Servicing

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
 what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
a. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

After using this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the different personal entrepreneurial competencies.
2. practice and align with the PEC’s of a practitioner/entrepreneur’s in
computer hardware servicing.

Learning Competency Code: TLE_PECS7/8-00-1

 What I Know

Direction: Write down all attributes and characteristics that you

think will make you successful.

Good work! Now you are ready to take on some activity.

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Lesson
Personal Entrepreneurial
1 Competencies

What’s In

We know that we all have good attributes and characteristics that

will help us in our future success. Do you know these
characteristics one by one?

Are you hardworking?

Are you persistent?
Are you committed?
These are only few characteristics that we need to
know.

What’s New

Ryan a fresh senior high school graduate opens up his own retail
business. He knows that his personal entrepreneurial
characteristics are insufficient to ensure a successful
operationalization of a business that she has in mind. Your
answers to the questions below will help in developing his PECs

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1. What PECs must he possess if there are customers who
complain about the quality of her product?
a. Patience
b. Hardworking
c. Versatile
d. All of the above

2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of

an entrepreneur?
a. Copes with failure
b. Dependent
c. Persistent
d. Opportunity seeker

3. If she wants to ensure a profitable business operation, what

characteristic will he maintain?
a. Commitment
b. Goal oriented
c. Futuristic
d. Opportunity seeker

4. Ryan follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if

she intends to open a retail business. What PECs has been
demonstrated by Ryan?
a. Self- confidence
b. Reliable and has integrity
c. Open to feedback
d. Persistent

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5. He tells Mary, her best friend that she has a strong will and
does not give up to find a solution to a business problem. What
PECs has been demonstrated by Ryan?
a. Hard work
b. Persistence
c. Self-confidence
d. Risk- taking
.

What is It

LOOK AND LEARN!

Let us continue to explore ourselves as we

discover to develop our PEC’s

Lesson1. Important Entrepreneurial Traits

The following are the fundamental characteristics of an
entrepreneur:

1. Hard working: If you are determined to run your own

business, you must concentrate on your work either as a
producer or a seller. The success of your business depends
on how much time and effort you will spend on it.

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2. Self- Confidence: You must have a strong faith in your
ability despite the problems that you will encounter along
the way.

3. Future-Oriented: Once a person enters in a line of

business, you must understand that you are in a non-stop
contract that an entrepreneur should understand. It may
take several years to build up a business to a reasonable
standard. The goal for most successful business people is to
build a secure job and stable income for themselves based
on their own ability.

4. Profit-Oriented: When you enter into the world of business,

obviously, you are looking for income because you know
that this will be your bread and butter not only for you but
also for your family. Therefore, you must see to it the
business can generate income. Another plan of action is to
expand your own business through the use of your
generated income.

5. Goal-Oriented: An entrepreneur is forward looking. You

have an advanced preparation for your business. You set a
long-term goal for the activities that are needed, an
extensive preparation for the production process and
procedures that you need to go through to acquire, human
and non-human resources. Everything in your business will

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 have to be set clearly, organized, and planned depending on
the goal you want to achieve.

6. Persistence: Differences in opinion and judgment. Your

opponent can be a part of the rejection on what you intend
to do for your endeavor. As an entrepreneur, you must be
firm, strong-willed, and stick or follow your own belief.

7. Copes with Failure: “Learn from your mistakes”. As an

entrepreneur, you must learn how to deal with the
frustrations and failures instead, turn these into productive
learning experiences.

8. Responds to Feedback or Open to Feedback: You must be

concerned to know how well you are doing and keep track of
your performance. You must obtain useful feedback and
advice from others.

9. Take the Initiative: A successful entrepreneur takes the

initiative. You must put yourself in a position where you
personally are responsible for the failure or success of your
business.

10. Willing to Listen: Take time to listen to the advice,

suggestions, and recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs.
It will help your business grow.

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11. Set your Own Standards: This involves developing
and using logical, step-by-step plans to reach the goals, or
offering evaluation alternatives, monitoring progress, and
switching to successful strategies for the goal you want to
achieve. To be a successful entrepreneur you must take into
consideration that sales and production depend on your
own standards.

12. Copes with Uncertainty: Pursue your vision to be a

successful entrepreneur, you should know how to handle
unusual events that may happen in the business which
include problems in managing the workers, problems on the
delivery of goods and services, and the problems on demand
and production. You must be patient in dealing with these
uncertainties.

13. Committed: You should know that in your business,

personal needs, attachment to your friends, families and
relatives are set aside. You must separate the money for
your business from the amount that you need to spend for
personal obligations and lifestyles.

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 What’s More

Directions: Asses yourself. Write down the PEC’s if its your

strength; write down inside the strength box and the PEC’s that’s
needed to be develop; write it down inside the needs to be develop
box.

STRENGTH Needs to be
develop

Hardworking
Self-confident
Builds for the future
Profit-Oriented
Goal-Oriented
Persistent
Copes with failure
Responds to feedback
Demonstrates initiative
Willing to listen
Sets own standard
Copes with uncertainty
Builds on strengths
Reliable and has integrity
Risk-taker

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 What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with correct described PEC’s.

1.Hardworking 2. Self-confident 3. Profit-oriented 4. Goal-

oriented 5. Persistent 6. Responds or open to feedback 7.
Willing to listen 8. Committed 9. Reliable and has integrity
10. Risk-taker

1. Ability to set realistic targets is to _____________.

2. Interest in money generation is to __________.
3. To succeed, one must believe in one’s self is to _______.
4. Working diligently and industriously is to __________.
5. Being able to listen to the advice of others is to ________.
6. Obtaining useful feedback and advice from others is to ______.
7. Being patient and strives to achieve the goal is to _______.
8. Ability to take measured or calculated risks is to _______.
9. Being honest, fair and trustworthy is to _______.
10. A major priority in the entrepreneur’s life is to ______

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 What I Can Do

Now that you are equip with ideas and knowledge about
entrepreneurial business. Let us try your ability to generate your
own business idea. Study the situation and answer the
questions.

In the vicinity of Poblacion II, koronadal City with a population of

ten thousand people. A new tenement project will be erected
along Jose Rizal St., Close to Jaycees Ave., this project aims to
target homeowners who are young couples.

In this activity, you need to answer the questions that may lead
to the generation of a possible business. Your answers these
questions will serve as bases to formulating your own business
ideas.

1. What products or services would appeal to your target

consumers?
2.Where is the most ideal location to place your business?
3. Who are your target costumers?

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 Great work! You did a good job in applying what you have
learned

1. Hardworking a. Ability to set realistic targets.

2. Self-confident b. Interest in money generation.
3. Profit-Oriented c. To succeed, one must believe
4. Goal-Oriented in one’s self.
5. Persistent d. Working diligently and
6. Responds to feedback industriously.
7. Willing to listen e. Being able to listen to the
8. Committed advice of others.
9. Reliable and has integrity f. Obtaining useful feedback
10. Risk-taker and advice from others.
g. Being patient and strives to
achieve the goal.
h. Ability to take measured or
calculated risks.
i. Being honest, fair and
trustworthy.
j. A major priority in the
entrepreneur’s life.

Assessment

Match left column to the right column.

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 Additional Activities

Assess yourself further:

1. Write down all PEC’s that you know is your strength and list
also those PEC’s that you need to develop.

Answer Key

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Bibliography
1. Erwin R. Callo, e.a., (2019). FUN with HELE, ABIVA Publishing
House Inc. Abiva bldg.. 851 G. Araneta Ave., Quezon city

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 What I Need to Know

After using this module, you are expected to:

1. Understand and know the different classifications of computers and its
parts.

Learning Competency Code: __TLE_ICTCS9CN-IIh-j-3___

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 What I Know

Direction: Encircle the picture that is a computer.

Good work! Now you are ready to take on some activities.

Lesson
Understanding the
2 Computer

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 What’s In

Previous lesson we studied about personal entrepreneurial

competencies; this time is just a continuation of our previous
lesson. We need to understand the basic computer
classifications and parts; so that you will know which
entrepreneurial business is ideal for you.

During summer and when there were no class; can

you remember going to internet shops to play your
favorite game or just browse the web? Did it take
you a long way to walk or travel to the internet
shop?

What’s New

There was a young grade 9 student named Edward; who

had a project to make which involves the use of a computer. It

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was there project in there TLE subject. These concern SWOT
analysis and feasible study of their ideal business if it would
work in their locality. Due to this he needs a computer either a
laptop or desktop which have Excel. In this way its going to be
efficient and faster for him to finish his project.
Edward would need to have an idea to understand; what
particular computer he would need.

Question:

1. Are all computers created equal? _________________

2. Can a 1990’s computer can still be use today? ___________________
3. What’s the difference between computers made on 1990 and the once
made today? ___________________

What is It

LOOK AND LEARN!

A computer is one of the most brilliant inventions of
mankind. Thanks to the computer technology, we were
able to achieve storage and processing of huge amounts of
data; we could rest our brains by employing computer
memory capacities for storing information. Due to
computers, we have been able to speed up daily work,
carry out critical transactions and achieve accuracy and
precision in work. Computers of the earlier years were of
the size of a large room 24and were required to consume
huge amounts of electric power. However, with the
advancing technology, computers have shrunk to the size
 Different Types of Computers
Based on the operational principle of computers, they are
categorized as analog, digital and hybrid computers.

Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are

different from a digital computer because an analog computer
can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It
uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and
utilizes mechanical or electrical energy.

Digital Computers: They use digital circuits and are designed

to operate on two states, namely bits 0 and 1. They are
analogous to states ON and OFF. Data on these computers is
represented as a series of 0s and 1s. Digital computers are
suitable for complex computation and have higher processing
speeds. They are programmable. Digital computers are either
general purpose computers or special purpose ones. Special
purpose computers, as their name suggests, are designed for
specific types of data processing while general purpose
computers are meant for general use.

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Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of
both digital and analog computers. In this type of computers,
the digital segments perform process control by conversion of
analog signals to digital ones.

Classification of Computers
The following are the classification of the different types of
computers based on their sizes and functionalities:

Mainframe Computers: Large organizations use mainframes

for highly critical applications such as bulk data processing
and ERP. Most of the mainframe computers have the capacities
to host multiple operating systems and operate as a number of
virtual machines and can substitute for several small servers.

Minicomputers: In terms of size and processing capacity,

minicomputers lie in between mainframes and microcomputers.
Minicomputers are also called mid-range systems or
workstations. The term began to be popularly used in the
1960s to refer to relatively smaller third generation computers

Servers: They are computers designed to provide services to

client machines in a computer network. They have larger
storage capacities and powerful processors. Running on them
are programs that serve client requests and allocate resources
like memory and time to client machines. Usually they are very
large in size, as they have large processors and many hard
drives. They are designed to be fail-safe and resistant to crash.

Supercomputers: The highly calculation-intensive tasks can be

effectively performed by means of supercomputers. Quantum
physics, mechanics, weather forecasting, molecular theory are

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best studied by means of supercomputers. Their ability of
parallel processing and their well-designed memory hierarchy
give the supercomputers, large transaction processing powers.

Microcomputers: A computer with a microprocessor and its

central processing unit it is known as a microcomputer. They
do not occupy space as much as mainframes do. When
supplemented with a keyboard and a mouse, microcomputers
can be called personal computers. A monitor, a keyboard and
other similar input output devices, computer memory in the
form of RAM and a power supply unit come packaged in a
microcomputer. These computers can fit on desks or tables and
prove to be the best choice for single-user tasks.

Personal computers come in different forms such as desktops,

laptops and personal digital assistants. Let us look at each of
these types of computers.

Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single

location. The spare parts of a desktop computer are readily
available at relatively lower costs. Power consumption is not as
critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular for daily
use in the workplace and households.
Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers
are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run on
a single battery or an external adapter that charges the
computer batteries.

Netbooks: They fall in the category of laptops, but are

inexpensive and relatively smaller in size. They had a smaller
feature set and lesser capacities in comparison to regular
laptops, at the time they came into the market.

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Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer
and popularly known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a
memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be used as
portable audio players, web browsers and smart phones. Most
of them can access the Internet by means of Bluetooth or Wi-Fi
communication.

Tablet Computers: Tablets are mobile computers that are very

handy to use. They use the touch screen technology. Tablets
come with an onscreen keyboard or use a stylus or a digital
pen. Apple's iPod redefined the class of tablet computers.

Wearable Computers: A record-setting step in the evolution of

computers was the creation of wearable computers. These
computers can be worn on the body and are often used in the
study of behavior modeling and human health. Military and
health professionals have incorporated wearable computers into
their daily routine, as a part of such studies. When the users'
hands and sensory organs are engaged in other activities,
wearable computers are of great help in tracking human
actions. Wearable computers do not have to be turned on and
off and remain in operation without user intervention.

What’s More

Direction: Identify the type of computer being described in the

following sentences and write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

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1. These are mobile computers that are very handy to use.
2. They are computers designed to provide services to client
machines in a computer network.
3. They are also called mid-range systems or workstations.
4. A computer with a microprocessor and its central processing
unit.
5. They fall in the category of laptops, but are inexpensive and
relatively smaller in size.
6. A type of computer which is intended be used on a single
location.
7. They use digital circuits and are designed to operate on two
states, namely bits 0 and 1.
8. Computers that have the capacities to host multiple operating
systems and operate as a number of virtual machines and can
substitute for several small servers.
9. It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.
10. These computers can be worn on the body and are often used
in the study of behavior modeling and human health.

What I Have Learned

Write True if the sentence is True and False if the

sentence is False.

________1. All computers are created equal.

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 ________ 2. I can still use a 1990 computer.

________ 3. Palmtop are computer too.

________ 4. Desktop are intended for one location only.

________5. Wearable computers are for human health.

What I Can Do

In the box below; draw your favorite gadget and classify it as

to what kind of computer it is.

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 Great work! You did a good job in applying what you have learned

Assessment

Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Is intended for single location.

a. Laptop b. Desktop c. Palmtop

2. Are mobile computers that are very handy to use.

a. Ball b. chair c. Tablet

3. A handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop.

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 a. Cable b. PDA c. Ink

4. Are computers designed to provide services to client machines

in a computer network.

a. Servers b. desktop c. Laptop

5. Are miniaturized and optimized computer for mobile use.

a. Laptop b. Monitor c. Printer

Additional Activities

Direction: Clippings. Look for pictures of different kind of

computers in magazine, newspaper and tabloids. Paste it in the
space below and write its classification.

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Answer Key

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Bibliography
2. Erwin R. Callo, e.a., (2019). FUN with HELE, ABIVA Publishing
House Inc. Abiva bldg.. 851 G. Araneta Ave., Quezon city

What I Need to Know

After using this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the different computer system, devices and peripherals.

Learning Competency Code:

What I Know

34
Lesson
Computer System, Devices
3 and Peripherals

What’s In

We now know the different classification of computers; now we

will learn about the computer system, parts and peripherals .

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As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know
the system that runs your computer and different devices
attached to it. Each device plays an important role, without each
other computer system will not work properly.

What’s New

Have you ever imagined what’s going on

inside a computer; why you can play games, why you can watch
videos and lot more? This strange box full of chips and lights that
can make a lot of things. We are going to learn each piece and
learn their functions.

What is It

LOOK AND LEARN!

What is an Operating System?

The operating system is the most important program that runs on a
computer. Every general-purpose 36computer must have an operating
system to run other programs. Operating systems perform basic
tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard, sending output
Operating systems provide a software platform on which other
application programs can run. The application programs must be
written to run on top of a particular operating system. Your
choice of operating system, therefore, determines to a great
extent the applications you can run. For PCs, the most popular
operating systems are DOS, OS/2, and Windows, but others are
available, such as Linux.

What are the devices of a computer?

The physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a
computer are called the hardware which is composed of different
devices attached to the computer.

The following list represents a basic set of devices found in most

Personal Computers.

1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes

called the chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots
and Cards.

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2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit
board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and components
that run the computer.

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3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main
“brain” or “heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the
instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the
flow of information through a computer.

4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is

the computer's working storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing and processed data (information)
waiting to be sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary
storage is a collection of RAM chips.

Two (2) Types of Memory

a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it
holds data even when the power is ON or OFF.
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it
holds data only when the power is on. When the power is off,
RAM's contents are lost.

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5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several
hardware components inside or outside a computer. It does not
only connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links
the CPU with other important hardware.

40
 6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards)
that enable the computer to use a peripheral device for which it
does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards. They
are often used to permit upgrading to a new different hardware

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the

back corner of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It converts
120vac (standard house power) into DC voltages that are used by
other components in the PC.

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8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a
magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The
hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows
computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive
and contains the operating system and applications.

9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a

storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital
Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

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 10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access
data stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the
disk surface and accesses data at a very fast rate

What are the input and output devices of a computer?

The devices attached to a personal computer can be classified

into two- the input and output devices. Input Device is composed
of a device that accepts data and instructions from the user or
from another computer system. While, output device is any piece
of computer hardware that displays results after the computer
has processed the input data that has been entered.

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 Two (2) Types of Input Devices

1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a

keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is
transferred to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin
Mini-din connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard.

2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be

keyed by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices
create machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or
feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.

Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer
(cursor) on screen.
* Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used
in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons and most
have one or two scroll wheels.

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*Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a
finger or stylus. Used in myriad applications, including ATM
machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation and
industrial controls. The touch screen became wildly popular for
smart phones and tablets.

Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal used

to draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings the pen
to the desired point on screen and presses the pen button to
make contact.

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 Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching
new images or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet,"
the user contacts the surface of the device with a wired or
wireless pen or puck. Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck
is officially the "tablet cursor."

2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations

printed on paper and translates the information into a form the
computer can use.

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 3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as
speech or voice recognition systems that allow a user to send
audio signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying
out commands. Audio input devices such as microphones allow
users to speak to the computer in order to record a voice message
or navigate software

Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual
form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that
displays the information is called the screen or video display
terminal.

Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of
displays for use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to
16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

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 b. LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has
been used in laptops for some time. It has recently been made
commercially available as monitors for desktop PCs.

c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting

technology used in almost every electrical and electronic product
on the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts,
flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.

2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a

liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed
through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light
cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a
shutter, either allowing light to pass through or blocking the
light.

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3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch
sensitive transparent panel covering the screen, which is similar
to a touch screen.

4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Types of printer

a) Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink at a sheet of paper.

Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.
b) Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines.
Laser printers produce very high-quality text and graphics.

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c) LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses
liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to
produce an image on the drum.
d) Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print
an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce
low-quality print.

(e) Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by

pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive paper. Thermal
printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.

5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the

system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to
listen to music and hear sound effects from your computer.

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 What is a Storage Device?
Aside from the devices attached on a PC, there are also the so-
called storage devices that perform a special task in computing
system. Storage device is any apparatus for recording computer
data in a permanent or semi-permanent form.

Types of storage devices

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Floppy diskette- is a random access, removable data storage
medium that can be used with personal computers. The term
usually refers to the magnetic medium housed in a rigid plastic
cartridge measuring 3.5 inches square and about 2millimeters
thick. Also called a "3.5-inch diskette," it can store up to 1.44
megabytes (MB) of data.
Compact disc (CD) – also called optical disc is a nonmagnetic,
polished metal disk used to store digital information. The disc is
read by the CD- ROM.
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)- an optical disc technology with a 4.7
gigabyte storage capacity on a single-sided, one-layered disk,
which is enough for a 133-minute movie.

Jump drive and USB flash drive- is a plug-and-play portable

storage device that uses flash memory and is lightweight enough
to attach to a key chain. A USB drive can be used in place of a
floppy disk, Zip drive disk, or CD.

Hard drive- is the main, and usually largest, data storage device
in a computer. The operating system, software titles and most
other files are stored in the hard disk drive.

LS-120- is a drive which supports a special floppy diskette which

can store up to 120MB of information as well as being backwards
compatible and still supporting the standard 1.44MB floppy
diskettes.

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 Zip drive-is a small, portable disk drive used primarily for
backing up and archiving personal computer files.

What’s More

Write the corresponding name of the parts of a computer system.

53
1. I have learned that _______ is a drive which supports a special
floppy diskette which can store up to 120MB.
2. ______ is an optical disc technology with a 4.7 gigabyte storage
capacity on a single-sided.
3._______is used to play sound. They may be built into the system
unit or connected with cables.
4.________ is a random access, removable data storage medium
that can be used with personal computers.
5.________ is an optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers
to read data on the optical media.
6.________ is a random access, removable data storage medium
that can be used with personal computers.
7._________ is the main, and usually largest, data storage device
in a computer.
8. _________ spays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers
produce high-quality text and graphics.
9. _________ Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to
the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard house power) into
DC voltages that are used by other components in the PC.
10. ________ is a plug-and-play portable storage device that uses
flash memory and is lightweight enough to attach to a key chain.

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What I Can Do

55
 Assessment
Matching Type. Match column A with Column B and write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A.
1. It serves as the brain of computer. B.
2. Printed-circuit boards (also called a. Adapter
interface cards) that enable the computer b. CD- ROM
to use a peripheral device c. CPU
3. Also called read/write memory d. Floppy disk
4. a small, portable disk drive used e. Microphone
primarily for backing up files f. Monitor
5. The main circuit board of a computer g. Motherboard
6. Also called diskette h. Mouse
7. Acts as a pointing device i. Optical Drive
8. Device that makes sounds, clips and j. RAM
any audio materials be heard. k. ROM
9. Component that reads and record data l. Speaker
in CDs and DVDs. m. Zip Drive
10. it is a visual device that displays the
information

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 Additional Activities

Find the names of the parts in the puzzle.

57
Answer Key

58
 What I Need to Know

After using this module, you are expected to:

1. Improve your typing skills and enhance your basic keyboard
literacy

Learning Competency Code:

What I Know

59
Lesson
Basic Mouse and Keyboard
4

What’s In

Still wanted to be the best computer technician in

your area? You have all the characteristics of a successful
entrepreneur and you have mastered all the parts and
components of a computer? We’ll let’s just continue to continue
improve our skills in typing and enhance our knowledge about
basic keyboard.

Typing is one of the skills you must have if you want to excel
in pursuing a computer business, shop or repair center. So,
let’s take the time and effort to know each information.

60
 What’s New

What is a keyboard?

A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter

characters and functions into the computer system by pressing
buttons, or keys. It is the primary device used to enter text. A
keyboard typically contains keys for individual letters, numbers
and special characters, as well as keys for specific functions. A
keyboard is connected to a computer system using a cable or a
wireless connection.

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Cursor Pad

The cursor keypad (arrow keys) allow you to move the cursor
between letters, words, sentences and paragraphs. The other
keys (Home, End, Page Up, Page Down) allow your cursor to jump
across larger sections and across screens

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Numeric Keypad
A numeric keypad is the small, palm-sized, seventeen key section
of a computer keyboard on the very far right.

Features digits 0 to 9, addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication

(*), division (/) and decimal point (.) and Num Lock and Enter
keys.

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Function Keypad

Keys that act as shortcuts for performing certain functions such

as saving files or printing data.
Function keys usually are lined along the top of the keyboard
labeled F1 through F12.

Where are the function keys on the keyboard?

Below is an overview of a computer keyboard with the function
keys (F1 through F12) highlighted in blue.

The function keys or F keys are lined along the top of the
keyboard and labeled F1 through F12. These keys act as
shortcuts, performing certain functions, like saving files, printing
data, or refreshing a page. For example, the F1 key is often used
as the default help key in many programs. The F5 key is used in

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an Internet browser to refresh or reload a web page. The function
of these keys can differ by operating system and by software
program.

Proper hand position

Mouse

A hand-operated electronic device that controls the coordinates of

a cursor on your computer screen as you move it around on a
pad; on the bottom of the device is a ball that rolls on the surface
of the pad; "a mouse takes much more room than a trackball.”
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 How to Hold the Mouse

Hold the mouse gently with your index finger resting on the
primary button and your thumb resting on the side.

To move the mouse, slide it slowly in any direction. If you run out
of room to move your mouse on your desk or mouse pad, just
pick up the mouse and bring it back closer to you.

Moving the mouse:

Look for the cursor on the screen. Shake the mouse to and for a
moment.
Hold the mouse as described before, and while looking at the
screen move your hand vertically from right to left.

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Notice how the cursor moves from right to left.

Keep your eyes on the screen. Move the mouse closer to your
body and then further away.
Notice how the cursor moves up and down the screen

Pointing, Clicking & Dragging

Double-clicking: Point to the item on the screen, and click twice

quickly.
Tip: This type of clicking is most often used to open items on your
desktop. (e.g. Open a program)

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 Clicking with the mouse

The two buttons on the mouse are for "clicking".

The left mouse button will be doing most of the work. You'll want
to keep your index finger "on the trigger," by resting it on the left
mouse button. Place your index finger gently on the left button.
To click,

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HOLD THE MOUSE STEADY and bear down momentarily with
your index finger on the left mouse button. You should hear a
"click" as you press down on the mouse.

Scroll Wheel

If your mouse has a scroll wheel, you can use it to scroll through
documents and pages on the web.
To scroll down, roll the wheel toward you.

69
To scroll up, roll the wheel away from you

70
Lesson
Network, Materials, Tools
5 and Testing Tools

71
A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in
order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs),
exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The
computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone
lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams.

There are three basic types of networks which includes the

following:
 Local Area Network (LAN)
 Wide Area Network (WAN)

Local Area Network

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that is confined to a
relatively small area. It is generally limited to a geographic area
such as a writing lab, school, or building. Rarely are LAN
computers more than a mile apart.
In a typical LAN configuration, one computer is designated as the
file server. It stores all of the software that controls the network,
as well as the software that can be shared by the computers
attached to the network. Computers connected to the file server
are called workstations. The workstations can be less powerful
than the file server, and they may have additional software on
their hard drives. On most LANs, cables are used to connect the
network interface cards in each computer.

Wide Area Network

Wide Area Networks (WANs) connect larger geographic areas,
such as Florida, the United States, or the world. Dedicated
transoceanic cabling or satellite uplinks may be used to connect
this type of network.
Networking Devices

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Consist of, but are not limited to non-local printers,
workstations, servers, webcams, data loggers, instruments, dial-
in devices, and, in general anything that requires an Ethernet
connection. These devices are supported on a best-effort basis
limited by the staffing and equipment level available.

Hub is a small, simple, inexpensive device that joins multiple

computers together. Many network hubs available today support
the Ethernet standard. Other types including USB hubs also
exist, but Ethernet is the type traditionally used in home
networking.

Ethernet switch is a device that gathers the signals from devices

that are connected to it, and then regenerates a new copy of each
signal.

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Bridge is a device filters data traffic at a network boundary.
Bridges reduce the amount of traffic on a LAN by dividing it into
two segments.

Routers are small physical devices that join multiple networks

together.

74
Network gateway is an internetworking system capable of joining
together two networks that use different base protocols. A
network gateway can be implemented completely in software,
completely in hardware, or as a combination of both.

Modem is a contraction of the term’s modulator and

demodulator. Modems perform a simple function: They translate
digital signals from a computer into analog signals that can travel
across conventional phone lines. The modem modulates the
signal at the sending end and demodulates at the receiving end

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Network interface is a device that connects a client computer,
server, printer or
other component to your network. Most often, a network interface
consists of a small electronic circuit board that is inserted into a
slot inside a computer or printer. Alternatively, some computers,
printers, or other services include network interfaces as part of
their main circuit boards (motherboards).

Network firewall protects a computer network from unauthorized

access. Network firewalls may be hardware devices, software
programs, or a combination of the two. Network firewalls guard
an internal computer network (home, school, business intranet)
against malicious access from the outside. Network firewalls may
also be configured to limit access to the outside from internal
users.

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