ELECTRO cHENISTRy

Nevnst Fquation
Galvamice C&ll/ Becbolyic
Nol lafc G DE

qDanid G| aA + bB cC + dD
CamE Elachicak E dacricE cham E
Spontmeo non storkaeouo FatlF -

005 log [e] o.

* Cotnode Cu +ue *CoBhode Zn +Ve A
Roducion
anoda: Zo -
ancdoCa -Ve
Eguilbiom Consh
ox idahion
at equilniom, Fat=0
L Catodo anade x I caBhods a arcd
Ctu Zn Ca
Fall=03RToke
anoda > cthede eancda athod
Cu
Fall= O.0 log Kc
Z n is disselud at b Zn s daposiled
anode elechroda
Gu dapos ited at
at 2n
qbbs Eneso01
Cathod aaasadand
doposud
elo chbado AG -nF Esll
* Eert <l-1
Eert>
4G -RT In K
w w

Cathode
ad ~AMS
Cu Cathcda aods Ecall inunsiue

Cu SOu
: Raststan ce RosisHvil
nsou Cu S
e
R- f RA
A

Domiel cel 7

(onduckanc& Conduchiuty
- fut
Ecal G A =KA k.
a034 ond all: 1y
-0.26V
G-A atcont Sm
9 shoonst oxidfsing gmt> FF
Stoonstreduumcnu
AC un sent isused
Siemen S
x Conductiuiy oll
clouer eomont Taduan highenelomenl mho
 Cell Constant Stho 2lecboly
G RK R m=Am
- AC

mols Crduäiuij Nact t - I pe

A euedugon
Smcn Cact - ype paohicald
p e has ama ,
y molm 9-2
Smms Valunn otA
Kol naueh lauw a daperdont
Am KCsem) miqraho n oons.
000 My moym
t A
Salt catton anlon
My mol l
m .
IL = (0Oo em

Aleak olbtholu
mo
-

usfm. Kohlva ush lauo ol

md 00omo Pndependont mg ation a tong
CoO Cm
m
o Am
odoqveas
Molan dissodah
Yariahion o Corduchiuty
ka=Ct2
Conductoty uoth ConconaBion kK dlesociatia
-a Contant
o Conc o ,hoth shong
eak eloc a C Am
ons on diuhrg Xn ( Am)
no: o
ELcoutic @ El coolusi's
-

Am Conc
8toor k wak) Faraay lauos.
Yolume nsoan on diluhm. f t a munt a uaHlg
uarud

pann in eleehely s)
Aachcry
Am KY Lfor Imd datey
117 w é G YAorochnico!
2Rui ualon+

2Law
EE
Har ooH
W W3 =
E EL E ,
 PRODOCT OF E LECTROLYSIS CORRDSS ION
+e
m elal ostdised anodo) .

I. uSed olactiolye +Inet lechode

nodo 2Ce -

Neal/CalRon Ccahode
Cclthod: D+ 4H" + ue O0

Nen madlanton anoda FeOa tuN

, aquaouo aledndao Inent elochodo or Cakm)

Cation fth 8RP Calhode Povonhion FesOgH03

u h SRP ansde )patnt
anion
20 chomfcal bispboo
SRP o watw - -23 vh
melel coainig Sn 7
elatrohornica muthod.
L9P T.TI oanion Fual cal
sRP
[3-0s t -1 SRP > -1-23

42Cathode O2 ancdeCothode:Oa+40 u6H

dont appy hts o 9 u s acds cinoda 2+uoH
CaHhods a
anode 02
oY. eelecy > udy.
. Aquaus dadndyte +Achiue elaehode
anod ode dtssoeg Sduton
melal ion daposita on Cathodu
For achiue elecodo: anodo mugt ~AMS
be octus

BATTERES
L PRIMARY CELL SECON OARY CELL

Dry CatLadhlanne. Cal- 5 v OLend sovaqe batttg

Pb
t?eandde
anod r anodo: Pb + 9O Pbsoy t?e
anods Zn Kn + e

Cathods: MnOLtn4+ lull Cothod Pbo,+ Sou+un+ në rihoc

cathcd
MnO6u) +Nt3 aph
Pb SOy + 9H20
jouelad uh nno, tc
Dh+Pboa t 2Ws0u 20b SOu 2Hn0
MeTcuT Col 1-3cdo: 2n(
-
nE Cd Cott (org lde spon most rpen sive
Omoda' Kn+26 tkgine
Zno
KoH+n0
Kathods go +H%0 *1 lt20O
dedrr ou moist Aa
Zn 1)4 g02nd+