Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE

F. Pimentel Ave, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600,Philippines

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

JASIE JAY A. DE LUNA - BSIT-1A

Exercise Set No. 3

Directions: For item 1 through 4, let A = {1,2,3,4}. Determine whether the relation is
reflexive, irreflexive, symmetric, asymmetric, anti-symmetric or transitive.

1. R = {(1,1), (1,2), (2,1), (2,2), (3,3), (3,4), (4,3), (4,4)}

 Reflexive relation because it contains (1,1), (2, 2), (3, 3),
and (4, 4).
 Symmetric relation because (1, 2) ∈ R, (2, 1) ∈ R, (3, 4) ∈
R, and (4, 3) ∈ R.
 Transitive relation because
o (1, 1) ∈ R and (1, 2) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 2) ∈ R,
o (2, 1) ∈ R and (1, 2) ∈ R ⇒ (2, 2) ∈ R,
o (1, 2) ∈ R and (2, 1) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 1) ∈ R,
o (1, 1) ∈ R and (2, 2) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 2) ∈ R,
o (3, 4) ∈ R and (4, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 3) ∈ R,
o (3, 3) ∈ R and (4, 4) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 4) ∈ R,
o (3, 3) ∈ R and (3, 4) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 4) ∈ R,
o (4, 3) ∈ R and (4, 4) ∈ R ⇒ (4, 4) ∈ R.
2. R = {(1,3), (1,1), (3,1), (1,2), (3,3), (4,4)}
 Reflexive relation because it contains (1,1), (3, 3), and (4, 4).
 Symmetric relation because (1, 2) ∈ R, and (2, 1) ∈ R.
 Anti-symmetric relation because (1, 2) ∈ R, but (2, 1) ∉ R.
 Transitive relation because
 (3, 1) ∈ R and (3, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 3) ∈ R,
 (3, 1) ∈ R and (1, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 3) ∈ R,
 (1, 1) ∈ R and (3, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 3) ∈ R,
 (1, 1) ∈ R and (3, 1) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 1) ∈ R,
 (1, 3) ∈ R and (3, 1) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 1) ∈ R,
 (3, 1) ∈ R and (1, 1) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 1) ∈ R.
3. R = Ø
 Reflexive relation because the empty relation on an empty set is
reflexive. Thus, R = Ø is reflexive relation.

4. R = {(1,2,), (1,3), (3,1), (1,1), (3,3), (3,2), (1,4), (4,2), (3,4)}

 Reflexive relation because it contains (1,1), and (3, 3).

 Symmetric relation because (1, 3) ∈ R, and (3, 1) ∈ R.
 Anti-symmetric relation because
 (1, 2) ∈ R, but (2, 1) ∉ R,
 (3, 2) ∈ R, but (2, 3) ∉ R,
 (1, 4) ∈ R, but (4, 1) ∉ R,
 (4, 2) ∈ R, but (2, 4) ∉ R,
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 Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Ave, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600,Philippines

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER STUDIES

JASIE JAY A. DE LUNA - BSIT-1A

 (3, 4) ∈ R, but (4, 3) ∉ R.

 Transitive relation because
 (1, 3) ∈ R and (3, 1) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 1) ∈ R,
 (3, 1) ∈ R and (1, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 3) ∈ R,
 (1, 2) ∈ R and (3, 1) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 1) ∈ R,
 (3, 1) ∈ R and (1, 1) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 1) ∈ R,
 (3, 3) ∈ R and (1, 2) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 2) ∈ R,
 (3, 1) ∈ R and (1, 4) ∈ R ⇒ (3, 4) ∈ R.
5. Let A = {1,2,3,4,5}, determine whether the relation R whose
Digraph is given in Figure 4.22 is reflexive, irreflexive, symmetric,
asymmetric, anti-symmetric or transitive.
 Reflexive relation
 (1, 1) and (4, 4).
 Anti-symmetric relation
 (1,2) ∈ R but (2,1) ∉ R,

 (1,3) ∈ R but (3,1) ∉ R,

 (1,5) ∈ R but (5,1) ∉ R,

 (2,3) ∈ R but (3,2) ∉ R,

 (4,2) ∈ R but (2,4) ∉ R,

 (4,3) ∈ R but (3,4) ∉ R,

 (4,5) ∈ R but (5,4) ∉ R.

 Transitive relation
 (4, 3) ∈ R and (1, 5) ∈ R ⇒ (4, 5) ∈ R,

 (4, 5) ∈ R and (5, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (4, 3) ∈ R,

 (1, 1) ∈ R and (4, 2) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 2) ∈ R,

 (1, 1) ∈ R and (2, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 3) ∈ R,

 (4, 2) ∈ R and (2, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (4, 3) ∈ R,

 (4, 4) ∈ R and (1, 5) ∈ R ⇒ (4, 5) ∈ R,

 (1, 2) ∈ R and (2, 3) ∈ R ⇒ (1, 3) ∈ R.

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