ND

2 PPT ofunit 1
RESEARCH METHODS
PRESENTED BY – PROF. PRETTYROSE MENEZES
CONTENTS:

PART 1 PART 2
• Research process • Hypothesis –
meaning , importance,
types and sources
 RESEARCH PROCESS
• Includes series of steps which need to be planned and performed in
a specific order for completion of research activity.

• Therefore when a research project is conducted through several

stages or steps it is called research process.
RESEARCH PROCESS
Selecting Defining Deciding Literature
topic problem objective survey

Decide Decide
Data Develop
sample research
collection hypothesis
design design

Analysis and Preparation of

Processing of Hypothesis
interpretation research
data testing
of data project
 HYPOTHESIS
• It means a supposition or guess put forward to account for certain
facts and used as a based for further investigation by which it may
be proved or disproved.
• It is highly useful although it may not b always necessary.
• Its mostly used in problem oriented research.
• Therefore hypothesis is a statement capable of being tested and
thereby verified or rejected.
Features of hypothesis
Clear and specific

Simple and verifiable

Relevant

Related to theory

Empirical reference

Supports facts

Testable quality
Significance / importance of hypothesis

Stresses Identifies Identifies

Testable
need for sources of type of
statement
data data research

Provide
Attains Developmen
specific
objective t of theory
direction
Types of hypothesis
• Descriptive hypotheses
a) On the basis • Relational hypotheses
of function • Causal hypotheses

b) On the basis • Common sense hypotheses

of level of • Complex hypotheses
abstraction • Analytical hypotheses

c) On the basis • Statistical hypotheses

of nature of • Null hypotheses
hypothesis • Working hypotheses
Sources of hypotheses

General Scientific Personal

analogies
culture theory experience

Academic Previous Continuity

observation
literature research of research

State of Imagination
knowledge and thinking