Detecting smell

ells are chemicals

Sme
tnat present in the air, Substances give out smells such as food, perfume relcase
chemical into the air.

When air is breathe in, the air passes through nasal cavity.

The chemical present in the air dissolve in the mucusand stimulate the smell receptors

impulse to the brain

The receptors send out nerve

and identifies the smells.

Thebrain interpretes the messages
because the smell receptors stop
something for long time, we stop detecting it. It is
hen we stop smell
to the brain.
nding message smell well. WHY?
hen a person catches cold, they cannot detect
a
roin
the smell receptor The resep ters are wnable Send neere implse in the
luzus blecks

cise: ehamicol imeli the air

detected by the nose.
Name the stimulus nasal cauity
is the location of the
smell receptors? has eavitylat the reef of the
Where the nasal cavity? To dsselve the cheicol
in the air
of the mucus lining in
What is the importance
receptorgs
e that the smdl tan be dtexted by smell to the correct sequence
in smelling.
the following statements according
Arrange as smell
nerve impulses
P-Brain interprets the
-Chemicals in the air
enters the nostril a, T, S,8,v,f)
nerve impulses
R-Smell receptors produce
S-Chemical stimulate smell receptors
T-Chemical dissolve in the mucus
nerves to the brain
are sent along
U-Nerve impulses
human tongueGet Fastoe B u c s ?

functions ofthe
lntamed

Rid ot
and How To

Thestructure
tasto rocsptors

titter

salty
 The tongue is the cnory organ for taste. It is sensitive to ehol fe.
I1 can dctcet t t , -1, fl1, r ,
of thesc hasic tastes.
0ther taste are nade tht givee
up of
he ur face of the tonguc is covered with líttle bumps contajning tiny
structures kn
the
ach taste buds contains
many receptors. Each type of taste receptors is
sensitiva wn as taste
sensitive to ta
one type
How tastes are detected?
As we chew food, chemicals in the food dissolve in
the saliva
Ihe diSSolved chemicals stimulate the
taste receptors in the taste buds
sentalong the nerves to the brain..
to produce nerus
impu
The brain interprets the impulses and identifies the taste of the
food
The sense of taste and smell
1. Both are needed to detect
the flavour of food and drinks
2. The nasal
cavity and the mouth are connected. When we accurately.
eat or drink, some
move up into the nasal
cavity and stimulate the smell chemicals from the
3. When ve have a receptors in the nose as well.
cold. chemicals in the food cannot reach the smell
excessive mucus. Hence. food become less receptors either due to block.
tasty.
4 It is easier to drink an unpleasant tasting medicine with
the nose pinched, WHY?

Exercise
I ame the basic taste that
tongue can detect. s«ctt, sldr,
SeeYee is having a flu. She cannot smell her food wellb1f,sour
and finds
ond man
the food taste less tasty.
3 h
does fod taste better when it is warm?
h i c h part of the varfedirts mere cheseal nd infa.
tongue is the most sensitive to the taste of each
type of food? Please u
pace prvided.
T:ter
 ERcold receptor
scnsitive to coled
-

detects decrease in
lemperature
pore of swoat
gland duct
hair shatt

CRincekkptor
sensitive to pain epidermis Touch receptor
sensitive to light
touches or slight
pressure. ldentifies the

dermis texture of an object

a d pose tissue

HGtrcceptor blood
sensitive to heat
-

capillary Pressure reccptor

detects increase in sweat gland sebaceous sensitive to forceful
gland the skin
pressure against
temperature

Structure of Human skin

. Outer layer of skin.
.Made up of dead cells
Epderiy bacteria.
Waterproof, tough and acts as a protective layer against
Inner layer of skin
Peris
.Consists of living cells, blo0od vessels,
sweat glands and nerves

Types of nerve endings

stimuli.
Aeupder Enable the skin to detect various
React to light touch

lonch Neccek« 5 Found in the hairless skin such as lips and fingertips.
Pan edters Sense pain and most numerous
any rise in temperature
Detect heat or
Ra eytuns
Detect cold or any fall in temperature
releptor
esse fecqt Strong pressure
Located deep within theskin be identiticd.
the texture and weight ofan object
can

Together with touch receptors, impulses to the brain.

The
send out signals
in the form nerve of
the receptors stimulated, they the sensation of
touch.
nen and we c a n feel
brain interprets the signals

sensitivity of theskin of sensitivity.

different degrees
Crent parts of the skin have the more
sensitive the shin.
he sensitivity of the skin depends on: the
concentration
ofreceptors,
lie in the shin, thus
the higher the deeperthhe
receptors
How cleje Togethe are

the thicker the

epidermis,
) How deep are
M o r e sensitive
less sensitive the skin is.
me ras
Less sensitive
fircatys, lirs,
bi1
S Sodes ok Sect and 4e bauk o 4
 he sensitivity of the skin has its application in daily lite.
a)Slnd people use the high sensitivity of'their fingertips to read in Braille. Raised ddots are used
letters nd numbers.
Doctors give injeetions n e of the reason for this
to their patients at the forearms or hips. is they
less sensitive to pain.
Evercise:
. Fill in the blanks.
a) The skin has that can detect stimuli such as heat
nerve endings called Cupter eat.
cold pain. touch and presure.
b) When the receptors are stimulated, they send out the
nerve impulses to the hrai
orai.
Patn
can feel the pain vhen the brain the nerve impulses.
ntcrpets
c) The lips are very sensitive to touch because it has very thin spidkais and has a MeL
number of receptors.
d) Blind people use the high sensitivity of their fingec tip to read in Braille.
c) Doctors would normally give an injection at the To am or hips because these parts are le
sentire to pain.
2. List the receptors found in the
) epidermis p «tn ond foueh b) dermis heafcold , tsar
3. Classily the following parts of the body into two groups: parts that are highly sensitive to touch ani
body that are less sensitive to touch.
Neck Elbow Back of body Nose Fingertips Solesof

Sensory limitations in humans

I.Unhealthy lifestyles and high risk jobs can affect the sensitivity of the sensory organs.
2. Expose the high energy bluc light that is emitted by electronic devices such as smartphone,10rra
f
especiallyy in the dark, can damage the retina.
The 2cino process also limits the sensitivity of sensorv.oroane in humanaTha cangitivity ofSc