HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 2

(Reprinted with minor amendments 2019)

Chapter 22 Alkanes and alkenes

Class practice
A22.1 (p.22-6)
13
(a) C4H10(g) + O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(l) OR
2
2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) → 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)
(b) Test the products by using a dry cobalt(II) chloride paper. The paper changes
from blue to pink if water is present.
Test the products by using limewater. The limewater turns milky if carbon
dioxide is present.
(c) Butane has lower carbon content than octane. Hence, butane can burn more
completely with a less sooty flame.

A22.2 (p.22-9)
(a) The brown bromine solution is decolorized.
(b) (i)

OR CH3• + Br• → CH3Br

(ii) Dibromomethane/tribromomethane/tetrabromomethane/hydrogen bromide
(Any TWO)

A22.3 (p.22-14)
1. (a) Cracking is the process of breaking down large molecules (usually
long-chain molecules of carbon compounds) into smaller ones.
(b) Petrol is commonly used as fuel for motor cars. As the number of motor
cars has been increasing, the demand for petrol has also been increasing.
(c) To produce alkenes. Alkenes can be used to make many useful organic
compounds.
2. (a)
broken pieces of unglazed porcelain
glass wool soaked
gaseous
with octane
products
strong heat

water

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 80

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 2
(Reprinted with minor amendments 2019)

(b) (i) C8H18 → C4H8 + C4H10

(ii) C4H8 C4H10

A22.4 (p.22-18)
1. (a)

(b) Add ethane and ethene separately to acidified potassium permanganate

solution. Ethene can decolorize the purple acidified potassium
permanganate solution while ethane cannot.

2. Ethane burns with a less sooty flame than ethene because it has lower carbon
content.

Think about
Think about (p.22-2)
1. Carbon dioxide and water
2. Saturated hydrocarbons are compounds made up of only carbon and hydrogen in
which the carbon and hydrogen atoms are all joined by single bonds only.
3. Yes. Propane reacts with chlorine or bromine (dissolved in an organic solvent) in
the presence of UV light, light or heat in substitution.

Think about (p.22-10)

The heavy fractions will undergo combustion.

Think about (p.22-16)

Alkenes are important starting materials for making many useful chemicals. It would
be a waste to burn alkenes as fuels.

Chapter exercise (p.22-22)

1. CnH2n+2
2. substitution
3. petrol; alkenes
4. ; unsaturated; addition

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 81

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 2
(Reprinted with minor amendments 2019)

5. two; more; single

6. C
Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons in which the carbon and hydrogen
atoms are all joined by single bonds only.

7. B
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. They undergo substitution reactions with
chlorine.

8. A
A mixture of products forms at the end of the reaction.

9. A
Refer to p.8 of chapter 22 for details.

10. A

11. C
In the absence of air, the hydrocarbons will not undergo combustion and no
carbon dioxide would be produced.

12. A
In the reaction between alkenes and bromine, a bromine atom is added to each of
the doubly bonded carbon atoms.

13. C
Refer to p.16 and 17 of chapter 22 for details.

14. (a) The brown bromine solution is decolorized.

(b) Light provides energy to break the Br–Br bonds in bromine molecules,
forming bromine radicals and start the chain reaction.
UV light
(c) (i) Initiation: Br2 → 2Br•
Propagation: CH4 + Br• → CH3• + HBr OR
CH3• + Br2 → CH3Br + Br•
Termination: CH3• + Br• → CH3Br
(ii) No. This is because the reaction produces a mixture of products.

15. (a) The C–C bonds and C–H bonds in alkanes are very strong. Hence, a large

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 82

HKDSE CHEMISTRY ⎯ A Modern View (Second Edition) Coursebook 2
(Reprinted with minor amendments 2019)

amount of energy is needed to break these bonds during cracking.

(b) CnH2n
(c) C13H28 → C2H4 + C3H6 + C8H18
(d) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 OR CH3(CH2)6CH3
(e) The reaction can be carried out at a lower temperature by using a catalyst.
(f) To produce extra petrol/to produce alkenes that can be used to make many
useful chemicals.

16. (a) If the liquid paraffin is heated directly, it would vaporize very quickly and
pass through the broken pieces of porous pot without being cracked.
(b) They act as a catalyst.
(c) (i) The brown bromine solution is decolorized. Both the alkane(s) and
alkene(s) in the gaseous products can react with bromine in the
presence of light.
(ii) The brown bromine solution is decolorized. In the absence of light, the
alkene(s) in the gaseous products can react with bromine.
(d) This is because the first tube of gas collected contains mainly air.
(e) The delivery tube should be removed from water before the heating is
stopped.

17. (a) Carbon-carbon double bond

(b) (i) The brown bromine solution is decolorized.
(ii) The purple acidified potassium permanganate solution is decolorized.
(c) Reaction in (b)(i):

Reaction in (b)(ii):

(d) (i) Substitution reaction

(ii) Addition reaction

18. (a) Ethene is a gas under room conditions.

(b) This is because ethene contains carbon-carbon double bond in its molecules.
(c) Carry out fractional distillation to separate petroleum into several fractions
including heavy fractions.
Cracking of heavy fractions gives a mixture of smaller hydrocarbons which
includes ethene.
Carry out fractional distillation again to separate ethene from the product
mixture of cracking.

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd. 2019 83