Republic of the Philippines

Bicol University Polangui Campus

Polangui, Albay

M3 Microbiology and Parasitology

Second Semester, SY 2020-2021

Activity 3: Part 2
Group Activity
I. Collaborate and share your experiences about bacterial infections or diseases with your group mates. Talk about
the causes or where you get the bacterial infections, the symptoms manifested, the treatments, and the preventive
measures you did to avoid those diseases from infecting you again. After that, complete the table below.

Refer to the video lecture, table 4-8, and table 4-10 in the book as your guide.

Scientific
Name of the
Name of the Cause/s Symptoms Treatment Prevention
Diseases
Bacteria
Varicella-zoster An itchy rash is the There is no specific The best way to
virus (VZV) causes most common treatment for chickenpox, prevent
the chickenpox symptom of but there are pharmacy chickenpox is to
Human infection. Most chickenpox. The remedies that can get the chickenpox
Chicken pox
herpesvirus 3 cases occur infection will have alleviate symptoms. vaccine. Everyone
through contact to be in your body These include – including
for around seven
with an infected paracetamol to relieve children,
to 21 days before
 person. The virus the rash and other fever. Calamine lotion adolescents, and
is contagious to symptoms and a cool bath with adults – should get
those around you develop. You start added baking soda, two doses of
for one to two days to be contagious to uncooked oatmeal, or chickenpox
before your those around you colloidal oatmeal may vaccine if they
blisters appear. up to 48 hours help relieve some of the have never had
before the skin
VZV remains itching. Try to minimize chickenpox or
rash starts to
contagious until all scratching to prevent the were never
occur. The non-
blisters have rash symptoms virus from spreading to vaccinated.
crusted over. The may last a few others and potential Chickenpox
virus can spread days and include: bacterial infection from vaccine is very
through saliva, fever, headache occurring. Keeping safe and effective
coughing, and loss of fingernails trimmed short at preventing the
sneezing, contact appetite. may help prevent skin disease. Most
with fluid from the infections caused by people who get the
blisters scratching blisters. vaccine will not get
chickenpox. If a
vaccinated person
does get
chickenpox, the
symptoms are
usually milder with
fewer or no blisters
(they may have
just red spots) and
mild or no fever.
Strep throat is a When a person is Antibiotics are used in In preventing this
disease caused by infected with treating strep throat, disease, everyone
Streptococcus an infection with a Streptococcus
Strep Throat wherein it kills the must always learn
pyogenes bacterium known pyogenes, they bacteria that causes the to wash their
as streptococcus find swallowing infection. These hands. Proper
pyogenes. It is a painful since throat antibiotics can be taken handwashing is
contagious pain usually as a pill or a shot. The the best way to
disease spread comes on quickly. common antibiotics used prevent all kinds of
through droplets They would have a are penicillin and infection. Another
when an infected red and swollen amoxicillin. In taking is covering the
person coughs or tonsil, sometimes these, the person infected mouth using a
sneezes or with white patches
should follow all the tissue or their
through shared or streaks of pus.
instructions given by the elbow when
food or drinks. There would also
People can also be be a presence of healthcare provider. sneezing or
infected when they tiny red spots on sneezing. People
touch their nose, the area at the In relieving the symptoms, also should not
mouth, or eyes back of the roof of like throat pain and fever, share all their
after picking up the the mouth (soft or they may take over-the- personal
bacteria from a hard palate). The counter pain relievers belongings,
doorknob or other person would such as ibuprofen or especially their
surface. The experience a acetaminophen. A child utensils and
disease may swollen, tender may drink soothing drinking glass.
cause infection in lymph node in the liquids, like tea, and not
the tonsils, neck as well as take aspirin as it may
sinuses, skin, body aches. This
cause a more life-
blood, and middle disease also
ear. causes fever, threatening illness.
headache, and
appearance of
rash on their skin.
The infected
person may feel
nauseated,
especially the
younger children.
 Urinary tract A variety of signs The ideal treatment of UTI Drink plenty of
infections are and symptoms are is an antibacterial agent liquids, especially
caused by associated with that eradicate bacteria water. Drinking
pathogenic UTI. About half of from the urinary tract with water helps dilute
microorganisms in all the patients with minimal effects of fecal your urine and
the urinary tract. bacteriuria have and vaginal flora, thereby ensures that you'll
UTIs are generally no symptoms. minimizing the incidence urinate more
classified as Signs and of vaginal yeast frequently —
infections symptoms of infections. Additionally, allowing bacteria
involving the upper cystitis include the antibacterial agent to be flushed from
or lower urinary frequent pain and should be affordable and your urinary tract
tract. burning on should produce few before an infection
urination, adverse effects and low can begin.
For infection to frequency, resistance. Various Drink cranberry
occur, bacteria urgency, nocturia, treatment regimens have juice. Although
Urinary Tract (Escherichia coli) incontinence, and been successful in studies are not
Escherichia
Infection must gain access suprapubic or treating uncomplicated conclusive that
coli
(UTI) to the bladder, pelvic pain. lower UTIs in women: cranberry juice
attach to and Hematuria and single-dose prevents UTIs, it is
colonize the back pain may administration, short- likely not harmful.
epithelium of the also be present. course medication Wipe from front to
urinary tract to Sign and regimens, and back.
avoid being symptoms of therapeutic courses. In a Avoid potentially
washed out with pyelophritis complicated UTI, the irritating feminine
voiding, evade include fever, general treatment of products.
host defense chills, flank or choice is usually a Change the birth
mechanisms, and lower back pain, cephalosporin or an control method.
initiate nausea, vomiting, ampicillin/aminoglycoside
inflammation. headache, combination.
Most UTIs result malaise, and
from fecal painful urination.
organisms that
ascend from the
 perineum to the
urethra and the
bladder and then
adhere to the
mucosal surfaces.
The normal
bacterial flora of
the vagina and
urethral area also
interfere with
adherence of
Escherichia coli.

II. Answer the following questions.

1. Describe Microbial Culture and state its importance to Microbiology.

Microbial culture is a method of multiplying microbial organisms under controlled laboratory conditions
by reproducing them in predetermined culture medium which is a liquid or gel substance that supports the
growth of microorganisms. There are several components required in a microbial medium for cultivation of
microbes in a laboratory and they are: carbon source, nitrogen sources, microelements, growth factors, anti-
foams, energy sources, and water. There are also various ways of achieving the culturing of microorganisms
and the type of culture method sometimes depends on the type of the microbial system or the product we
expect. The following are the types of microbial cultures: batch culture, fed-batch culture, and continuous
culture.
Microbial culture is used to determine the type of organism, its abundance in the sample being tested,
or both. It is also the foundational and basic diagnostic methods of microbiology and it is used as a research
tool in molecular biology. Additionally, it is used as a tool to determine the cause of infectious diseases by
letting the agent multiply in a predetermined culture medium. An example for this is a throat culture wherein
the lining of the tissue in the back of the throat is scraped and the sample is blotted into a medium in order to
screen for harmful microorganisms like Streptococcus pyogenes which is the causative agent of strep throat.
2. Why is it important to consider the atmospheric, temperature, and nutritional requirements in culturing
microorganisms?

Microbial growth is affected by many different environmental factors, including the availability of
nutrients and moisture, temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, barometric pressure, and composition of the
atmosphere. That is why it is very vital to meet the requirements needed for the growth of the microbes. Since,
all living organisms require nutrients-the various chemical compounds that organisms use to sustain life.
Therefore, to survive in a particular environment, appropriate nutrients must be available. Many nutrients are
energy sources; organisms will obtain energy from these chemicals by breaking chemical bonds. Most
microorganisms prefer a neutral or slightly alkaline growth medium. Every microorganism has an optimum
growth temperature- the temperature at which the organism grows best. Every microorganism also has a
minimum growth temperature, below which it ceases to grow, and a maximum growth temperature, above
which it dies. Microorganisms that grow best at high temperatures are called thermophiles. Microbes that grow
best at moderate temperatures are called mesophiles. This group includes most of the species that grow on
plants and animals and in warm soil and water. Psychrophiles prefer cold temperatures. Microorganisms vary
with respect to the type of gaseous atmosphere that they require.
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